Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
  • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
  • C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1981—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an additive composition comprising flow improvers, polyolefins and organic acids, and their use for improving the cold flow and storage properties of crude oils.
• Crude oils, residual oils, oil distillates, such as diesel fuel, mineral oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, etc. contain, depending on their origin or the way in which they are processed, more or less large proportions of n-paraffins and asphaltenes, which pose particular problems because they reduce the temperature crystallize or agglomerate and can lead to deterioration in the flow properties of these oils. This deterioration in the flow properties of the oils is called “stagnation" of the oil.
• the pour point is the standardized term for the temperature at which an oil, e.g. mineral oil, diesel fuel or hydraulic fluid just stops flowing when it cools down. However, the pour point is not identical to the so-called pour point.
• the pour point is an unspecific term, not covered by standards, for the temperature at which a solid begins to flow under given measuring conditions.
• the deterioration in the flow properties can then block containers, pipelines, valves or pumps, for example during transport, storage and / or processing of these oils, in particular with oils containing paraffin, which are difficult to inhibit.
• paraffin precipitation requires increased pressures when restarting pipelines (yield point).
• WAT wax appearance temperature
• the intrinsic pour point of these oils are above the ambient temperature, in particular at 20 ° C. or above.
• Mineral oil distillates which contain, as pour point depressants, a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic Ci to C 30 monocarboxylic acid, the copolymer having an average molecular weight of 4,000 to Has 60,000 and contains 40 to 95 wt .-% ethylene.
• DE-A-20 57 168 discloses a method for reducing the flow of friction in oily liquids flowing through lines and a shear-resistant additive which is effective in low concentrations and with which the friction losses in oily liquids can be reduced.
• a small amount of at least one high molecular weight polymer which is derived from at least one ⁇ -olefin having 6 to 20 C atoms (polyolefin), is added to the liquids.
• EP-A-0 176 641 discloses that the properties of poly- ⁇ -olefins as flow accelerators for liquid hydrocarbons can be improved by carrying out the polymerization of the ⁇ -olefins by the Ziegler process in the presence of a dialkylaluminum halide and a trialkylaluminum compound.
• GB-A-2 305437 discloses pour point depressants for crude oils. These include a reaction product of an alkylphenol with an average of more than 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, with an aldehyde with 1 to 12 carbon atoms. These pour point depressants are suitable for the treatment of crude oils that have a pour point of over 4 ° C.
• EP-A-0 311 452 discloses additives for improving the cold flow behavior of fuel and lubricating oils. These additives include an alkylphenol-aldehyde resin with a molecular weight of at least 3000, which has 6 to 50 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and shows a specified distribution of the carbon chain lengths of the alkyl radicals.
• US 3,735,770 discloses a process for improving the flowability of crude oils in the cold. This process involves the addition of copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, or of alkylphenols to the oil.
• EP-A-0 857 776 discloses mixtures of ethylene copolymers, alkylphenol Formaldehyde resins and optionally paraffin dispersants (polar nitrogen-containing compounds) to improve the low-temperature properties of mineral oils. However, these mixtures do not show sufficient effectiveness in paraffin-rich crude oils with long-chain paraffins.
• a disadvantage of the known flow improvers for crude and residue oils is that in many cases the effectiveness is still insufficient and the resulting high use concentrations, in particular in the case of oils with a high proportion of long-chain n-paraffins with more than 30 carbon atoms.
• the known flow improvers also promote sedimentation of the failed, specifically heavier wax crystals by lowering the viscosity of the additive oil.
• High-molecular poly- ⁇ -olefins can improve the flow behavior of oils, but they do not improve their cold behavior.
• Another disadvantage is the high intrinsic pour points of the flow improvers, which require heating and / or a very strong dilution for the metering.
• Additives are therefore sought which have improved properties as pour point depressants, i.e. which are still effective even at low doses and have a lower intrinsic pour point in comparison with pour point depressants of the prior art at the same high concentration and are effective with a large number of oils, in particular with paraffin-containing oils.
• the additive is said to lower the cloud point, reduce the viscosity and yield point of the oil in the cold, and delay or prevent sedimentation of the failed wax crystals.
• the invention thus relates to additives for improving the flowability of mineral oils
• A) 1 to 40 wt .-% of at least one copolymer which is oil-soluble and a Cold flow improver for mineral oils is selected from
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent H or alkyl radicals having 1 to 30 C atoms, but not both radicals simultaneously being H, n being an integer from 3 to 50, and R 3 being H or an alkyl radical having 1 is up to 4 carbon atoms, and
• R 18 is C 6 - to C 40 -alkyl, C 6 - to C 40 -alkenyl, or one Alk (en) ylaryl radical which has 1, 2, 3 or 4 aromatic rings and 1, 2, 3 or 4 alkyl or alkenyl radicals each having 6 to 40 C atoms.
• the invention further relates to mineral oils which contain the described mixtures of constituents A), B) and C).
• Another object of the invention is the use of this composition to improve the cold flow properties and storage stability of mineral oils.
• the mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 2 to 30% by weight, especially 5 to 25% by weight of copolymer A), 25 to 70% by weight, especially 30 to 60% by weight of poly- ⁇ -olefin B) and 5 up to 65 wt .-%, especially 10 to 50 wt .-% organic acid C).
• the vinyl esters of component A1) are generally those of the formula 2
• R 4 CiC ⁇ o-alkyl preferably Ci-Ci ⁇ -alkyl, especially Ci-Ci 2 alkyl.
• R 4 represents a neoalkyl radical with 7 to 11 carbon atoms, in particular with 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
• Suitable vinyl esters include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ester, vinyl laurate, neononane, neodecanoic and neoundecanoic acid vinyl esters. Vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate are particularly preferred.
• the acrylic esters of component A1) are preferably those of the formula 3
• R 5 is hydrogen or methyl and R 6 is -C 8 alkyl, preferably C 2 -C 6 alkyl.
• Suitable acrylic esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n- and iso-propyl acrylate, n-, iso- and tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, as well as corresponding esters of methacrylic acid.
• the copolymers of constituent A1) can also comprise up to 5 mol% of structural units of alkyl vinyl ether and / or olefins.
• alkyl vinyl ethers are preferably compounds of the formula 4
• R 7 CrC 30 alkyl preferably CrC ⁇ 6 alkyl, especially C 1 -C 2 alkyl.
• the olefins are preferably alkenes having 3 to 30, in particular 3 to 10, carbon atoms.
• Suitable olefins are, for example, propene, butene, isobutene, pentene, hexene, isohexene, diisobutylene and norbornene.
• alkyl radicals R 4 , R 6 and R 7 can carry minor amounts of functional groups such as amino, amido, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, keto, carbonyl, carboxy, ester, sulfo groups or halogen atoms, as long as these do not significantly impair the hydrocarbon character of the radicals mentioned.
• the molecular weight of the copolymers of constituent A1) is preferably between 1000 and 100,000 units, which, according to DIN 53735 at 190 ° C. and a contact force of 2.16 kg, corresponds to MFI values between 0.1 and 1000 g / 10 min.
• the ethylene content in copolymer A1) is between 80 and 96.5, preferably between 84 and 95 mol%.
• Ingredient A1) is preferably a higher molecular weight variant of what is known as flow improver, which middle distillates are often added to improve the cold flow properties.
• flow improver middle distillates are often added to improve the cold flow properties.
• all known copolymers or terpolymers and mixtures thereof can be used as copolymer A), which on their own are the Improve the cold flow properties of mineral oils or mineral oil distillates. Examples of suitable copolymers or terpolymers are:
• ethylene / vinyl acetate ethylene / vinyl propionate, Ethylene / versatic acid vinyl ester, ethylene / vinyl acetate, substitute acid vinyl ester, ethylene / ethyl acetate / diisobutylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate 4-methylpentene and ethylene / vinyl acetate / isobutylene copolymers.
• the copolymers A1) are prepared by known processes (see, for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 5th edition, vol. A 21, pages 305 to 413). Polymerization in solution, in suspension, in the gas phase and high-pressure bulk polymerization are suitable. High-pressure bulk polymerization is preferably used, which is carried out at pressures of 50 to 400 MPa, preferably 100 to 300 MPa and temperatures of 50 to 350 ° C., preferably 100 to 300 ° C. The reaction of the comonomers is initiated by radical initiators (radical chain initiators). This class of substances includes e.g.
• Oxygen, hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxidicarbonate, t-butyl permaleinate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
• the initiators are used individually or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the comonomer mixture.
• the desired melt viscosity of the copolymers A1) is set for a given composition of the comonomer mixture by varying the reaction parameters pressure and temperature and, if appropriate, by adding moderators.
• Hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons e.g. Propane, aldehydes, e.g. Propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, ketones, e.g. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone or alcohols, e.g. Butanol, proven.
• the moderators are used in amounts of up to 20% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the comonomer mixture.
• the high-pressure bulk polymerization is carried out in known high-pressure reactors, for example Autoclaves or tubular reactors are carried out batchwise or continuously, tubular reactors have proven particularly useful. Solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene can be present in the reaction mixture, although the solvent-free procedure has proven particularly useful.
• the mixture of the comonomers, the initiator and, if used, the moderator is fed to a tubular reactor via the reactor inlet and via one or more side branches.
• the comonomer streams can have different compositions here (EP-B-0 271 738).
• Preferred copolymers A2) contain 80-100 mol% of the recurring structural element of the formula 5
• R 8 and R 9 independently of one another are hydrogen, phenyl or a group of the formula COOR 11
• R 10 is hydrogen, methyl or a group of the formula -CH 2 COOR 11
• R 11 is a C-io to C 30 Alkyl or alkylene radical, preferably a C 12 to C 26 alkyl or alkylene radical, with the proviso that these recurring structural units contain at least one and at most two carboxylic acid ester units in one structural element.
• Copolymers in which R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen or a group of the formula COOR 11 and R 10 are hydrogen or methyl are particularly suitable.
• These structural units are derived from esters of monocarboxylic acids, such as, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, or from semi- or diesters of dicarboxylic acids, such as, for example, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
• the esters of acrylic acid are particularly preferred.
• Alcohols suitable for the esterification of the ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids are those with 10-30 C atoms, in particular those with 12-26 C atoms, such as, for example, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tridecanol, isotridecanol, 1-tetradecanol , 1-Hexadecanol, Eicosanol, Docosanol, Tetracosanol, Hexacosanol as well as naturally occurring mixtures such as Coconut fatty alcohol, taig fatty alcohol and behenyl alcohol.
• the alcohols can be of natural as well as synthetic origin.
• the copolymers of component A2) can contain up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol%, of comonomers such as vinyl esters of the formula 2, (meth) acrylic esters of the formula 3, alkyl vinyl ethers of the formula 4 and / or olefins.
• heteroatoms bearing ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as allyl polyglycols, benzyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, and the corresponding esters and amides of methacrylic acid, vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, p-acetoxystyrene, and vinyl methoxyacetate as comonomers in Component A2) suitable.
• allyl polyglycols benzyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, and the corresponding esters and amides of methacrylic acid, vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrroli
• allyl polyglycols can comprise 1 to 50 EO or PO units and correspond to formula 6:
• R 12 represents hydrogen or methyl
• Z represents C 1 -C 3 -alkyl
• R 13 represents hydrogen, C -, - C 3 o-alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or -C (O) -R 8 ,
• R 14 represents hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl
• R 15 represents CC 3 o-alkyl, C 3 -C 3 o-alkenyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and m is a number from 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30.
• the molecular weights or molecular weight distributions of the copolymers according to the invention are characterized by a K value (measured according to Fikentscher in 5% strength solution in toluene) of 10 to 100, preferably 15 to 80.
• the molecular weights Mw can be in a range from 2,000 to 500,000, preferably 5,000 to 300,000 and can be determined, for example, by means of gel permeation chromatography against polystyrene standards.
• the copolymers A2) are prepared by (co) polymerizing esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular (meth) acrylates, optionally with further comonomers by customary free-radical polymerization processes.
• a suitable production process consists in dissolving the monomers in an organic solvent and polymerizing them in the presence of a radical initiator at temperatures in the range from 30 to 150 ° C.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons such as. B. toluene, xylene,
• Trimethylbenzene, dimethylnaphthalene or mixtures of these aromatic hydrocarbons are also used.
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as solvent naphtha or Shellsol AB ® (manufacturer: Shell) are also used.
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons are also suitable as solvents.
• Alkoxylated aliphatic alcohols or their esters such as butyl glycol are also used as solvents, but preferably as a mixture with aromatic hydrocarbons.
• radical initiators are starters such as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile, esters of peroxycarboxylic acids such as, for example, t-butyl perpivalate and t-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate or dibenzoyl peroxide.
• the polymers which form component B are poly- ⁇ -olefins which can be derived from monoolefins having 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
• Particularly preferred monoolefins as base bodies of suitable polyolefins are propylene and isobutylene, from which polypropylene and polyisobutylene are formed as polyolefins. They can also contain minor amounts, preferably less than 10 mol%, of longer-chain ⁇ -olefins having 6 to 50, preferably 12 to 40, carbon atoms.
• Suitable olefins are 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-tridecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosen, 1-hemicosen, 1-docosen, 1-tetracosen, 1 -Hexacoses, 1-octacoses etc. and their mixtures.
• the polyolefins B) are accessible by ionic polymerization and are available as commercial products (for example ® Ultravis, ® Napvis, ® Hyvis, ® Glissopal) (polyisobutenes from BP, BASF with different alkylvinylidene contents and molecular weights).
• the distribution of the olefin isomers resulting from various polymerization processes is generally of minor importance for the use according to the invention, but in special cases poly- ⁇ -olefins with an increased alkylvinylidene content of more than 50 mol%, in particular more than 70 mol%, have proven to be advantageous.
• Alkyl vinylidene content means the content of the structural units with terminal double bonds in the polyolefins, which are based on compounds of the formula 7
• R17 decrease in which R or R is methyl or ethyl and the other group is an oligomer of the C 3 -C 5 olefin.
• the number of carbon atoms of the poly- ⁇ -olefin is between 35 and 350. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of carbon atoms is between 45 and 250.
• Component C1) is an alkylphenol-aldehyde resin. These are known in principle and are described, for example, in the Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, pp. 3351 ff.
• the alkyl radicals R 1 and R 2 of the alkylphenol can be the same or different in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins C1) used in the additive according to the invention and have 1 to 30, preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms; it is preferably n-, i- and tert-butyl, n- and i-pentyl, n- and i-hexyl, n- and i-octyl, n- and i-nonyl, n- and i-decyl , n- and i-dodecyl, tripropenyl, tetrapropenyl and pentapropenyl.
• the phenol is preferably monoalkylated.
• the aliphatic aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin C1) has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is preferably formaldehyde.
• the average molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is preferably 400-10,000, in particular 400-5000 g / mol. The prerequisite here is that the resins are oil-soluble.
• the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins C1) are prepared in a known manner by basic catalysis, in which case condensation products of the resol type are formed, or by acidic catalysis, in which condensation products of the novolak type are formed.
• the condensates obtained in both ways are suitable as additive component C1).
• the condensation in the presence of acidic catalysts is preferred.
• a mono- and / or dialkylphenol having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms per alkyl group, or mixtures thereof and an aliphatic aldehyde having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are reacted with one another , wherein per mole of alkylphenol compound about 0.5-2 mol, preferably 0.7-1.3 mol, of aldehyde can be used.
• Suitable alkylphenols are especially C 4 -C 2 o-alkylphenols such as o- or p-cresol, n-, sec.- and tert. Butylphenol, n- and i-pentylphenol, n- and i-hexylphenol, n- and i-octylphenol, n- and i-nonylphenol, n- and i-decylphenol, n- and i-dodecylphenol, tripropenylphenol, tetrapropenylphenol and pentapropenylphenol.
• the corresponding dialkylated phenols are likewise suitable, it being possible for the alkyl radicals to be the same or different.
• aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, formaldehyde is preferred.
• the formaldehyde can be used in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of a preferably 20 to 40% by weight aqueous formalin solution. Appropriate amounts of trioxane can also be used.
• alkaline catalysts for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines
• acidic catalysts for example inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acids,
• Sulfamido acids or haloacetic acids and in the presence of an organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, for example toluene, xylene, higher aromatics or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 90 to 200 ° C., preferably 100-160 ° C., the water of reaction formed being removed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation. Solvents that do not release protons under the conditions of the condensation can remain in the products after the condensation reaction.
• the resins can be used directly or after neutralization of the catalyst, if appropriate after further dilution of the solution with aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, for example gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or solvents such as ® Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Solvesso 250, ® Exxsol, ® ISOPAR and Shellsol D types.
• aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures for example gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or solvents such as ® Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Solves
• Constituent C2 is organic, oil-soluble sulfonic acids or their metal or ammonium salts, preferably alkali metal salts.
• Aliphatic sulfonic acids such as alkane sulfonates having 8 to 30, particularly preferably 10 to 26, in particular 12 to 24, carbon atoms are preferred.
• the sulfone group can be terminal or attached to a methylene group on the hydrocarbon chain.
• Aromatic sulfonic acids with one or two C 8 - to C 30 -, in particular C 12 - to C 24 -alkyl or alkenyl radicals and 1 or 2 aromatic rings are further preferred.
• the alkyl or alkenyl radicals can be linear or branched and can be attached at any point on the aromatic system.
• They are preferably in the para position to the sulfone group in systems monosubstituted with alkyl or alkenyl radicals and in the ortho and para position to the sulfone group in systems disubstituted with alkyl or alkenyl radicals.
• Examples include: nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, nonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonylbenzenesulfonic acid and didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.
• Oil-soluble in the sense of the invention means that at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, in particular at least 0.1% by weight, of the additive becomes clearly soluble in the middle distillate to be added. This definition is to be applied analogously if the term oil-soluble is used elsewhere.
• the additives according to the invention are particularly suitable for improving the flowability and paraffin sedimentation of crude oils and other paraffin-containing mineral oils whose paraffin sediments have larger proportions (preferably more than 20 area% according to GC, in particular 30 to 60 area%, especially 40 to 50 area% ) on n-paraffins with carbon chain lengths of 30 and more carbon atoms. These oils are usually colored dark by asphaltenes and resins, but they are preferably transparent. Furthermore, the additives according to the invention are able to lower the yield point of the additized oils and thus facilitate the restarting of pipelines.
• the additive components according to the invention can be separated from the mineral oils or added in a mixture.
• solutions or dispersions which contain 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight, of the additives or the combination of additives have proven particularly useful.
• Suitable solvents or dispersing agents are aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, for example
• Oil fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or commercial solvent mixtures such as Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Exxsol, ® ISOPAR and ® Shellsol D types as well as aliphatic or aromatic alcohols , Ether and / or ester.
• Mineral oils improved in their cold flow properties by the additive combination contain between 0.001 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5% by weight, of the additive combination based on the mineral oil.
• the additives according to the invention or the oils additized with them can contain further cold additives such as polar nitrogen-containing compounds or polyoxyalkylene ethers. Furthermore, they can
• Contain corrosion inhibitors Contain corrosion inhibitors, detergent additives, defoamers, demulsifiers, asphaltene dispersants and other additives. These additives can be added to the oil together with the additive components according to the invention or separately.
• A1 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with 11.2 mol% vinyl acetate and an MFI of 7 g / 10 min
• A2 acrylic acid stearyl ester-allyl polyglycol copolymer made from 95% by weight
• Acrylic acid ester and 5% by weight allyl polyglycol (7 EO), K value 33, measured in 5% by weight solution in toluene.
• polystyrene resin polystyrene resin
• B1 ®
• Glissopal 1000 BASF
• M 1000 g / mol
• viscosity at 100 ° C 215 mPas alkyl vinylidene content 85 mol%
• Example 2 Ingredient D in Example 2 was an oxyalkylated polyamine
• Ratio of iso / n paraffin 1 2.5 (see Table 2) Softening point (S.P.) 62.5 ° C
• the yield point is a measure of the force that must be exerted in order to bring the stocked crude oil back into the flowing state ("restartability").
• a force of approx. 2.2 Pa must be applied at -20 ° C, while only 0.6 - 0.7 Pa is required for the treated crude oil (500 ppm, example 1) at the same temperature.
• Table 4 Yield point in Pa for untreated crude oil and for crude oil with 500 ppm additive according to Example 1, 3, 5 or 6
• constituents A, B and C of the composition according to the invention were used alone or in combinations of two to improve the cold flow properties of crude oil.
• the following table shows the yield point (YP), viscosity (V) and dispersion (D) as previously described for the compositions given.
• the amount of additive was always 500 ppm.

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• 2001
  • 2001-06-06 WO PCT/EP2001/006414 patent/WO2001096503A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2001-06-06 CA CA002412740A patent/CA2412740A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-06-06 EP EP01957827A patent/EP1294832B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-06-06 US US10/311,057 patent/US6821933B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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