Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
  • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
  • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
  • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
  • H04W52/267—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the information rate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
  • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
  • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
  • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
  • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
  • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
  • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
  • H04W52/346—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
  • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
  • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power

Definitions

• the current invention relates to communications. More particularly, the present invention relates to method and apparatus for managing Medium Data Rate (MDR) radio frequency power in a CDMA communication system in order to improve the system's capacity and stability.
• MDR Medium Data Rate
• CDMA code division multiple access
• TDMA time division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• AM modulation schemes such as amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB)
• TDMA time division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• AM modulation schemes such as amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB)
• CDMA has significant advantages over these other techniques.
• the use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,901,307, entitled "SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS,” and assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
• CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is further disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,103,459, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM", assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
• the CDMA system can be designed to conform to the "TIA/EIA/IS-95 Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System", hereinafter referred to as the IS-95 standard.
• the CDMA system is a spread spectrum communication system.
• CDMA by its inherent nature of being a wideband signal, offers a form of frequency diversity by spreading the signal energy over a wide bandwidth. Therefore, frequency selective fading affects only a small part of the CDMA signal bandwidth.
• Space or path diversity is obtained by providing multiple signal paths through simultaneous links to a mobile user or remote station through two or more base stations.
• path diversity may be obtained by exploiting the multipath environment through spread spectrum processing by allowing signals arriving with different propagation delays to be received and processed separately. Examples of path diversity are illustrated in U.S. Patent No.
• Code division multiple access communications systems have been standardized in the United States in Telecommunications Industry Association TIA/EIA/IS-95-B, entitled "MOBILE STATION-BASE STATION COMPATIBILITY STANDARD FOR DUAL-MODE WIDEBAND SPREAD SPECTRUM CELLULAR SYSTEMS", incorporated by reference herein, and hereinafter referred to as IS-95-B.
• EIA/TIA IS-95-A with TSB-74 and ANSI J-STD-008 introduced standardized CDMA communication networks carrying basic rate voice and data traffic.
• EIA/TIA IS-95-B (IS-95-B) augmented this basic capability with support for MDR by allowing a base station to communicate with a mobile station using up to 8 parallel forward and up to 8 parallel reverse links.
• Radio Link Protocol is described in TIA/EIA/IS-707-A.8, entitled "DATA SERVICE OPTIONS FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS: RADIO LINK PROTOCOL TYPE 2", hereinafter referred to as RLP2, and incorporated herein by reference.
• RLP2 incorporates an error control protocol with frame retransmission procedures over the IS-95-B framing layer.
• RLP is of a class of error control protocols known as NAK-based ARQ protocols, which are well known in the art.
• the IS-707 RLP facilitates the transmission of a byte-stream, rather than a series of voice frames, through an IS-95-B communication system.
• IP datagrams for example, are typically converted into a Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP) byte stream before being presented as a byte stream to the RLP protocol layer.
• PPP Point-To-Point Protocol
• the stream of data transported by RLP is said to be a "featureless byte stream”.
• RLP was originally designed to satisfy the requirements of sending large datagrams through an IS-95 channel with wireline reliability. For example, if an IP datagram of 500 bytes were to be simply sent in IS-95-B frames carrying 20 bytes each, the IP datagram would fill 25 consecutive IS-95 frames. Without some kind of error control layer, all 25 of these RLP frames would have to be received without error in order for the IP datagram to be useful to higher protocol layers. On an IS-95 channel having a 1% frame error rate, the effective error rate of the IP datagram delivery would be (1 - (0.99) 25 ), or 22%. This is a very high error rate compared to most networks used to carry Internet Protocol traffic.
• RLP was designed as a link layer protocol that would decrease the error rate of IP traffic to be comparable to the error rate typical of a 10Base2 ethernet channel.
• the International Telecommunications Union recently requested the submission of proposed methods for providing high rate data and high-quality speech services over wireless communication channels.
• a first of these proposals was issued by the Telecommunications Industry Association, entitled "The cdma2000 ITU-R RTT Candidate submission.
• the Telecommunications Industry Association is currently developing the cdma2000 proposal as interim standard TIA/EIA/IS-2000, and hereinafter referred to as cdma2000.
• RLP2 was designed for use with IS-95-B.
• a new RLP designed for use with cdma2000 is described in TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-1.10, entitled "DATA SERVICE OPTIONS FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS: RADIO LINK PROTOCOL TYPE 3", hereinafter referred to as RLP3E, and incorporated herein by reference.
• the IS-95-A voice systems rely on the large number of uncorrelated users per cell per carrier and on the well-behaved Markov voice statistics for both radio-frequency (RF) capacity and RF stability.
• the large number of uncorrelated well-behaved users result in a forward link RF transmit power distribution that is predictably stationary and has a log-normal distribution. Without this forward link RF power predictability, forward link power control and mobile assisted handoff would likely become unstable.
• packet data traffic is not as well behaved. Data traffic often comes in bursts, resulting in relatively long periods of maximum rate transmission followed by relatively long periods of minimum rate transmission. With the advent of medium data rate in IS-95-B, these effects become even more pronounced.
• the multiple links of a medium rate user are correlated. Unlike uncorrelated voice links, the data links switch between maximum rate and minimum rate as well as power control together. This makes the forward link RF transmit power distribution decidedly non-stationary and non-log-normal, and, consequently, potentially unstable.
• the present invention is directed to a novel method and apparatus for achieving optimum capacity and stability in IS-95-B based medium data rate systems.
• a constant portion of a total available transmission power of a base station is allocated to each user.
• a data are transmitted to each user at this allocated transmission power and a data rate is varied in accordance with the user's channel condition.
• a constant portion of a total available transmission power of a base station is allocated to a power for data transmission on a fundamental forward channel and a power for transmission on supplemental forward channels.
• Each user is allocated one fundamental channel. Rate of transmission of data to a user is varied by allocating supplemental forward channels based on the RF conditions of a communication link and the required data rate of each of the user.
• the base station transmitting on a fixed power is allowed to gradually adjust this fixed power to allow changes in a long term data throughput.
• FIG. 1 is a histogram illustrating a power allocation to a user.
• FIG. 2 is a histogram illustrating a power allocation to a base station.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a terrestrial wireless communication system.
• FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a base station in accordance with one embodiment.
• FIGS. 5A-D show exemplary embodiments of a flowchart in accordance with one embodiment.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention that uses a data transmission at constant power level per user, and variable a data rate, depending on the user's RF link condition. This is a viable option because unlike voice service, which require a guaranteed minimum bandwidth and maximum delay, packet data users have less stringent Grade of Service (GoS) requirements.
• a packet data call in addition to being granted one or more forward code channels, is also granted a fixed total power.
• FIG. la shows a total power allocated for transmission at medium data rate P TMDR . This power satisfies Equation 1:
• FIG. lb shows allocation of the total power P mm between a power available for fundamental forward channel P FU and a power available for M supplemental forward channels P su .
• the allocation is executed in a manner satisfying the following equation: M,
• P ro is the total power for user i, and M ; is number of supplemental forward channels for user i.
• the call is initiated by the user on the fundamental forward channel at a low enough data rate to ensure that the fundamental forward channel power control variation does not exceed the allocated user power P FU .
• the power level of a supplemental forward channel P su is then set based on the fundamental channel power P FU . Equation (2) is then utilized to determine the maximum number of supplemental channels that can be used. Because the forward channel power control acts only on the fundamental forward channel, Equation (2) and the maximum number of supplemental channels is used to adjust the power level of a supplemental forward channel P su .
• RLP Radio Link Protocol
• the base station allows for time sharing of the forward link medium data rate power P TMDR .
• the base station assigns a unique fundamental forward channel to each medium rate packet data user.
• the base station assigns a number from zero to maximum number of allocable supplemental forward channel(s) to each of the medium rate packet data users.
• the maximum number of allocable supplemental forward channels per user is seven.
• the supplemental forward channel(s) may be assigned to multiple users at the same time.
• FIG. 2 illustrates power allocation in this situation.
• FIG. 2a shows a total power allocated for transmission of medium data rate P TMDR . This power satisfies Equation 3:
• P Tui is a total power allocated to user i
• N is number of users.
• FIG. 2b shows an allocation of the total power for transmission of medium data rate P TMDR between the supplemental and fundamental forward channels. Since N users were assumed, the power allocated to fundamental forward channels P TF comprises a sum of the powers available for the fundamental forward channel P FU for each user, thus:
• the right column of the histogram of FIG. 2b illustrates the power allocated for the supplemental forward channels P ⁇ s .
• the M supplemental forward channels CH i are available to all the users on an as-needed basis.
• the user is allocated additional channel(s) from the power for the supplemental forward channels P ⁇ s .
• a user cannot utilize more supplemental forward channels than were assigned to the user.
• Transmitting with "constant user power” and "shared supplemental forward channels” reduces the base station transmit power variation due to per user power control and per user data activity. However, it does not eliminate short-term variations in transmission power due to changes in data activity and long-term variations in transmission power caused by changes in demand for data.
• the variation in transmission power due to changes in data activity is eliminated by the base station transmitting at a "fixed" power level by sending, on unused forward channels, power equal to the difference between power required for data transmission and the "fixed" power level. Because users may have different frame offsets, the extra power sent must be adjusted every power control group. For explanation of power control refer to the aforementioned IS- 95 standard.
• the variations due to demand for data are mitigated by adjusting the "fixed” power level.
• the base station decreases the amount of "fixed” power allocated for the data services.
• the change in the "fixed” power happens gradually to prevent disturbing the power control method.
• the "fixed" transmit power level is controlled by an outer power control loop. This outer power control loop adjusts the fixed transmit power level such that the fixed level does not saturate too often. An additional margin in such adjustment over the exact amount of "fixed” power allows for the arrival of new users into the base station.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a terrestrial wireless communication system, represented by a base-station (BS) 302 and a remote- station (RS) 304, communicating over a forward link 306, carrying information from BS 302 to RS 304, and a reverse link 308, carrying information from RS 304 to BS 302.
• Each link 306, 308 comprises one fundamental forward channel and at least one supplemental forward channel.
• the RS 304 can be any number of wireless communication devices including, but not being limited, to cellular phones, wireless local loop phones, personal digital assistant, and wireless modem.
• FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a transmitting station.
• the information to be transmitted is generated by a data source 402, and is provided to a memory 404.
• Memory 404 serves as a buffer, preventing data loss when data source 402 provides more data than can be transmitted.
• the data from the memory 404 is provided to a de-multiplexer 406, which de-multiplexes the data in accordance with a signal 408 provided by control circuitry 410.
• the demultiplexed data are provided to channel elements 412a through 412h, that partition the data, CRC encode the data, and insert code tail bits as required by the system.
• Channel elements 412a through 412h then convolutionally encode the data, CRC parity bits, and code tail bits, interleave the encoded data, scramble the interleaved data with a user's long pseudonoise (PN) sequence, and cover the scrambled data with a Walsh sequence.
• Channel elements 412a through 412h then provide the covered data to spreaders 414a through 414h, respectively, which spread the data with short in-phase pseudonoise (PNj) and quadrature-phase pseudonoise (PNQ) sequences.
• PNj short in-phase pseudonoise
• PNQ quadrature-phase pseudonoise
• the spread data are then filtered in filters 416a through 416h and the filtered data are provided to gain stages 418a through 418h, which scale the data in response to signals 420a through 420h from control circuitry 410.
• the control circuitry 410 can be any device capable of performing a function of producing signals 420a through 420h. Such device includes, e.g., a programmable logic array, application specific circuit, a digital signal processor, and the like.
• the scaled data are summed in summer 422, and provided to a modulator 424, which upconverts the data with in-phase and quadrature-phase sinusoids.
• the upconverted signal is provided to a gain stage 426 for scaling.
• the scaled signal is filtered and amplified in block 430.
• the signal is transmitted over the forward channel 306 if the fransrrtitting station is a BS, or reverse channel 308 if the transmitting station is a RS, through an antenna 432.
• a feedback signal from a receiving station (not shown) is received by an antenna 434, and is provided to a receiver 436.
• Receiver 436 filters, amplifies, downconverts, quadrature demodulates, and digitizes the received signal.
• the digitized signal is provided to a demodulator 438, which despreads the data with the short PNj and PNQ sequences, and decovers the despread data with a user long PN sequence.
• the descrambled (or demodulated) data is provided to decoder 440, which performs the inverse of the encoding performed within channel element 412.
• the decoded data is provided to data sink 442, and the control circuitry 410.
• Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of accomplishing stability and capacity control in accordance with one embodiment.
• the process starts in step 500, in which a transmitting station is initialized into a state of readiness to provide services to users.
• the initialization process may include initial allocation of the total transmit power of the transmitting station.
• the total transmit power is permanently allocated between voice services and data services.
• the allocation of the total transmit power dynamically changes between voice services and data services. For the purposes of an explanation of the power allocation, it is assumed that the transmitting station supports several voice calls and several data users.
• step 502 the transmitting station receives a request for data services, which is forwarded to step 504.
• Step 504 represents an exemplary embodiment of a transmission scheduling method.
• Step 5042 makes a decision whether the request should be approved or not.
• the request is forwarded for further transmission schedule processing in step 5044.
• the re-scheduled request is forwarded to step 506.
• step 5042 If the request is approved in step 5042, the processing continues in step 506.
• Step 506 makes an inquiry whether a power sufficient to support additional user(s) is available. If the response is negative, the flow diagram enters step 508.
• step 508 the function of step 508 is depicted in Fig. 5a.
• step 50802 an inquiry is made whether to reallocate power from voice services to data services. If the response is positive, a reallocation is carried out in step 50804, and the flow continues in step 506 of Fig. 5. Referring back to Fig. 5a, if the response is negative, further inquiry is made in step 50806, whether a maximum transmission power of the BS has been reached. If the response is positive, no power is available, and the request is forwarded to processing in step 50404. If the response is negative, the BS will allocate portion of the total transmit power to the data services in step 50808, and the flow continues in step 506 of Fig. 5.
• step 508 is depicted in Fig. 5b. Because no sharing with power allocated for voice services is allowed, inquiry is made in step 50810 whether a maximum transmission power of the BS has been reached. If the response is positive, no power is available, and the request is forwarded to processing in step 5044 of Fig. 5. Referring back to Fig. 5b, if the response is negative, the BS will allocate portion of the total transmit power to the data services in step 50812, and the flow continues in step 506 of Fig. 5.
• step 510 When the response to the sufficiency of power is positive in step 504, the flow diagram enters step 510.
• Fig. 5c illustrates the function of step 510 in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention not incorporating the concept of supplemental forward channels sharing.
• data service user is allocated total user power P TO , which comprises fundamental forward channel power P FU and supplemental forward channel power P su in step 51002.
• P TO total user power
• step 51004 a call is initiated on the fundamental forward channel at a low enough data rate to ensure that the fundamental forward channel forward power control variation does not exceed the allocated power P FU .
• Step 51006 performs a comparison of the requested data rate and the transmitted data rate.
• the power level of the empty supplemental forward channel P su is adjusted in step 51008 to ensure that total power P ⁇ u is correct, i.e., Equation (1) is satisfied.
• additional supplemental forward channels are utilized in step 51010. The power level of the supplemental forward channels P su is adjusted to ensure that total power P ⁇ u is correct, i.e., Equation (1) is satisfied.
• Fig. 5d illustrates the function of step 510 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention incorporating the concept of supplemental forward channels sharing.
• the data service user is allocated fundamental forward channel power P ⁇ in step 51012.
• a call is initiated on the fundamental forward channel at a low enough data rate to ensure that that the fundamental forward channel forward power control variation does not exceed the allocated power P FU .
• Step 51016 performs a comparison of the requested data rate and the transmitted data rate. If the requested data rate is lower or equal than the transmitted data rate, the power level of the supplemental forward channels P su is adjusted in step 51018, to ensure that total power P ⁇ u is correct, i.e., Equation (4) is satisfied.
• additional supplemental forward channels are assigned from the pool of supplemental forward channels in step 51020.
• the power level of the supplemental forward channels P su is adjusted to ensure that total power P ⁇ u is correct, i.e., Equation (4) is satisfied.

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• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-05-11 EP EP01937334A patent/EP1281244A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-05-11 AU AU2001263082A patent/AU2001263082A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-05-11 WO PCT/US2001/015382 patent/WO2001089099A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-05-11 JP JP2001585412A patent/JP2004501549A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-05-11 CN CNA018123236A patent/CN1636327A/zh active Pending
  • 2001-05-11 KR KR1020027015116A patent/KR100854201B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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