EP1272190A2 - Utilisation de galantamine dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer ciblant la cause fondamentale de la maladie - Google Patents

Utilisation de galantamine dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer ciblant la cause fondamentale de la maladie

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Publication number
EP1272190A2
EP1272190A2 EP01919406A EP01919406A EP1272190A2 EP 1272190 A2 EP1272190 A2 EP 1272190A2 EP 01919406 A EP01919406 A EP 01919406A EP 01919406 A EP01919406 A EP 01919406A EP 1272190 A2 EP1272190 A2 EP 1272190A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
galantamine
day
dose
dosage
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP01919406A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wim Louis Julien Parys
Michael Pontecorvo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Original Assignee
Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Janssen Pharmaceutica NV filed Critical Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Publication of EP1272190A2 publication Critical patent/EP1272190A2/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of an effective amount of galantamine for the production of a medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, wherein said treatment provides both symptomatic relief and also treats the underlying cause of the disease.
  • Galantamine is known to be a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that can be isolated from a number of different plant sources, including daffodil bulbs. Galantamine interacts competitively with the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, and demonstrates a 10 to 50 fold selectivity for acetyl vs. butyryl cholinesterase.
  • Galantamine has been used for the treatment of a number of chronic diseases, where lifelong treatment may be necessary.
  • Galantamine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (United States Patent 4,663,318).
  • Alzheimer's disease The etiology of neuronal degeneration and associated cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood. However, three consistent neuropathological hallmarks have been identified: amyloid-rich senile plaques, tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell death.
  • Methods of treating Alzheimer's disease include the use of therapeutic drugs for symptomatic relief of the cognitive symptoms of the disease.
  • US Patent 5,962,535 acknowledged the shortcomings of the prior treatments and proposed the use of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease which comprises idebenone in combination with a compound having acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. According to this prior art, this combination of compounds produced clinical benefits not seen in previous treatments. Thus, there is a need for other therapeutic drugs for treating, preventing and inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease by targeting the underlying cause of the disease.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the mean change ( ⁇ SE) in ADAS-cog/11 from baseline to the end of the treatment period to the end of the washout period.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the prior art results with donepezil hydrocliloride in a similar study.
  • the present invention relates to the use of an effective amount of galantamine for the production of a medicament for treating, preventing and inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease by targeting the underlying cause of the disease.
  • Galantamine a tertiary alkaloid
  • Galantamine has been isolated from the bulbs of the Caucasian snowdrops Galant ⁇ ms woronowi (Proskurnina, N. F. and Yakoleva, A. P. 1952, Alkaloids of Galanth s woronowi. II. Isolation of a new alkaloid. (In Russian.) Zh.Obschchei Khim. (J. Gen. Chem.) 22, 1899-1902). It has also been isolated from the common snowdrop Galanthus nivalis (Boit, 1954).
  • Galantamine is a well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which is active at nicotinic receptor sites but not at muscarinic receptor sites. It is capable of passing the blood-brain barrier in humans, and presents no severe side effects in therapeutically effective dosages.
  • Galantamine has been used extensively as a curare reversal agent in anaesthetic practice in Eastern bloc countries (cf. review by Paskow, 1986) and also experimentally in the West (cf. Bretagne and Valetta, 1965: Wislicki, 1967; Consanitis. 1971). Galantamine has been marketed by the company Waldheim (Sanochemia protagonist) as
  • galantamine we include within this term galantamine itself, derivatives and salts thereof, such as halides, for example galantamine hydrobromide.
  • galantamine and derivates and salts thereof may be formulated according to convention methods of pharmacy, together where appropriate with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents, as is known in the art.
  • Such formulations can take the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, or lozenges, pessaries, creams, suppositories or transdermal formulations, depending on the route of administration.
  • galantamine for example galantamine hydrobromide
  • Galantamine hydrobromide is thought to increase the release of acetylcholine through a mechanism called allosteric modulation of the nicotinic receptors.
  • galantamine hydrobromide binds to a site on the presynaptic nicotinic receptor, that is distinct from the acetylcholine- binding site, and evokes a change in the shape of the receptor.
  • Such modulation is self-regulating, which produces overstimulation.
  • the increased production of acetylcholine competitively inhibits the enzyme responsible for its breakdown, acetylcholinesterase.
  • stimulation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors also increases the release of other neurotransmitters (such as glutamate) thought to play important roles in cognitive function.
  • the impact of drug withdrawal was used as an indication of the impact of the drug on cognitive function. The expectation was that patients treated with galantamine, and then withdrawn from the drug would return to levels of cognitive function similar to those documented in the placebo group.
  • a safe and effective amount of galantamine can be used for treating, preventing and inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease by targeting the underlying cause of the disease.
  • Precise dosage rates and regimes can be determined empirically by the medical practitioner, depending on individual circumstances. For example, if the compound is delivered orally, a daily dose of from about 1 mg to about 100 mg is effective. In a further example the compound can be delivered at about 5 mg to about 50 mg per day. In yet a further example the compound can be delivered at about 16 mg to about 32 mg per day. Precise daily dosages can be selected from 16 mg, 18 mg, 24 mg or 32 mg per day. It is preferred that the daily dosage be divided into two or three equal dosages.
  • the patient is introduced to galantamine slowly from about 2 weeks to about 10 weeks, wherein the dose is increased over this period.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg/day for about 1 week, followed by a dose of about 16 mg/day for about 1 week, followed by a maintenance dose of about 24 mg/day thereafter.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg day for about 1 week, followed by a dose of about 16 mg/day for about 1 week, followed by a dose of about 24 mg day for about 1 week, followed by a maintenance dose of about 32 mg/day thereafter.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg day for from about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, followed by a dose of about 16 mg/day for from about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of about 24 mg/day thereafter.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg/day for about 4 weeks, followed by a dose of about 16 mg/day for about 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of about 24 mg/day thereafter.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg/day for from about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of about 16 mg/day thereafter.
  • the patient received a dose of about 8 mg/day for about 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of about 16 mg/day thereafter.
  • EXAMPLES A six -week randomized withdrawal study compared withdrawal from a three month treatment with galantamine, to continued treatment with 24 mg or 32 mg galantamine (given in two equal doses), or continued treatment with a placebo.
  • ADAS Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale
  • ADAS-cog ADAS-cognitive scale
  • the primary efficacy endpoints were the change from baseline ADAS-cog/11.
  • the ADAS consists of two parts — a cognitive subscale and a behavioral subscale.
  • the behavioral subscale was not be used in this study.
  • the cognitive subscale, the ADAS— cog-11 comprises the following 11 items, with a score ranging from 0 to 70:
  • the ADAS-cog/13 was used as a secondary variable.
  • the ADAS-cog/13 subscale consisted of the 11 items in the ADAS-cog/11 subscale plus two new items, which were added to provide more information regarding the patient's status.
  • This secondary variable with a score ranging from 0 to 85 contains the additional two items: Concentration and Distraction (0 to 5) and Delayed Word Recall (0 to 10).
  • ADAS-cog/10 Object and Finger Naming (0 to 5) Commands (0 to 5) Constructional Kir (0 to 5)
  • the memory ADAS cognitive subscale is the sum of the following three items (score range 0 to 32):
  • the MMSE is a very brief test of cognitive functions including orientation to time and place, instantaneous recall, short-term memory, and ability to perform serial subtractions or reverse spelling, constructional capacities and the use of language.
  • the MMSE score was derived from the sum of the points assigned to each completed task. A total possible score is 30. The MMSE was performed at visit l(screening).
  • the primary efficacy parameter was the total score of the 11 cognitive items from the original ADAS cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog/11).
  • the secondary efficacy parameters were ADAS cluster scores ADAS-cog/13, ADAS-cog/10, and ADAS-cog/mem, as well as the percentage of responders.
  • the placebo group 47 patients, continued receiving the placebo.
  • the galantamine group were divided into two groups. One group, 39 patients, were given a placebo in this withdrawal test, whereas the other group, 32 patients, continued receiving the dose of galantamine, 24mg/day or 32 mg/day, given in the earlier completed study. Ninety four percent of the patients completed the trail.
  • Table 1 summarizes the demographics and baseline characteristics (from intake into the initial study) for all patients participating in this trial. Slightly more women (59%) than men (41%) participated in the trial. The majority (91 %) of patients were white, with an average age of 75 years and an average weight of 69 kg. These factors were well balanced across treatment groups, and no statistically significant differences were found among the three treatment groups. Table 1. Demographic and baseline disease characteristics for all patients
  • the primary analysis was performed on ADAS data collected at Week 6 (traditional observed case) and compared to ADAS data collected at initial visit (primary) and baseline visit (secondary). Patients missing data for Week 6 were not included in the analysis. The primary comparison was between the PLA PLA group and the GAL PLA group in change from initial visit at Week 6.
  • ADAS-cog/11 (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale) was the total score of 11 cognitive items on the ADAS. The total score ranges from 0-70, with a higher score indicating a worsening of cognitive function. ADAS-cog/11 score was calculated only when all 11 items were available. Missing ADAS-cog/11 scores were not replaced or imputed due to the low missing rate.
  • Table 5 presents the means and mean change from baseline (beginning of the initial study) for ADAS cluster scores at Week 6.
  • Table 6 shows the mean changes from initial visit on ADAS individual item scores at Week 6. In general, no change from initial visit was seen in all of the groups.
  • ADAS-cog/11 response Four definitions for ADAS-cog/11 response were used to summarize ADAS-cog/11 response data. Responder (0) was defined for those patients with no change or better ( ⁇ points improvement) on ADAS-cog/11 score. Similarly, responder (4) was for ⁇ 4 points improvement, responder (7) for >7 points improvement and responder (10) for >10 points improvement.
  • the percentages are based on total number of patients who had an evaluation at the specific visit.
  • the response data, from initial visit, at Week 6 shows that about 61% of PLA/PLA patients had no change or were improved in ADAS-cog/11 score, as compared to 47% in the GAIJPLA group and 55% in the GAIJGAL group.
  • the use of higher cutoff points demonstrate that patients who received galantamine were higher responders than patients who only received placebo. Only fifteen percent of PLA/PLA group patients had ⁇ 4 points improvement in ADAS-cog/11 score at Week 6, as compared to 19% in the GAIJPLA group and 28% in the GAL/GAL group.
  • response data for patients withdrawn from galantamine to placebo were intermediate between patients who remained on placebo and patients who remained on galantamine, for all four cutoff points.
  • patients treated with galantamine for 3 months in a preceding double blind, flexible dose trial tended to have improved cognitive function (as measured by a reduction in ADAS-cog/11 score from baseline) compared to patients who had received placebo.
  • ADAS-cog/11 scores for patients in the GAIJPLA group who had received galantamine for 3 months, then were withdrawn and placed on placebo for 6 weeks, were back to approximately the level of the original double-blind baseline.
  • Patients in the PLA/PLA group who had received placebo during both the original treatment period and the withdrawal period, had ADAS-cog/11 scores that continued to increase, indicating a worsening in cognitive function.
  • Patients in the GAIJGAL group, who had received galantamine during both the original treatment and the withdrawal period had ADAS-cog/11 scores that continued to decrease, indicating an improvement in cognitive function.
  • results of the present invention contrast the results available in the prior art in a study using another cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil hydrochloride.
  • patients received either 5mg/day or 10 mg/day for a treatment period of 24 weeks, followed by a 6 week placebo washout period.
  • the treatment group was indistinguishable from the group that received only placebo for the 30 week period.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Selon cette invention, la galantamine a été utilisée dans le traitement d'un nombre de maladies chroniques. Il s'est avéré que la galantamine est sûre et efficace dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Les médicaments thérapeutiques, y compris la galantamine, qui ont été utilisées jusqu'à présent dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer, ont été conçues dans le but d'assurer seulement un soulagement symptomatique. Il a été démontré maintenant que la galantamine peut être utilisée dans le traitement de la cause fondamentale de la maladie.
EP01919406A 2000-04-03 2001-03-28 Utilisation de galantamine dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer ciblant la cause fondamentale de la maladie Withdrawn EP1272190A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19426200P 2000-04-03 2000-04-03
US194262P 2000-04-03
PCT/EP2001/003551 WO2001074364A2 (fr) 2000-04-03 2001-03-28 Utilisation de galantamine dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer ciblant la cause fondamentale de la maladie

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EP1272190A2 true EP1272190A2 (fr) 2003-01-08

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EP (1) EP1272190A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001246518A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2310990A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001074364A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2310926C (fr) * 2000-04-03 2002-10-15 Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. Utilisation de la galantamine pour le traitement du comportement neuropsychiatrique associe a la maladie d'alzheimer
GB0329498D0 (en) * 2003-12-19 2004-01-28 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
AU2016264228B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2019-06-13 Synaptec Development Llc Galantamine clearance of amyloidß

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663318A (en) 1986-01-15 1987-05-05 Bonnie Davis Method of treating Alzheimer's disease
WO2000030446A1 (fr) 1998-11-23 2000-06-02 Bonnie Davis Formulations de dosage d'inhibiteurs de l'acetylcholinesterase

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663318A (en) 1986-01-15 1987-05-05 Bonnie Davis Method of treating Alzheimer's disease
WO2000030446A1 (fr) 1998-11-23 2000-06-02 Bonnie Davis Formulations de dosage d'inhibiteurs de l'acetylcholinesterase

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO0174364A3
TRAYKOV L. ET AL: "3-12-24: Preliminary results of the efficacy of galanthamine on cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)", JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 150, September 1997 (1997-09-01), pages S158, XP002969083
TRAYKOV L. ET AL: "THERAPEUTIC AFFICACY OF GALANTHAMINE (NIVALIN*) ON COGNITIVE DEFICIT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE", CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, vol. 8, January 2000 (2000-01-01), pages 23 - 27, XP002969085
TRAYKOV L. ET AL: "Therapeutic efficacy of galanthamine in Alzheimers'd disease (AD) - preliminary study", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PGARMACOLOGY - ABSTRACTS OF THE 2ND CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS (EACPT), vol. 52, 17 September 1997 (1997-09-17) - 20 September 1997 (1997-09-20), pages A166/532, XP002969084

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CA2310990A1 (fr) 2000-10-09
WO2001074364A2 (fr) 2001-10-11
AU2001246518A1 (en) 2001-10-15
WO2001074364A3 (fr) 2002-05-16

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