EP1255873A1 - Federstahl vom maraging-typ - Google Patents
Federstahl vom maraging-typInfo
- Publication number
- EP1255873A1 EP1255873A1 EP01901158A EP01901158A EP1255873A1 EP 1255873 A1 EP1255873 A1 EP 1255873A1 EP 01901158 A EP01901158 A EP 01901158A EP 01901158 A EP01901158 A EP 01901158A EP 1255873 A1 EP1255873 A1 EP 1255873A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spring steel
- weight
- strip
- temperature
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/909—Tube
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-strength, hardenable, corrosion-resistant spring steel of the maraging type.
- these alloys In the solution-annealed state, these are completely artsitic alloys that can be hardened by heat treatment. These alloys have good isotropic formability before hardening. After hardening, these alloys have very high strengths, hardness, fatigue strength and relaxation resistance ⁇ 300 ° C. Such alloys are known for example from EP 0 773 307 AI and from JP-A-49 119 814.
- These spring steels of the maraging type differ in principle from metastable austenitic or semi-austenitic steels due to their martensite temperature.
- the martensite temperature is approximately at / or below room temperature.
- Such metastable austenitic or semi-austenitic steels are known for example from EP 0 210 035 AI.
- the steels mentioned at the outset require increased cold forming in order to form deformation martensite. They have the decisive disadvantage that in the manufacture of wires and strips, the ductility is greatly reduced by the increased cold deformation before the actual hardening.
- isotropic formability is understood to mean that a comparable formability is given both parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction. Such isotropic formability is absolutely necessary when using spring steels for spring elements that are intended to perform several functions simultaneously.
- JP-A-49 119 814 a high-strength, corrosion-resistant spring steel is known which contains nickel and chromium in the range (2.5; 14), (10.2; 14), (7.3; 18) and ( 2.5; 18) on the (nickel; chrome) weight.
- % Diagram contains iron with the rest.
- JP-A-49 119 815 recommends at least one of the elements molybdenum, titanium, copper, tungsten and zircon in a total proportion of less than 0.5% by weight.
- Beryllium contents greater than 0.3% by weight are recommended for hardening. It has been shown that when using beryllium contents greater than 0.3% by weight, even with the use of the taught titanium additives, the alloy could not be processed hot.
- a high proportion of ferrite in the above-mentioned compositions can rise up to values of 60% and thus lead to reduced lattice tension and thus to less hardness before or after curing.
- the ferrite can disintegrate into a brittle theta phase and into tempering, which then converts to martensite when it cools down. This decay leads to great losses in ductility.
- the martensite temperature in the above-mentioned compositions is sometimes too low, for example -40 ° C.
- CH-PS 320 815 also discloses spring alloys which can contain up to 25% by weight of chromium and up to 20% by weight of nickel.
- the alloys described there can be austenitic, ferritic or martensitic and also in the combinations of austenite, ferrite and martensite. With the wide alloy windows described there, it is generally not possible to guarantee mechanical properties, in particular good, reproducible isotropic formability.
- CH-PS 265 255 discloses an austenitic superalloy based on cobalt-nickel.
- the cobalt-nickel base alloy described there is provided with hardening additives made of beryllium and / or titanium and / or carbon in quantities of up to 5% by weight.
- the alloys there are austenitic, so that their hardening requires relatively high beryllium concentrations, since the solubility of beryllium m is austenitic.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a high-strength, hardenable, corrosion-resistant spring steel from
- the object is achieved by a high-strength, hardenable, corrosion-resistant spring steel of the maraging type, which is characterized in that
- FIG. 6 shows a so-called "Schaeffler" diagram.
- nickel content can be replaced by cobalt and up to 35% of the chromium content by molybdenum and / or tungsten.
- the spring steel can contain up to 4% by weight of copper in order to improve the corrosion resistance. against pitting even further.
- the spring steel can contain at least one of the elements manganese, silicon, aluminum or niobium in individual proportions of less than 0.5% by weight.
- the spring steel according to the invention has at least one of the elements carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, hydrogen or oxygen in individual proportions of less than 0.1% by weight. If these proportions are exceeded, undesirable carbide, bond or nitride Divorces that negatively affect the physical properties of the material.
- the spring steel contains up to 0.1% by weight of cerium or cerium mixed metal as a deoxidation additive.
- the ferrite content can be set according to equation (2) in% by weight:
- the ferrite content must not exceed 3%, since otherwise it can lead to brittle theta phases or to major losses in hardness.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A comparison of the calculated and the determined values for the martensite temperature and the ferrite content can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the alloys shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are listed in their compositions in the following table.
- D i s prov i egenden alloys are typically SEN by G i s ⁇ e i ner melt furnace or m a crucible under vacuum or under protective gas produces e i ner.
- the melting temperatures ⁇ 0 lie at about 1500 ° C.
- e i occurs n i ne casting i ne mold.
- the cast ingots from the available Le ⁇ g i modified later then at a temperature of approx ä hr 1000 ° C b i s 1200 ° C and then bloomed into a tape i be 900 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ 1150 ° C hot-formed.
- the low W armwalz- 5 temperatures are chosen to minimize the depleted of free Be edge zones.
- a first Amsterdamsglu- hen (homogeneous Sieren i) of the band depending on the choice of Gl ⁇ hdauer i be 850 ° C ⁇ T 2 ⁇ 1100 ° C instead.
- the strip is heat-treated at 400 ° C. ⁇ T 6 ⁇ 550 ° C.
- the heat treatment is carried out for 0.25 h to 10 h.
- Solution annealing can take from one minute to 6 hours and can be slowly cooled or quenched; ie the rate of deterrence has a relatively small impact.
- a second cold deformation takes place at a temperature which corresponds approximately to the room temperature.
- the isotropic formability is not very affected by this because of the low hardening and texture formation of the maraging alloys treated here.
- the second cold working is then followed by the heat treatment at 400 ° C ⁇ T 6 ⁇ 550 ° C.
- the method according to the invention was used to produce spring elements which had Vickers hardnesses HV> 590 and had very high strengths (strengths greater than 1900 N / mm 2 ).
- the corrosion resistance was examined in the hardened state by moisture and salt fog tests. At a relative humidity of 90%, no corrosion attack was found after 28 days at 50 ° C. Likewise, no corrosion attack was found on the spring elements after a day of salt spray.
- the cast was pre-blocked at a temperature of approximately 1200 ° C and then rolled into a strip at a temperature of approximately 1100 ° C.
- the martensite temperature Mg was approximately 156 ° C for the molten alloy.
- - was 0.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the mechanical properties as a function of the cold deformation of the alloy treated in this way before and after hardening, which takes place by means of a heat treatment. Elongation is a poor measure of ductility for these weakly strengthening alloys. The bending radii before curing are more meaningful.
- the values found are given for the “heavy” direction, ie for the bending axis parallel to the rolling direction, in FIG. 5 and linked to the strengths after hardening and further compared with two alloys from the prior art.
- the alloy according to the invention is here provided with the reference symbol 1, whereas the two prior art alloys are provided with the reference symbols 2 and 3.
- the alloy 2 from the prior art is a stainless spring steel 1.4310 (X12 Cr Ni 17 7) of the type metastable austenite 3 is the austenitic spring material N ⁇ 2Be, which is sold under the trade name Beryvac 520 by Vacuumschmelze GmbH.
- the bending radii in the “easy” direction that is to say the bending axis perpendicular to the rolling direction, have at least equivalent or better values.
- FIG. 5 shows the superiority of the spring steel of the maraging type according to the present invention compared to the metastably austenitic or semi-austenitic spring steels mentioned at the beginning.
- the subsequent curing takes place via a heat treatment over a period of two hours at a temperature of 470 ° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10001650A DE10001650A1 (de) | 2000-01-17 | 2000-01-17 | Federstahl vom Maraging-Typ |
| DE10001650 | 2000-01-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/000498 WO2001053556A1 (de) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Federstahl vom maraging-typ |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1255873A1 true EP1255873A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
| EP1255873B1 EP1255873B1 (de) | 2006-06-21 |
| EP1255873B9 EP1255873B9 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
Family
ID=7627717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01901158A Expired - Lifetime EP1255873B9 (de) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Federstahl vom maraging-typ |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6793745B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1255873B9 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10001650A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001053556A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242322A1 (de) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-04-01 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Golfschlägerkopf aus Maraging Stahl |
| DE102004047508B3 (de) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-20 | Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh | Messgrößenaufnehmer |
| DE102004063750A1 (de) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze mit integriertem Brennraumdrucksensor |
| DE102007026979A1 (de) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | Friedrich Siller | Inhalationsvorrichtung |
| US8888838B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2014-11-18 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Endoprosthesis containing multi-phase ferrous steel |
| CN103667983B (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-03-30 | 铜陵安东铸钢有限责任公司 | 一种高强度弹簧钢及其制备方法 |
| GB2546808B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-09-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
| GB2546809B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-05-09 | Rolls Royce Plc | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
| SE543422C2 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2021-01-12 | Voestalpine Prec Strip Ab | Steel strip for flapper valves |
| CN116716470B (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2026-02-27 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | 一种gh2696高温合金端面弹簧的热处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH265255A (de) * | 1947-04-23 | 1949-11-30 | Reinhard Dr Straumann | Insbesondere für Uhrenfedern geeignete Eisen-Nickel-Kobalt-Legierung. |
| CH320815A (de) * | 1952-10-27 | 1957-04-15 | Reinhard Dr Straumann | Bestandteil für Zeitmessinstrumente |
| DE1186889B (de) * | 1954-10-18 | 1965-02-11 | Straumann Inst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Federn fuer Uhren und aehnliche Geraete |
| US2954267A (en) * | 1958-06-05 | 1960-09-27 | Olivetti Corp Of America | Modified return-to-zero digital recording system |
| JPS49119814A (de) * | 1973-03-19 | 1974-11-15 | ||
| JPS6220857A (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-29 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 高強度ステンレス鋼 |
| JP3381011B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-02 | 2003-02-24 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 析出硬化型ステンレス鋼 |
| DE29517799U1 (de) * | 1995-11-09 | 1996-02-08 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 63450 Hanau | Hochfeste korrosionsbeständige Maraging-Legierung |
-
2000
- 2000-01-17 DE DE10001650A patent/DE10001650A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-01-17 WO PCT/EP2001/000498 patent/WO2001053556A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-17 EP EP01901158A patent/EP1255873B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 US US10/168,228 patent/US6793745B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-17 DE DE50110248T patent/DE50110248D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0153556A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6793745B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
| EP1255873B9 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
| US20030091458A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| EP1255873B1 (de) | 2006-06-21 |
| WO2001053556A1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
| DE50110248D1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
| DE10001650A1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
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