EP1304539A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour pointer un tube de cannon et utilisation du dispositif - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour pointer un tube de cannon et utilisation du dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1304539A1
EP1304539A1 EP02012011A EP02012011A EP1304539A1 EP 1304539 A1 EP1304539 A1 EP 1304539A1 EP 02012011 A EP02012011 A EP 02012011A EP 02012011 A EP02012011 A EP 02012011A EP 1304539 A1 EP1304539 A1 EP 1304539A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target
data
weapon
image
angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02012011A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1304539B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Friedli
Markus Oberholzer
Marc Bertholet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
ST Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves AG
Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Contraves AG, Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd filed Critical Oerlikon Contraves AG
Publication of EP1304539A1 publication Critical patent/EP1304539A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1304539B1 publication Critical patent/EP1304539B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/142—Indirect aiming means based on observation of a first shoot; using a simulated shoot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/06—Aiming or laying means with rangefinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 , a device according to claim 21 and a use of the device according to claim 32 .
  • the gun barrels are leveled, mostly manually, by aiming at the target without the help of a fire control system.
  • an attachment angle can be set on the weapon.
  • the angle of attack is the angle around which the gun barrel must be steeper than the line of sight.
  • the Projectiles fired from the gun barrel move during direct shooting on a projectile trajectory, which at the mouth of the gun barrel with the line of sight coincides, then lies above the line of sight and at the target again with the Line of sight should coincide.
  • a precise setting of the attachment angle is imperative for the achievement of hits, and exactly around the angle of attack to determine, the operating distance must be known exactly.
  • the target In direct shooting, for which light infantry weapons are mainly used, the target is sighted by the eye.
  • the operational distance that is the distance to the target is determined without aids. However, it is hardly possible to accurately determine the operating distance of the eye, therefore, in general a distance range is estimated, within which the exact operating distance probably lies.
  • the operational distance can be for example, with the help of a topographic map. It is also possible to measure the operating distance of a visible target using a distance measuring unit, for example a laser distance measuring unit.
  • Rear sight / grain sights have two major disadvantages, which result in that the gun barrel cannot be aimed precisely: firstly, the operating distance mostly only known approximately, since they are estimated by the eye got to; secondly, due to the lack of an optical magnification, only an unsharp image is obtained Image of the target and can therefore not aim the weapon stably.
  • Infantry weapons can also be used as optical aids to aim at the target Have sighting devices.
  • Such tools within the scope of the present Description are generally referred to as image visualization units, can have riflescopes, for example.
  • image visualization units can have riflescopes, for example.
  • the operating distance is determined either as described above by Eye or with the help of a laser distance measuring unit.
  • the riflescope is like this mounted so that its optical axis is parallel to the barrel axis and the laser distance measuring unit which may be present also becomes parallel aligned to the barrel axis. If no attachment angle was taken into account, then this led to corresponding inaccuracies. Slowly when firing flying projectiles like grenades exacerbates this problem since the long Flight time of such projectiles requires a relatively large attachment angle.
  • an image visualization unit in the form of a telescopic sight is in Essentially the following:
  • the alignment of the telescopic sight parallel to the weapon barrel limits the choice of magnification; one to be set on the weapon Attachment angle determines the distance between the line of sight and the barrel axis Reason a target is visualized; if the operating distance is large, then these attachment angles are relatively large, which means that optics with significant enlargement no longer allows the target to be visualized.
  • With a strong filing also gives rise to distortion, if not an absolute one distortion-free and therefore expensive optics is used.
  • ABM has numerous advantages over conventional ammunition:
  • the ABM projectiles penetrate camouflaging shrubbery or light wood and also masses of snow of considerable thickness without detonating prematurely;
  • ABM is ideal for house-to-house combat, since windows and light walls are penetrated and the effect of the projectiles is directed forward; the dreaded ricochet effect, which is common in conventional ammunition and elongated projectile trajectories, cannot occur.
  • the use of ABM can only be successful if the projectile trajectories can be determined precisely, or if the weapons used have facilities that allow precise aiming and aiming of the weapon barrel.
  • the new method comprises several phases: During one In the first phase, the gun barrel is roughly straightened. For this, infantry-like or procedural steps carried out by a shooter carried out, for which no special aids and in particular no data processing unit can be used. During a second phase the actual aiming takes place, whereby only the image visualization unit moves and with it a target image is targeted. Among other things, this involves procedural steps performed as previously only in artillery or flak procedures respectively with the help of a fire control device, i.e.
  • the target When shooting directly, the target is roughly targeted during the first phase and the gun barrel roughly aimed, that means azimuth and elevation of the Gun barrel are approximated.
  • the azimuth changes as a result only if the weapon is not leveled, because then the elevation changes results in a correlated change in azimuth.
  • the elevation is determined on the basis of operational data, which the relative position of the target to Describe the weapon, including the topographical profile between the target and the weapon.
  • the relevant application data only contain the operational distance or an operational distance range; these must can be determined at least approximately.
  • An initial attachment angle so the angle between the barrel axis and the line of sight or the optical one
  • the axis of the image visualization unit is dependent on the previous one certain operating distance or from the previously determined operating distance range set.
  • the image visualization unit After setting the initial attachment angle are the weapon barrel axis and the line of sight or the optical axis the image visualization unit is arranged so that it has an initial attachment angle lock in.
  • the optical axis of the image visualization unit is So not like in conventional sighting devices parallel to the barrel axis but adapted to the at least approximate determined operating distance. This means that in the further fight against the target or when aiming further at the target, only the distortion-free central area the optical image visualization unit must be used.
  • the aiming in the second phase can take place be called real aiming.
  • the target picture is a real image of the target and is made using the optical image visualization unit Targeted or pursued more precisely, that is, the situation the image visualization unit changes compared to the barrel axis and also absolutely.
  • This changes the angle of the attachment that is, the angle initially the set attachment angle becomes larger or smaller by an angle change.
  • This change in angle is continuously measured so that the position of the line of sight relative to the position of the barrel axis is always known.
  • the operational distance will generally new and, if possible, more precise than during the first Phase of the process.
  • this second Phase used the fire control device with the data processing unit.
  • the Data processing unit similar to a data processing system Fire control device for artillery or anti-aircraft guns - a ballistics calculation through, taking into account the operating distance, the attachment angle or the temporal change in angle of the attachment angle, and of Data that characterize the interior ballistics of the projectiles to be fired.
  • the data processing unit will have at least the following Data provided: the operating distance, the attachment angle respectively the temporal change in angle of the attachment angle; the data which the Characterize the inside ballistics of the projectiles to be fired.
  • the data processing unit provides a signal based on their ballistics calculation, that is used by the image visualization unit.
  • the image visualization unit is designed so that a target mark can be faded in, its location is determined by the signal of the data processing unit.
  • the visible The result of the ballistics calculation is that from the shooter's point of view the target mark, which is the end of a fictitious projectile trajectory respectively represents the line of sight, and a target image, which is actually the image here of the goal is recognizable.
  • the target mark is deposited from the target image Measure for a residual attachment angle or an angle change, by which the current attachment angle still has to be changed so that the projectile hits the target to be fought.
  • the aiming of the gun barrel begins with the third phase, in which the fine aiming takes place, completed.
  • the target mark and the target image is brought into line as closely as possible.
  • the target image that can be targeted is not an image of the target but rather a superimposed auxiliary image, the location of which is determined by the operational data become.
  • the deployment data including the relative location of the target to the weapon describe the topographical profile between weapon and target, include the operational distance, the operational height between weapon and target, the relevant obstacle distance between weapon and obstacle and the relevant obstacle height between weapon and obstacle.
  • the application data are already in the in the first phase. To determine the operational data, non-weapons are used Means used.
  • the deployment data can be from a topographical map be clear.
  • the location of the destination can also be determined if necessary determine a weapon effect based on the target to be combated or estimate or it can take into account general tactical principles, which are believed to be followed by the enemy.
  • the initial attachment angle is determined according to the application data mentioned set.
  • indirect shooting is generally not necessary or possible to determine the operational data more precisely, since this either are already known or cannot be determined more precisely. Aiming that can be described as spurious aiming also applies to indirect aiming Instead of shooting by using the image visualization unit the target image or a fictitious goal is targeted.
  • the initial attachment angle adjusted by an angle change.
  • the data processing unit of the The following data are made available to the fire control device: the change in angle of the initial attachment angle respectively the respective attachment angle, data which the projectile to be fired and characterize its interior ballistics.
  • the data processing unit must Also known are data that define that shooting is indirect should; Such data can optionally be derived from the operational data.
  • the data processing unit performs on the basis of that made available to it Data out their ballistics calculation and thereby determines the location of the Target mark, which also corresponds to the end of a fictitious projectile trajectory and must come as close as possible to the target image.
  • an approximatively determined initial attachment angle is used adjusted and thereby brought the image visualization unit into a position in which the target is already in the optimal range of optics, i.e. close the optical axis of the image visualization unit. This creates optimal viewing conditions for the shooter, because of undesirable influences such as distortion and loss of light are switched off or minimized.
  • the data processing unit of the Fire control device takes into account the application data for its ballistics calculation, the current attachment angle and the inside ballistics of the one to be fired Projectile and uses it to calculate the location of the target.
  • the rough aiming of the gun barrel during the first phase of the new procedure can be used for direct shooting with the help of an additional simple sighting unit such as a rear sight / grain sighting unit or with the help of the image visualization unit respectively.
  • the determination of the operating distance range during the first phase of the In direct shooting, the new method is usually approximated by a Eye estimation; but it can also be done with the help of a laser distance measuring unit be performed.
  • the operating distance is only approximated in the first phase, then during the second phase and if possible with increased accuracy certainly. This is done either by distance measurement using a laser distance measuring unit or using external aids if the position of the The destination is known by means of a topographic map or a GPS. Though simplifies the determination of the operating distance with the help of a laser distance measuring unit and the direct input of this distance into the data processing unit the procedure.
  • weapons for direct shooting to provide a way to, if necessary, the operating distance or the operating distance range without the help of a laser distance measuring unit or with the help of external weapons and to determine the corresponding Application data of the data processing unit of the fire control device to be made available, for the following reasons: First, in the case of waiver the position of the shooter when using a laser distance measuring unit not detectable by the enemy using the effects of the laser distance measurement, and secondly, the weapon becomes defective in the laser distance measuring unit not unusable. For indirect shooting it is necessary anyway Determination of the application data without a laser distance measuring unit.
  • the movement of the weapon barrel and / or the movement of the image visualization unit to adjust the attachment angle can be done manually or with the help of Servo devices take place.
  • the device for carrying out the new method has a device for setting an initial attachment angle and an image visualization unit on. With the latter, the target image and a target mark can be visualized, where the target image is the target and the target mark is the end of a projectile trajectory of a projectile to be fired.
  • the image visualization unit is part of a fire control device in the new facility.
  • the Fire control device also includes an angle measuring unit for measuring the Angle change of the initial attachment angle when aiming at the target image and a data processing unit for performing a ballistics calculation.
  • the ballistics calculation takes into account the application data, the change in angle the initial attachment angle and data indicating what is to be closed Characterize the projectile and its interior ballistics.
  • the ballistics bill must also take into account whether shooting is direct or indirect should.
  • the data processing unit provides the result of the ballistics calculation a signal is available indicating the position of the target.
  • the operational data is essentially only the operational distance relevant; it is visually measurable, and the new facility shows for this purpose preferably a distance measuring unit, in particular a laser distance measuring unit on.
  • the image visualization unit can be a telescopic sight. Also a residual light amplifier can be provided.
  • the image visualization unit can be a Image capturing device comprising an image display device; as an image recording device come for example a video camera, an infrared camera or a Digital camera in question, and as an image display device in general used a monitor.
  • the data processing unit of the fire control device advantageously has one Input unit, with the help of which the data processing unit certain data can be entered.
  • These data are in particular: the operational data, if these are determined by means external to the weapon, and if necessary, data which the projectiles to be fired and their Indoor ballistics concern. If only one type of projectile is ever fired, so the data concerning the projectiles and their internal ballistics can definitely be found in the data processing unit.
  • the data processing unit must alternatively selectable data are provided, which indicate the type of each characterizing the projectile and thus its internal ballistics.
  • the Gun can also be designed so that it is the type of to be fired Projectile recognizes and corresponding to the data processing unit internally Provides data.
  • the data processing unit can be used to upgrade the fire control system the input unit is provided with further data for the ballistics calculation become. It is particularly interesting to consider which data in the broadest sense concern external ballistics, for example one Non-leveling of the weapon and meteorological influences. To make a statement leveling or not leveling the weapon can also suitable means are available which correspond to the data processing unit Make data available internally.
  • a suitable wind sensor can be used to detect wind are used, which the data collected by him directly the Provides data processing unit. Such a wind sensor delivers however, data that is only valid in the ground area and therefore only for ballist calculations can be used in direct shooting. Alternatively, the Wind influences measured or estimated externally and the data processing unit be entered; this is particularly recommended for indirect shooting, where the projectiles reach higher altitudes.
  • the angle measurement unit which is used to record the change in angle of the initial Attachment angle or for recording the respective attachment angle used, can be designed so that all angles with respect to a Reference, for example the horizontal, can be measured.
  • the device with which the attachment angle is adjusted can be infinitely variable acting actuator. But it can also be a step-by-step process Adjustment device can be provided, for example different on the gun barrel Locking positions are provided, in which a locking element of the image visualization units alternatively can intervene.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention is preferred designed as a module and arranged in a housing.
  • the housing can be attached to a weapon afterwards. This enables one Retrofit existing weapons and use a unit module various weapons and also facilitates the replacement of a defective one Contraption.
  • Such a housing does not necessarily have all the components of the new device, in particular the angle measuring unit can be otherwise arranged and with the help of connections to the data processing unit be connected.
  • Weapons with which the device according to the invention is particularly advantageous can be used include machine guns, grenade launchers, Mine launchers and light infantry cannons, all in all autonomous Weapons used to fight stationary or slow moving targets become.
  • the advantages of the new method and the new device emerge particularly when programmable projectiles of the type is fired by ABM.
  • the weapons on which the new device is arranged will therefore advantageously have a programming unit for programming or temples the projectiles.
  • the weapon W shown in FIG. 1A has a weapon barrel B with a weapon barrel axis b, which is often also referred to as the soul axis, and a support structure in the form of a tripod mount S.
  • the weapon W has a programming unit Q , with the aid of which projectiles P to be fired can be programmed or tempered.
  • the programming unit Q is arranged at the front end of the weapon barrel B , but it could also be positioned elsewhere.
  • the weapon barrel B is attached to the tripod mount S in such a way that it can be adjusted in elevation and azimuth relative to it.
  • Fig. 1 also shows a magazine M and an ammunition belt G with the projectiles P on the way from the magazine M to the weapon W.
  • the device includes a wind sensor, not shown.
  • the device comprises an image visualization unit V , which is also to be regarded as part of a fire control device F.
  • Further components of the fire control device F are an angle measuring unit Y, a laser distance measuring unit L and a data processing unit EDV with an input unit E for manual input of data, in particular application data D [E] and data D [A], which characterize the outer ballistics of the projectiles P to be fired , and possibly data D [P] and D [I], which characterize the projectiles P or their inner ballistics.
  • the data processing unit EDP is designed to carry out ballistics calculations on the basis of all of the data made available to it.
  • the image visualization unit V is attached to the barrel B and to the weapon barrel B continuously adjustable relative.
  • the optical axis of the image visualization unit V forms a line of sight v, along which a shooter can target Z when shooting directly.
  • An adjustment of the image visualization unit V relative to the weapon barrel B means that the angle enclosed by the weapon barrel axis b and the line of sight v , which is referred to as the attachment angle ⁇ , is adjusted.
  • the attachment angle ⁇ is the angle by which the weapon barrel B must be directed more steeply than the tangent to a theoretical projectile trajectory, which neglects the influence of gravity on the projectiles P to be fired, as is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2A and 3A is explained.
  • the image visualization unit V can also be used without the remaining components of the fire control device F , in particular it can be used for the rough straightening of the weapon barrel W.
  • an additional simple sighting unit in the manner of a rear sight / front sighting unit can also be provided.
  • the image visualization unit V can according to FIG. 1B also be arranged so that the weapon barrel B is not continuous but stepwise adjustable relative, it that relative to the weapon barrel B is not in any but can only be placed in predetermined locking positions.
  • the weapon barrel B has a device which defines a plurality of locking positions R1 to Ri .
  • the image visualization unit V has a locking element R which can be brought into one of the locking positions R1 to Ri alternately.
  • the fire control device F is basically of modular design and is arranged in a housing N, so that it can be removed from the weapon W as a whole. Individual components of the fire control device F , in particular the angle measuring unit Y , are arranged outside the housing N in the present exemplary embodiment and connected to the data processing unit EDV via conductor connections C.
  • FIG. 2A shows the weapon W in use to combat the visible target Z or by direct shooting.
  • the deployment distance D * by which the target Z is distant from the weapon W or an deployment distance range d with a lower limit d * min and an upper limit d * max , in which the target Z is assumed, estimated and an initial attachment angle ⁇ 0 is set.
  • Other application data D [E] are generally not taken into account.
  • the attachment angle ⁇ depending on the type of projectile P , depends on the operating distance d * .
  • the attachment angle ⁇ is equal to the angle between the weapon barrel axis b and a line of sight v connecting the weapon W with the target Z.
  • the attachment angle ⁇ can also be understood as the angle between tangents to a projectile trajectory p of an actual projectile on the one hand and a projectile trajectory p 0 of a projectile P 0 with an infinite projectile speed, in each case at the muzzle of the weapon barrel B.
  • the projectile trajectory p is the trajectory of a projectile P that hits the target Z ;
  • p + and p- indicate projectile trajectories of projectiles that do not hit target Z because the shot was too long or too short.
  • the actual aiming takes place in a second phase.
  • 2B shows which image the image visualization unit shows the shooter.
  • the target is aimed at a target image Z * with the image visualization unit V.
  • the target image Z * is the visualized image of the target Z.
  • the initially set attachment angle ⁇ 0 changes by the respective angle change ⁇ .
  • the change in angle ⁇ or the respective attachment angle ⁇ is measured with the aid of the angle measuring unit Y and the result of the measurement is made available to the data processing unit EDP .
  • the operating distance d * is measured precisely with the aid of the laser distance measuring unit L and the result of this measurement is also made available to the data processing unit EDP .
  • the data processing unit EDV now carries out a ballistics calculation, taking into account the operating distance d *, the attachment angle ⁇ and the data D [I] characterizing the internal ballistics of the projectiles P to be fired, with which fictitious projectile trajectories p are continuously determined.
  • the data D [I] characterizing the projectile P or its internal ballistics are stored, the data D [I] for one of several projectile types possibly having to be selected by means of the input unit E , or the data D [I] are selected using an input unit E entered.
  • the end of the projectile trajectory p is visualized as target mark X in each case.
  • target mark X and target image Z * coincide as far as possible, in which case the projectile trajectory p ends near or directly at target Z.
  • p + and p- indicate further projectile trajectories which are flown through by projectiles which do not hit the target Z.
  • 2B shows the target mark X and the target image Z * of a vertical g. This is the case when the weapon W is leveled, so that a change in the elevation does not result in a change in the azimuth.
  • the gun barrel B is then straightened with the attachment angle ⁇ that was set at the end of the second phase.
  • FIG. 3A shows the weapon W in an operation to combat the target Z , which is located behind an obstacle H and is not visible from the weapon W.
  • Target Z is fought here by indirect shooting.
  • the application data D [E] include the application distance d *, the application height h *, the relevant obstacle distance d H and the relevant obstacle height h H. These application data D [E] are determined in the first phase of the new process with the aid of weapons-external means, since they are neither measurable nor visually estimable.
  • a suitable topographic map can serve as an external weapon.
  • the initial attachment angle ⁇ 0 is determined and set on the basis of the application data D [E] .
  • the image visualization unit V visualizes a target image Z * , here fictitious, the position of which is determined by the application data D [E] .
  • the remaining part of the method in indirect shooting is essentially the same as described above for direct shooting, FIG. 3B showing which image the image visualization unit offers to the shooter: the target image Z * is sighted, with the initial attachment angle ⁇ 0 about the change in angle ⁇ is changed.
  • the angle measuring unit Y determines the angle change ⁇ or the respective attachment angle ⁇ .
  • the data processing unit EDP is provided with the following data: the application data D [E], the change in angle ⁇ or the respective attachment angle ⁇ , data D [I], which characterize the inner ballistics of the projectiles P to be fired, and preferably data D [A] which determine the external ballistics of the projectiles P to be fired.
  • the data processing unit EDP continuously carries out its ballistics calculation and provides a signal which corresponds to the end of a fictitious projectile trajectory p , as would result with the respective attachment angle ⁇ , and by which the position of the visualizable target mark X is determined , Target image Z * and target mark X are brought as congruent as possible.
  • the projectile trajectory p is the trajectory of a projectile P that hits the target Z ; p + and p- indicate projectile trajectories of projectiles that do not hit target Z.
  • Double lines indicate those data which can possibly be definitely entered and stored, namely the data D [P] relating to the projectile P and the data D [I] relating to the interior ballistics .
  • the normal lines indicate the data that must be known when carrying out the new method, namely the application data D [E] and the respective attachment angle ⁇ .
  • the dashed lines indicate the data which can optionally be entered, in particular the data D [A] determining the external ballistics .
  • the new procedure and the new facility designed primarily for use with autonomous weapons that only be operated by the shooter.
  • autonomous weapons include, in particular, infantry weapons such as machine guns, grenade launchers, mine launchers and infantry cannons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
EP02012011A 2001-10-12 2002-05-31 Procédé et dispositif pour pointer un tube de cannon et utilisation du dispositif Expired - Lifetime EP1304539B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH18802001 2001-10-12
CH18802001 2001-10-12

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EP1304539A1 true EP1304539A1 (fr) 2003-04-23
EP1304539B1 EP1304539B1 (fr) 2005-08-31

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US (1) US7089845B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1304539B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE303575T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2390601C (fr)
DE (1) DE50204066D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1304539T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2248442T3 (fr)
SG (1) SG98058A1 (fr)

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US11486677B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-11-01 Israel Weapon Industries (I.W.I) Ltd. Grenade launcher aiming control system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1304539B1 (fr) 2005-08-31
CA2390601A1 (fr) 2003-04-12
ES2248442T3 (es) 2006-03-16
US7089845B2 (en) 2006-08-15
CA2390601C (fr) 2008-09-23
ATE303575T1 (de) 2005-09-15
DE50204066D1 (de) 2005-10-06
US20030145719A1 (en) 2003-08-07
SG98058A1 (en) 2003-08-20
DK1304539T3 (da) 2005-12-12

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