EP1275917B1 - Begrenzungsverfahren des Verflüssigungsdruckes in einer Kältemaschine - Google Patents

Begrenzungsverfahren des Verflüssigungsdruckes in einer Kältemaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1275917B1
EP1275917B1 EP02014999A EP02014999A EP1275917B1 EP 1275917 B1 EP1275917 B1 EP 1275917B1 EP 02014999 A EP02014999 A EP 02014999A EP 02014999 A EP02014999 A EP 02014999A EP 1275917 B1 EP1275917 B1 EP 1275917B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condensation
saturation temperature
temperature
superheating
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02014999A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1275917A2 (de
EP1275917A3 (de
Inventor
Luigi Nalini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carel SpA
Original Assignee
Carel SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carel SpA filed Critical Carel SpA
Publication of EP1275917A2 publication Critical patent/EP1275917A2/de
Publication of EP1275917A3 publication Critical patent/EP1275917A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1275917B1 publication Critical patent/EP1275917B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/195—Pressures of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for limiting the condensation pressure of a refrigerating machine according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from EP-A-1 050 727 .
  • the refrigerating capacity of a refrigerating machine increases with the saturation temperature at evaporation, which in turn is linked to the temperature of the refrigerated fluid.
  • the increase in refrigerating capacity also entails automatically an increase in the thermal power that the refrigerating machine must dissipate at the condenser.
  • an increase in the saturation temperature at evaporation (which generally depends on an increase in the temperature of the cooled fluid) leads to an increase in the saturation temperature at condensation.
  • a decrease in refrigerating capacity automatically leads to a decrease in the thermal power to be dissipated at the condenser and therefore to a decrease in the saturated temperature at condensation for an equal temperature of the hot source.
  • condensation temperature tends to approach the safety value that would require shutting down the machine, it is possible to limit this rise by reducing the refrigerating capacity absorbed by the evaporator, since this is equivalent to a reduction in the thermal power affecting the condenser.
  • US-A-4 523 435 discloses a refrigeration system wherein the flow of refrigerant from the refrigerant condenser to the refrigerant evaporator is controlled by an adjustable expansion valve which is responsive to superheat of the refrigerant to be compressed. Adjusting the refrigerant flow in response to both the magnitude of the superheat and the rate at which it is changing, allows to stabilize the system with respect to the over and under-corrections of refrigerant flow that afflict the known systems. Therefore, the system of US-A-4 523 435 is suitable to prevent excessive variations of the operative conditions. This result is achieved by means of a fast adjustment of the expansion valve.
  • EP-A-1 050 727 discloses a system suitable to automatically reach a minimum value for the condensation temperature in compliance with the functional parameters of the refrigerating machine. With this method, if the opening of the valve exceeds a pre-set value the condensation pressure is increased in order to have the correct pressure values at the inlet and output of the valve.
  • JP-A-03164658 and DE-A-43 03 533 concern control systems suitable to prevent excessive temperature at the delivery (high pressure side) of the compressor by means of increasing the opening of the electronic expansion valve, which results in an overfeeding of the evaporator.
  • the control systems are based on the measurement of the high pressure side (delivery) pressure. In these systems, the expansion valve is opened only if the delivery temperature exceeds a pre-set value.
  • EP-A-1 134 518 discloses a method for controlling the electronic expansion valve of a refrigerating machine, the method including the steps of monitoring a change in temperature between the fluid in a flooded cooler and a saturated suction temperature of the system, monitoring the discharge superheat of the system, and correcting the opening of the expansion valve when the discharge superheat is lower than a pre-set value.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a method that is capable of modulating the refrigerating capacity absorbed by the evaporator according to the requirements of the moment, so as to adapt in each instance to:
  • This aim is achieved by a method for limiting the condensation pressure of a refrigerating machine, according to claim 1.
  • a refrigerating machine comprises an evaporator 10, a compressor 11, a condenser 12 and a throttling valve 13, which are connected in succession and in series to each other.
  • a device for limiting the condensation pressure of the refrigerating machine comprises means for the continuous and controlled regulation of superheating at the evaporator, constituted by a sensor 14 for detecting the evaporation pressure (or saturation temperature at evaporation), a sensor 15 for detecting the temperature of the superheated vapor in output from the evaporator, a sensor 16 for detecting the condensation pressure (or saturation temperature at condensation), and a microprocessor-based controller 17.
  • the per se known throttling valve is of the type that is servoactuated, for example by a motor 13a.
  • the throttling valve 13 is chosen among the ones that have recently been introduced commercially and are servoactuated automatically, usually but not exclusively by means of an electric servomotor, and are controlled by electronic devices that allow to adjust the superheating according to the instantaneous requirements or convenience (known self-actuated mechanical valves instead do not allow automatic variation of the overheating value according to the operating conditions, because setting occurs by means of a manually operated screw).
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 is connected to said sensors 14, 15 and 16 and to the servoactuation of the throttling valve 13.
  • the method according to the invention utilizes the fact that the capacity of a refrigerating machine is, as a first approximation, proportional to the flow-rate of the evaporated refrigerating fluid, and that therefore if this flow-rate is decreased the overall refrigerating capacity is also decreased.
  • the method acts so as to decrease in a controlled fashion the flow-rate of refrigerating fluid introduced in the evaporator by way of the gradual throttling of the throttling valve, the evaporator is underfed and accordingly the refrigerating capacity of the machine is reduced.
  • the refrigerating fluid first changes state and is then superheated: i.e., to ensure the complete absence of a liquid phase (which is potentially harmful to the compressor) in output, the temperature of the vapor produced by the complete evaporation of the fluid is raised by a controlled extent with respect to the saturation temperature at evaporation.
  • a reduction in the mass flow of fluid fed to the evaporator leads to faster evaporation, i.e., to a reduction of the portion of surface used to change the state of the refrigerating fluid and to a consequent increase of the portion where the fluid is superheated.
  • the method according to the invention causes an increase in the superheating of the vapor that leaves the evaporator and obtains in cascade:
  • the saturation temperature at condensation By limiting indirectly the saturation temperature at condensation, one is conditioned by the minimum evaporation temperature that can be tolerated before the occurrence of undesirable effects or of effects that damage the process (for example, in a water refrigerator the evaporation temperature should never be lower than 0 °C due to the risk of freezing).
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 in addition to the normal functions of controlling the machine, measures the saturation temperature at evaporation (usually by means of a measurement of the corresponding pressure) and the temperature of the superheated vapor by way of the sensors 14 and 15, mounted proximate to the evaporator 10 or inside it, and calculates their difference, obtaining the value of the superheating; then it applies a regulation action to the servomotor 13a of the throttling valve 13, in order to keep the superheating at the optimum value (in normal conditions, the lowest value that is compatible with regulation stability, in order to ensure maximum refrigerating capacity).
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 further measures the saturation temperature at condensation (usually by means of a measurement of the corresponding pressure) by way of the sensor 16 mounted proximate to the condenser 12 or inside it.
  • the microprocessor 17 raises appropriately the value of the superheating by closing partially the throttling valve 13, with the result of underfeeding the evaporator 10 and of decreasing the refrigeration capacity, consequently also reducing the thermal power affecting the condenser 12 and ultimately the saturation temperature at condensation.
  • the saturation temperature at evaporation also tends to decrease with respect to the initial value, until it might drop below the preset threshold following a marked increase in superheating.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 is designed to check that the maximum threshold of the saturation temperature at condensation and the minimum threshold of the saturation temperature of evaporation are not passed, giving however priority to the latter and therefore preventing an excessive throttling of the throttling valve 13.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 would stop the compressor 11 in order to prevent unacceptable operating conditions.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 17 restores the superheating to lower values, opening the throttling valve 13 in a controlled fashion.
  • the method according to the present invention is in fact able to modulate simply, cheaply and functionally, by controlling the superheating, the refrigerating capacity absorbed by the evaporator according to the instantaneous requirements, so as to adapt in each instance to:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Ein Verfahren zur Begrenzung des Kondensationsdrucks einer Kühlmaschine, die einen Kompressor, einen Kondensator, ein Expansionsventil und einen Verdampfer umfasst, folgende Schritte umfassend:
    - Messung der Sättigungstemperatur bei Verdampfung,
    - Messung der Temperatur des überhitzten Dampfs,
    - Berechnung der Differenz zwischen der Sättigungstemperatur und der Temperatur des überhitzten Dampfs, wodurch der Wert der Überhitzung gewonnen wird,
    - Messung der Sättigungstemperatur oder des Drucks bei Kondensation,
    - Bestimmung eines Grenzwerts für die Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation,
    - Vergleich der gemessenen Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation mit dem Grenzwert,
    - wenn die Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation den Grenzwert überschreitet,
    Unterdosierung des Verdampfers (10) durch teilweises Schließen des Drosselventils (13), wodurch der Heizwert, der den Kondensator (12) beeinflusst, und folglich die Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation reduziert werden, wobei der Wert der Überhitzung erhöht wird und die Kühlkapazität reduziert wird, wenn die Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation den Grenzwert überschreitet, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es weiter den Schritt der Blockierung des normalen Betriebs der Kühlmaschine durch das Anhalten des Kompressors umfasst, wenn, trotz der Überhitzungs-Regelungswirkung oder als Folge davon, ein maximaler Sicherheits-Grenzwert der Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation oder ein minimaler Sicherheits-Grenzwert der Sättigungstemperatur bei Verdampfung über einen minimalen signifikanten Zeitraum überschritten bzw. unterschritten wird, und dadurch, dass, wenn die Sättigungstemperatur bei Kondensation den Grenzwert nicht überschreitet, das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst: Wiedereinstellung der Überhitzung auf niedrigere Werte durch kontrolliertes Öffnen des Drosselventils (13) und Regelung der Überhitzung am Verdampfer auf den Mindestwert, der mit Betriebsstabilität und -sicherheit kompatibel ist.
EP02014999A 2001-07-12 2002-07-10 Begrenzungsverfahren des Verflüssigungsdruckes in einer Kältemaschine Expired - Lifetime EP1275917B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPD20010173 2001-07-12
IT2001PD000173A ITPD20010173A1 (it) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Dispositivo per limitare la pressione di condensazione di una macchina frigorifera

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1275917A2 EP1275917A2 (de) 2003-01-15
EP1275917A3 EP1275917A3 (de) 2004-01-07
EP1275917B1 true EP1275917B1 (de) 2008-04-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02014999A Expired - Lifetime EP1275917B1 (de) 2001-07-12 2002-07-10 Begrenzungsverfahren des Verflüssigungsdruckes in einer Kältemaschine

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1275917B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE391272T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60225877T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2306746T3 (de)
IT (1) ITPD20010173A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4268931B2 (ja) 2004-12-30 2009-05-27 中山エンジニヤリング株式会社 冷蔵・冷凍設備及びその制御方法
EP1775533B1 (de) * 2005-10-13 2018-03-28 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kompressionskälteanlage
BE1021838B1 (nl) * 2014-05-09 2016-01-21 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Werkwijze en inrichting voor het koeldrogen van een gas
US10823474B2 (en) 2016-05-24 2020-11-03 Carrier Corporation Perturbation of expansion valve in vapor compression system

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523435A (en) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-18 Carrier Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling a refrigerant expansion valve in a refrigeration system
DE3832226A1 (de) * 1988-09-22 1990-04-12 Danfoss As Kaelteanlage und verfahren zur steuerung einer kaelteanlage
JPH03164658A (ja) * 1989-11-24 1991-07-16 Toshiba Corp 空気調和機
WO1994017346A1 (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-08-04 Parker-Hannifin Corporation System for controlling flow of working fluids
DE4303533A1 (de) * 1993-02-06 1994-08-11 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Begrenzung der Heißgastemperatur in einem Kältemittelkreislauf und Expansionsventil
US5806327A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-09-15 Lord; Richard G. Compressor capacity reduction
EP1050727A1 (de) * 1999-05-06 2000-11-08 Siemens Building Technologies AG Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung eines thermodynamischen Kreisprozesses
US6318101B1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-11-20 Carrier Corporation Method for controlling an electronic expansion valve based on cooler pinch and discharge superheat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE391272T1 (de) 2008-04-15
DE60225877D1 (de) 2008-05-15
DE60225877T2 (de) 2009-04-09
ES2306746T3 (es) 2008-11-16
ITPD20010173A1 (it) 2003-01-12
EP1275917A2 (de) 2003-01-15
EP1275917A3 (de) 2004-01-07

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