EP1281785A2 - Acier inoxydable austénique pour déformation à froid pouvant être suivi d'un usinage - Google Patents
Acier inoxydable austénique pour déformation à froid pouvant être suivi d'un usinage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1281785A2 EP1281785A2 EP02291881A EP02291881A EP1281785A2 EP 1281785 A2 EP1281785 A2 EP 1281785A2 EP 02291881 A EP02291881 A EP 02291881A EP 02291881 A EP02291881 A EP 02291881A EP 1281785 A2 EP1281785 A2 EP 1281785A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- composition
- nickel
- content
- austenitic stainless
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
Definitions
- the invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel for deformation at cold type cold type.
- Steels that contain a minimum of 11% of chrome are said to be stainless and have good corrosion resistance.
- Steels austenitic stainless steels also contain nickel, which gives them interesting properties of implementation, especially in cold processing.
- One of the most commonly used austenitic steels is a steel whose composition is as follows: C ⁇ 0.08, Si ⁇ 1%, Mn ⁇ 2%, S ⁇ 03%, P ⁇ 0.045%, 18 ⁇ Cr20%, 8 ⁇ Ni ⁇ 12%, which lends itself well to cold processing, but is limited in the field of deformation due to its work hardening coefficient relatively high, defining a significant consolidation due to the formation of hardening martensite.
- Another austenitic stainless steel of the following composition is known: C ⁇ 0.12%; If ⁇ 1%; Mn ⁇ 2%; S ⁇ 0.03%; P ⁇ 0.045%; 17 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 19%; 10 ⁇ Ni ⁇ 13%, which provides a solution to the problem of work hardening due to a relatively high nickel content, which reduces the formation of work hardening martensite.
- the presence of nickel at these contents also limits the elongation properties of the steel, moreover, this steel is expensive given the high nickel content.
- Copper acts like nickel by limiting the formation hardening martensite.
- This higher content copper however, provides good deformability, or even decrease the overall nickel content to around 8%.
- Such a composition steel is used in particular for cold stamping long steel products stainless.
- This composition is recommended in particular for striking applications at cold, for which it offers a low work hardening coefficient thanks to very high nickel and manganese contents.
- document JP 2001011579A presenting the following composition: 0.05% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%; 6% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 15%; If ⁇ 0.5%; S ⁇ 0.03%; 10% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 20%; 0.04% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 0.3%; Mo ⁇ 3%; Cu ⁇ 3%; Al ⁇ 0.1%; 0.05% ⁇ N ⁇ 0.3%, whose proportion of nitrogen plus carbon is relatively high as in the composition of the previous document.
- the invention aims to provide an austenitic stainless steel for cold deformation which can be followed by machining with properties mechanical improvements compared to standard stainless steel austenitics, very interesting properties for transformation applications at cold, and in particular in cold striking,
- the carbon is controlled at a lower content 0.030% to limit the formation and hardening of martensite hardening. In the same way, and for the same reason, it is necessary to check the sum of the carbon and nitrogen contents to a value lower than 0.07%.
- the nitrogen content is controlled to a content of between 0.02% ⁇ N ⁇ 0.060% and preferably 0.02% ⁇ N ⁇ 0.04% to stabilize the austenite and guarantee a hot ferrite content ⁇ 15%.
- the nickel content was lowered between 4.55% and 7% and preferably around 5%.
- the lowering of the Ni content is compensated by a manganese content of between 5% and 9% and preferably at around 8%.
- the chromium content guarantees good corrosion resistance, it is chosen between 15% and 18%.
- Copper is present in the composition to stabilize the austenite. It is limited, as specified in the prior art, to a content of less than 4%. We prefer a content greater than 2% for better stabilization of the austenite.
- Sulfur is limited to a content of less than 0.01% and preferably to a content of less than 0.002% in order to limit the formation of sulphides of manganese, detrimental to hot processing and to corrosion resistance.
- the composition also contains molybdenum at a content less than 0.8% and phosphorus at a content less than 0.030%.
- a composition of a steel 1 according to the invention was compared with a so-called reference, austenitic, standard steel, the compositions of which are presented in Table 1 below: %VS %Yes % Mn %Or % Cr % Mo % Cu %NOT % S Md3 0 % ⁇ Steel 1 0,023 0.36 8.1 5.1 15.0 0.30 3.3 0,035 0,001 - 71.6 Steel Ref 0,029 0.33 1.8 8.1 17.2 0.29 3.2 0,027 0,002 - 59.3
- the steel according to the invention has good corrosion resistance, comparable to that of standard type 304 steel.
- steel according to the invention has a non-magnetic character in the annealed state, and weakly magnetic in the hardened state, in weldability, a weldability equivalent to that of a standard type 304 steel and in machinability, machinability similar to that of a standard type 304 steel.
- the steel of the invention is commercially attractive by using less expensive alloying elements than nickel, and retains a simplicity of implementation works at all stages of its development, in particular thanks to a structure hot and mechanical properties compatible with an elaboration in standard production of standard austenitic stainless steels.
- the steel of the invention lends itself well to the production of parts comprising a first cold stamping operation followed by finishing machining.
- the area of its use is potentially, fixation as by example, screws, bolts, nuts, threaded rods, and all special parts implemented by cold stamping, for example, fittings, automotive parts such as fasteners, air bags, support and body probes or parts for mass production connectors such as example, electrical hardware parts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
qui apporte une solution au problème d'écrouissabilité du fait d'une teneur en nickel relativement élevée, ce qui diminue la formation de martensite d'écrouissage. Cependant, la présence de nickel à ces teneurs limite aussi les propriétés d'allongement de l'acier, de plus, cet acier est cher compte tenu de la teneur élevée en nickel.
- le brevet FR2229776 revendique un acier de composition suivante : 3 < Ni <
15% ; 6% < Mn < 16% ; 10% < Cr < 25% ; Si > 2%.
L'intérêt ce cet acier, concerne la résistance à l'abrasion. - le brevet US3, 910,788 divulgue un acier de composition suivante: 1% < Si < 2.5% ; 1.5% < Mn < 5% ; 1% < Cu < 4% ; 6 % < Ni < 9% ; 15% < Cr < 19% ; N < 0.03% ; C+N < 0.04%.
- les documents japonais J 63060051 et J63060050 proposent tous deux la composition d'un acier qui est la suivante : C < 0.15% ; Si < 1.5% ; 0.5% < Mn < 6% ; 17% < Cr < 23% ; 10% < Ni < 15% ; 0.1% < Cu < 3% ; 0.02% < N < 0.35% ; avec une stabilisation avec les éléments Ti+Nb+V. Les hautes teneurs en carbone et azote présentées font que des duretés élevées sont rapidement atteintes par transformation à froid, ce qui est rédhibitoire pour le domaine de la frappe à froid.
- le document US 3 753 693 présente une composition d'acier telle que : 17 < Cr < 19% ; 7% < Ni <10% ; 11 % < Mn < 13% ; 0.01% < N < 0.07% ; C < 0.06% ; Si < 1 % ; Mo < 2% ; Cu < 1.5%.
- le document JP 55 031 173 présente une nuance de composition suivante : C < 0.02% ; 0.04% < N < 0.1% ; 2.5% < Cu < 4% ; 6% < Ni < 8% ; 17% < Cr < 19% et 3% < Mn < 4% ; S < 0.003%.
- le document US 4 911 883, concerne un acier inoxydable pour transformation à froid, de composition suivante : C < 0.04% ; Si < 0.6% ; 6% < Ni < 8% ; 2.2% < Mn < 3.8% ; 17% < Cr < 19% ; 2.5% < Cu < 4% ; S < 0.002% ; N < 0.010%.
- le document WO 00/26428 traite d'une composition comprenant : 0.025% < C < 0.15% ; 4% < Mn < 12% ; Si < 1% ; P < 0.2% ; S < 0.1% ; 15.5% < Cr < 17.5%; 1% < Ni < 4% ; 0.25% < Mo < 1.5% ; 1.5% < Cu < 4% ; W < 1 % ; Co < 1 % ; 0.05% < N < 0.3%; respectant les relations Cr%+Mo% < 17.75% et Cr%+3.3Mo%+13N% > 20.5%. Cette composition comprend des teneurs en Ni basses.
- des nuances très alliées, pour des applications très spécifiques,
- des nuances à azote et ou carbone à caractéristiques mécaniques élevées,
- des nuances moins allées, avec des niveaux de nickel qui restent élevés, et donc, avec des niveaux de manganèse relativement bas, ce qui ne présente pas d'évolution très marquée par rapport aux nuances classiques, aussi bien en terme de propriétés de mise en oeuvre, qu'en termes de réduction des coûts.
- la composition comprend, en outre, du bore à une teneur inférieure à 50.10-4%,
- l'indice Md30, défini par la relation : Md30 = 551 - 462(C%+N%) - 9,2Si% - 20 Mn% - 13,7 Cr% - 29 Ni% - 29 Cu% - 18,5 Mo% est inférieur à - 60.
- le taux de ferrite après réchauffage de la structure brute de solidification à 1240°C est inférieure à 10%, en satisfaisant la relation suivante : % Ferrite = 0,034 x2 + 0,284x - 0,347, dans laquelle, x = 6,903[ Cr éq - Ni éq / 1,029
- 6,998], avec Cr éq = Cr% et Ni éq = Ni% + 20,04 C% + 21,31 N% + 0,46 Cu% + 0,08 Mn%.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, il a été comparé une composition d'un l'acier 1 selon l'invention avec d'un acier dit de référence, austénitique, standard dont les compositions sont présentées sur le tableau 1 suivant :
| %C | %Si | %Mn | %Ni | %Cr | %Mo | %Cu | %N | %S | Md3 0 | %α | |
| Acier 1 | 0,023 | 0,36 | 8,1 | 5,1 | 15,0 | 0,30 | 3,3 | 0,035 | 0,001 | - 71,6 | |
| Acier Ref | 0,029 | 0,33 | 1,8 | 8,1 | 17,2 | 0,29 | 3,2 | 0,027 | 0,002 | - 59,3 |
- L'acier 1 selon l'invention proposée ne présente pas de fissuration.
- L'acier de référence présente des amorces de rupture ductile aux l'angles de la croix.
Claims (4)
- Acier inoxydable austénitique pour déformation à froid pouvant être suivi d'un usinage, caractérisé en la composition pondérale suivante :carbone < 0,030%0,3% < silicium < 1%5% < manganèse < 9%4,55% < nickel < 7%15% < chrome < 18%molybdène < 0,8%2% < cuivre < 4%0,02% < azote < 0,060%soufre < 0,01%phosphore < 0,030%
- Acier selon la revendication, 1 caractérisé en ce que la composition comprend, en outre, du bore à une teneur inférieure à 50.10-4%.
- Acier selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'indice Md30, défini par la relation : Md30 = 551 - 462(C%+N%) - 9,2Si% - 20 Mn% - 13,7 Cr% - 29 Ni% - 29 Cu% - 18,5 Mo% est inférieur à - 60.
- Acier selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le taux de ferrite après réchauffage de la structure brute de solidification à 1240°C est inférieure à 10%, en satisfaisant la relation suivante : % Ferrite = 0,034 x2 + 0,284x - 0,347, dans laquelle, x = 6,903[ Cr éq - Ni éq / 1,029 - 6,998], avec Cr éq = Cr% et Ni éq = Ni% + 20,04 C% + 21,31 N% + 0,46 Cu% + 0,08 Mn%.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0110070 | 2001-07-27 | ||
| FR0110070A FR2827876B1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 | 2001-07-27 | Acier inoxydable austenitique pour deformation a froid pouvant etre suivi d'un usinage |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1281785A2 true EP1281785A2 (fr) | 2003-02-05 |
| EP1281785A3 EP1281785A3 (fr) | 2003-05-14 |
| EP1281785B1 EP1281785B1 (fr) | 2013-01-09 |
Family
ID=8865996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02291881A Expired - Lifetime EP1281785B1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 | 2002-07-25 | Acier inoxydable austénique pour déformation à froid pouvant être suivi d'un usinage |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030021716A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1281785B1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20030011628A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2395628C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2402763T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2827876B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02007294A (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW554053B (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2813906A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-17 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
| CN109136757A (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | 中碳冷镦钢线材和中碳冷镦钢线材的生产方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060287477A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-21 | Crawford Emmett D | Greenhouses comprising polyester compositions formed from 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4- cyclohexanedimethanol |
| JP4907151B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2012-03-28 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 高圧水素ガス用オ−ステナイト系高Mnステンレス鋼 |
| CN100464000C (zh) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-02-25 | 江阴康瑞不锈钢制品有限公司 | 奥氏体冷镦不锈钢及其钢丝的制造方法 |
| JP5395805B2 (ja) | 2007-11-29 | 2014-01-22 | エイティーアイ・プロパティーズ・インコーポレーテッド | オーステナイト系のリーンステンレス鋼 |
| BRPI0820024B1 (pt) | 2007-12-20 | 2018-06-12 | Ati Properties Llc | Aço inoxidável austenítico pobre resistente à corrosão e artigo de fabricação incluindo este |
| US8337749B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-12-25 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Lean austenitic stainless steel |
| CA2706473A1 (fr) | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Acier inoxydable austenitique a faible teneur en nickel contenant des elements stabilisants |
| SE533635C2 (sv) | 2009-01-30 | 2010-11-16 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Austenitisk rostfri stållegering med låg nickelhalt, samt artikel därav |
| JP6259621B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2018-01-10 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 冷間加工性、耐食性に優れた超非磁性軟質ステンレス鋼線材及びその製造方法、鋼線、鋼線コイル並びにその製造方法 |
| CN103447348A (zh) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-18 | 张家港市胜达钢绳有限公司 | 一种不锈钢线材的制造方法 |
| JP2016069680A (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-09 | 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 | ステンレス鋼の制振処理 |
| EP3266898B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-06 | 2020-12-30 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation | Acier inoxydable austénitique à résistance élevée ayant d'excellentes caractéristiques de résistance à la fragilisation par l'hydrogène et son procédé de production |
| US11149324B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2021-10-19 | Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation | High strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, method for manufacturing the same, and hydrogen equipment used for high-pressure hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen environment |
| CN113265585B (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-02-24 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 一种汽车安全气囊用不锈钢及其生产方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3615365A (en) * | 1968-04-18 | 1971-10-26 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Austenitic stainless steel |
| US4568387A (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-02-04 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Austenitic stainless steel for low temperature service |
| US4814140A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1989-03-21 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel alloy |
| JPH04272158A (ja) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-28 | Nippon Stainless Steel Co Ltd | 加工硬化性の少ない非磁性ステンレス鋼 |
| US5286310A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-02-15 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Low nickel, copper containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel |
| KR950009223B1 (ko) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-08-18 | 포항종합제철주식회사 | 프레스 성형성, 열간가공성 및 고온내산화성이 우수한 오스테나이트계 스테인레스강 |
| JPH08283915A (ja) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-10-29 | Nkk Corp | 加工性に優れたオーステナイトステンレス鋼 |
| US5788922A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-08-04 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Free-machining austenitic stainless steel |
| FR2766843B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-03 | Usinor | Acier inoxydable austenitique comportant une tres faible teneur en nickel |
| JP4207137B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 2009-01-14 | 日立金属株式会社 | 高硬度高耐食ステンレス鋼 |
| FR2776306B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-18 | 2000-05-19 | Ugine Savoie Sa | Acier inoxydable austenitique pour l'elaboration notamment de fil |
| ATE235369T1 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2003-04-15 | Aster | Verbunddracht mit einem kern aus kohlenstoffstahl und einer aussenschicht aus einem rostfreiem stahl |
-
2001
- 2001-07-27 FR FR0110070A patent/FR2827876B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-11 TW TW091115433A patent/TW554053B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-24 CA CA2395628A patent/CA2395628C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-24 KR KR1020020043648A patent/KR20030011628A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-25 US US10/201,968 patent/US20030021716A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-25 ES ES02291881T patent/ES2402763T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-25 EP EP02291881A patent/EP1281785B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-26 MX MXPA02007294A patent/MXPA02007294A/es active IP Right Grant
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2813906A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-17 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
| WO2014198466A3 (fr) * | 2013-06-12 | 2015-05-07 | Nivarox-Far S.A. | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
| RU2647756C2 (ru) * | 2013-06-12 | 2018-03-19 | Ниварокс-Фар С.А. | Компонент часового механизма |
| US11079722B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2021-08-03 | Nivarox-Far S.A. | Component for a timepiece movement |
| CN109136757A (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | 中碳冷镦钢线材和中碳冷镦钢线材的生产方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2395628A1 (fr) | 2003-01-27 |
| US20030021716A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| FR2827876A1 (fr) | 2003-01-31 |
| TW554053B (en) | 2003-09-21 |
| MXPA02007294A (es) | 2003-09-04 |
| CA2395628C (fr) | 2010-11-23 |
| FR2827876B1 (fr) | 2004-06-18 |
| KR20030011628A (ko) | 2003-02-11 |
| EP1281785A3 (fr) | 2003-05-14 |
| EP1281785B1 (fr) | 2013-01-09 |
| ES2402763T3 (es) | 2013-05-08 |
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