EP1319920B1 - Separateur pyrotechnique et dispositif de separation equipe d'un tel separateur - Google Patents
Separateur pyrotechnique et dispositif de separation equipe d'un tel separateur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1319920B1 EP1319920B1 EP20020293074 EP02293074A EP1319920B1 EP 1319920 B1 EP1319920 B1 EP 1319920B1 EP 20020293074 EP20020293074 EP 20020293074 EP 02293074 A EP02293074 A EP 02293074A EP 1319920 B1 EP1319920 B1 EP 1319920B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- pyrotechnic
- fuse
- flanks
- plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
- F42B15/36—Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
- F42B15/38—Ring-shaped explosive elements for the separation of rocket parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic separator designed to be installed along a junction line of two mechanical parts temporarily assembled and designed to separate in a predetermined direction, and, more particularly, to such a separator comprising first and second flanks assembling said parts, sandwiching between them a current crushed pyrotechnic cord along said junction line, first and second weakening zones current on said first and second flank respectively, parallel and vicinity of said cord, and means for selectively activating said cord and causing thus breaking said flanks along said weakening zones.
- Such a separator is well known, see for example the United States patent No. 3 698 281 in the name of Brandt, and finds particular application in the aerospace industry, where it is used in particular to ensure the separation of space launchers.
- FIG. 1 of the drawing it is shown in Figure 1 of the drawing. annexed a first mechanical part 1, in the form of a ferrule, cylindrical of revolution, constituting the upper part of the casing of such a launcher, this first piece being surmounted by an ovoid cap consisting of second and third parts 2a, 2b in form half-caps, this cap having the function of protecting a payload (no represented), such as an artificial satellite for example, during the crossing of the layers dense of the atmosphere.
- a payload no represented
- the half-caps 2a, 2b and the shell 1 are assembled conventionally, as described in United States Patent No. 3,453,960 to Qualls name, following first and second junction lines respectively, equipped with first and second separators 3 and 4 respectively.
- the first pyrotechnic separator runs along a junction line circular on which rests the two semicircular half-bases of the half-caps 2a and 2b. That is why this first separator can also consist, as shown, of two semicircular half-separators.
- the second separator 4 runs along a section of the cap by a plane passing through the X axis of the launcher.
- first and second separators 3 and 4 are installed in planes P 1 and P 2 respectively, the plane P 1 being perpendicular to the axis X of the launcher while the plane P 2 passes through this axis, between the two half-caps 2a and 2b symmetrical with respect to this plane, itself perpendicular to the direction D according to which the half-caps deviate from each other to clear the payload carried by the launcher.
- the separator 4 is of a known type, ensuring the lateral disengagement of the two half-caps 2a, 2b according to the arrows f 1 , f 2 respectively. It may be pyrotechnic, as the first or, alternatively, spring.
- the separator 3 is currently of one or the other of two known types, known as “symmetrical” and “asymmetrical” respectively.
- An example of a “symmetric” separator is described in the aforementioned Brandt patent, whereas an example of an "asymmetric" separator is represented in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the Qualls patent also mentioned above.
- a pyrotechnic separator includes classically a pyrotechnic cord comprising an expandable tube consisting of a metal envelope of oblong or "squashed" cross-section, the tube being filled with a explosive charge. The tube is placed between two flanks, plates, flanges or shoulders, integral with the two parts assembled by the separator.
- flanks When the separator is asymmetrical, one of these flanks, plates, flanges, etc. is dug a line of weakness, a groove for example, at the tube expandable.
- both flanks When the separator is symmetrical, both flanks are hollowed out of such line of weakness, which are then arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane median of the separator.
- lines of weakening Also known from the United States patent nr. 6,298,786 (which forms a basis for the claims) to the names of Grosskrüger et al various separators with such flanks, lines of weakening being arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the plane.
- An asymmetric separator offers the advantage, when used to constitute the separator 3, to contribute to the lateral disengagement of the two half-caps, by the very fact of its asymmetry.
- the explosion of the charge contained in the pyrotechnic cord applies high level shocks to assembled structures, which propagate in these structures and may then damage equipment mounted on them (particularly launcher payload).
- a symmetrical separator offers, on an asymmetrical separator, the advantage to apply lower level shocks to structures. On the other hand, because of its symmetrical geometry, it does not contribute to the lateral dislocation of the two half-caps, it can even hinder.
- the present invention therefore aims to achieve a pyrotechnic separator to constitute, in particular, the separator 3 of the cap shown in FIG. separator combining the advantages of separators of the two types discussed above, without presenting the disadvantages.
- the present invention also aims to provide a separation device pyrotechnic of at least first, second and third mechanical parts temporarily assembled, comprising the separator according to the invention.
- a pyrotechnic separator designed to be installed at along a junction line of two temporarily assembled mechanical parts and designed to separate in a predetermined direction, this separator comprising first and second assembly flanks of said parts enclosing a cord between them crushed pyrotechnic current along said junction line, first and second areas of weakening current on said first and second sidewalls respectively, parallel and in the vicinity of said cord, and means for selectively activating said cord and thus cause the rupture of said flanks along said weakening zones, this separator being remarkable in that said zones together define a surface break envelope tangent to said pyrotechnic cord and inclined at any point on said predetermined direction, said inclination being oriented so as to allow a mutual clearance of the two parts in said predetermined direction, without interference mechanical, activation of said cord.
- the separator according to the invention makes it possible to constitute a separation device pyrotechnic of at least first, second and third mechanical parts temporarily assembled following first and second connecting lines equipped first and second pyrotechnic separators running between the first piece and said second and third pieces, and between said second and third pieces, respectively, said first and second joining lines developing in first and second planes perpendicular to each other and said second and third parts being symmetrical with respect to the second plane, this device being remarkable in what said first pyrotechnic separator is as stated above and in that said second pyrotechnic separator is equipped with activation means triggered by synchronism with those of the first pyrotechnic separator, to cooperate with the spacing of said second and third parts along said predetermined direction, perpendicular to said second plane.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings which represent a separator pyrotechnic designed, in particular, to constitute the separator 3 of FIG. application being given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example only.
- the separator 3 comprises two semi-circular halves placed end to end.
- the sectional views of this separator shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are taken in the sectional plane P 3 of FIG. 1, where the separator establishes a frangible connection between the ferrule-shaped part 1 and the half-shaped part 2b. -cap. Only part of the separator 3 placed between the ferrule 1 and the half-cap 2b will be described in the following, the other part of this separator being identical.
- the separator 3 comprises first and second flanks 5 1 , 5 2 projecting from the piece 1 in a clevis-shaped cross-section, an edge portion of the cap 2b inserted between these two flanks for delimiting an annular chamber in which is housed a pyrotechnic cord with oblong or "crushed" cross-section, clamped between the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 .
- the ferrule 1 and the half-cap 2b are assembled by a series of bolts such as that referenced 6 which passes through the shell 1 and the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 .
- the pyrotechnic cord conventionally comprises an expandable metal tube 7 internally lined with a string of pyrotechnic material 8 centered in the tube by a cushioning product 9, for example.
- Each of the two cords (7, 8, 9) forming part of the separator 3 is equipped with each of its two ends coming out of the cap 2a, 2b by windows 10a, 10b visible in FIG. 1, conventional activation means 11 shown in more detail in FIG. Figure 4.
- the separator according to the invention comprises two weakening zones 14 1 , 14 2 , defined by notches or grooves (15a, 15b) and (16a, 16b) respectively, hollowed in both faces by look at the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 respectively, at the base of these flanks.
- the thickness of the weakening zones and the geometry of the separator in the vicinity of the expansible tube 7 are defined so as to minimize the pyrotechnic shock during the firing of the pyrotechnic cord (7, 8, 9) as well as the shock due to the relaxation of the pieces separated.
- the optimization carried out relates to the stiffness and the inertia of each of the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 as well as the arrangement and the thickness of the weakening zones.
- the thickness of the flanks is optimized so as to make the zones work weakening as much as possible in shear.
- the thickness of the flanks must be at least equal to that of the pyrotechnic cord, as shown in FIG. thus the deformation of the flanks during and after operation.
- the breakout of zones weakening is thus obtained for a weak deformation of the cord, and thus also of flanks that rest on this cord.
- these two weakening zones are arranged dissymmetrically with respect to the median plane P 4 of the separator (see FIG. 2) so as to define, after their rupture, an "envelope" surface of fracture S whose trace, in the plane of Figure 3, is inclined to the direction D according to which the two half-caps 2a, 2b must deviate from each other (see Figure 1).
- This trace is defined by a straight line passing substantially through the middle of the weakening zones. As shown in the area 14 1 , the break in these areas is not necessarily parallel to the trace of the surface S.
- FIG. 3 which represents the separator after the firing of the pyrotechnic cord (7, 8, 9), it appears that the trace of the surface S in the plane of the figure is inclined so as to allow the lateral sliding of the half-cap 2b, for example, in the direction of the arrow f 2 , without risk of attachment or other mechanical interference with the ferrule 1. It is the same for the other half-cap 2a.
- the surface S takes a frustoconical shape (when the ferrule 1 is cylindrical of revolution), the top of the cone tangent to this shape being on the X axis, on the side of the cap (2a, 2b), by report to plan P 1 .
- the weakening zone 14 1 whose radius is smaller than that of the zone 14 2 , is then above the zone 14 2 when it is located with respect to the axis X, as it is oriented in Figure 1.
- Activation of the pyrotechnic separator according to the invention is effected as has been seen above, using means 11 mounted at the ends of the cord (7, 8, 9), means commonly called “detonators” or " pyrotechnic transmission lines ".
- An initiation unit (not shown) coordinates and synchronizes the activations of the detonators or transmission lines associated with the various cords forming part of the separators 3 and 4 of the device shown in FIG. 1, so as to ensure the separation and the ejection half-caps 2a, 2b according to the arrows f 1 and f 2 respectively.
- the impetus required for this ejection is obtained by firing the separator 4. Indeed, the firing of the separator 3 does not develop a radial force sufficient to ensure this ejection.
- the detonation of the pyrotechnic charge inflates the expansible tube 7, which then transmits the shock wave produced by the detonation to the sidewalls 1 , 5 2 on which he relies.
- This shock wave shows in the weakening zones 14 1 , 14 2 shear stresses such that these zones break by revealing the fracture surface S.
- the swelling of the tube 7 makes it lose its oblong shape and gives it a substantially elliptical shape (as shown in FIG. 3) which causes the tube to lock against the facing faces of the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 . This is made possible by the thickness of the flanks 5 1 , 5 2 , which limits their permanent deformations, after activation of the separator.
- the tube 7 then remains integral with the ejected half-cap 2a or 2b, which avoids any dangerous dispersion of its components in the environment of the launcher.
- the tube 7 After swelling, the tube 7 also remains tangent to the fracture surface S (see 3), which allows the half-cap which it is integral to move freely from the launcher, thanks to the impetus provided by the separator 4, and this without any risk mechanical catching on the surface facing the ferrule 1, in accordance with one of the purposes of the present invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue perspective schématique du dispositif de séparation suivant l'invention, appliqué à des pièces constituant la coiffe d'un lanceur spatial, ce dispositif étant partiellement décrit en préambule de la présente description,
- les figures 2 et 3 représentent des vues en coupe transversale du séparateur suivant l'invention, respectivement avant et après activation de la charge explosive contenue dans le cordon pyrotechnique de ce séparateur, et,
- la figure 4 est une vue, avec coupe partielle, de moyens d'activation de ladite charge.
Claims (6)
- Séparateur pyrotechnique conçu pour être installé au long d'une ligne de jonction de deux pièces mécaniques (1; 2a, 2b) temporairement assemblées et conçues pour se séparer selon une direction (D) prédéterminée, comprenant des premier (51) et deuxième (52) flancs d'assemblage desdites pièces (1; 2a, 2b) enserrant entre eux un cordon pyrotechnique (7, 8, 9) écrasé courant au long de ladite ligne de jonction, des première (141) et deuxième (142) zones d'affaiblissement courant sur lesdits premier (51) et deuxième (52) flancs respectivement, parallèlement et au voisinage dudit cordon (7, 8, 9), et des moyens (11) pour activer sélectivement ledit cordon (7, 8, 9) et provoquer ainsi la rupture desdits flancs (51, 52) au long desdites zones d'affaiblissement (141, 142), caractérisé en ce que lesdites zones (141, 142) définissent ensemble une surface enveloppe de cassure (S) tangente audit cordon pyrotechnique (7, 8, 9) et inclinée en tout point sur ladite direction (D) prédéterminée, ladite inclinaison étant orientée de manière à autoriser un dégagement mutuel des deux pièces (1; 2a, 2b) selon ladite direction (D) sans interférence mécanique, à l'activation dudit cordon (7, 8, 9) lequel est, après activation, retenu entre et par lesdits flancs (51, 52), entièrement d'un même côté de ladite surface de cassure (S).
- Séparateur conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits flancs (51, 52) sont d'épaisseur au moins égale à celle dudit cordon pyrotechnique (7, 8, 9).
- Séparateur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la rupture des zones d'affaiblissement résulte essentiellement de l'application d'efforts de cisaillement.
- Dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique d'au moins des première (1), deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces mécaniques temporairement assemblées suivant des première et deuxième lignes de jonction équipées de premier (3) et deuxième (4) séparateurs courant entre la première pièce (1) et lesdites deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces, et entre lesdites deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces, respectivement, lesdites première et deuxième lignes de jonction se développant dans des premier (P1) et deuxième (P2) plans perpendiculaires entre eux et lesdites deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces étant symétriques par rapport au deuxième plan (P2), caractérisé en ce que ledit premier séparateur (3) est conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 et en ce que ledit deuxième séparateur (4) coopère avec le premier séparateur (3), à l'écartement desdites deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces selon ladite direction (D) prédéterminée, perpendiculaire audit deuxième plan (P2).
- Dispositif conforme à la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite première pièce (1) forme partie de l'enveloppe d'un lanceur spatial, et en ce que lesdits deuxième (2a) et troisième (2b) pièces sont des demi-coiffes d'un tel lanceur.
- Dispositif conforme à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une extrémité dudit cordon (7, 8, 9) est équipée desdits moyens d'activation (11) et en ce que ladite extrémité traverse ladite enveloppe dudit lanceur, et une bague (12) fixée sur cette enveloppe pour retenir ladite extrémité.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0116196A FR2833694B1 (fr) | 2001-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | Separateur pyrotechnique et dispositif de separation equipe d'un tel separateur |
| FR0116196 | 2001-12-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1319920A1 EP1319920A1 (fr) | 2003-06-18 |
| EP1319920B1 true EP1319920B1 (fr) | 2005-06-29 |
Family
ID=8870500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020293074 Expired - Lifetime EP1319920B1 (fr) | 2001-12-14 | 2002-12-12 | Separateur pyrotechnique et dispositif de separation equipe d'un tel separateur |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1319920B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60204836T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2243674T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2833694B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7661625B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2010-02-16 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co., K.G. | Jettisonable nosecone and missile with a jettisonable nosecone |
| US10940341B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2021-03-09 | Airbus Canada Limited Partnership | Interface between fire suppressant conduit and cargo compartment of an aircraft |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2957143B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-02 | 2012-05-04 | Astrium Sas | Dispositif de raccordement a rupture pyrotechnique |
| DE102012110450B4 (de) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-07-17 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Objekt für eine Mission in den Weltraum |
| FR3028609B1 (fr) | 2014-11-19 | 2017-05-05 | Dassault Aviat | Separateur pyrotechnique comprenant deux elements structurels independants assembles l'un a l'autre, et procede de fabrication associe |
| FR3028608B1 (fr) | 2014-11-19 | 2017-05-05 | Dassault Aviat | Separateur pyrotechnique comprenant un organe d'absorption de chocs |
| US10934029B2 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2021-03-02 | Paragon Space Development Corporation | Thermally isolating joint assembly in a space vehicle |
| CN113566659B (zh) * | 2020-04-29 | 2024-01-16 | 大连理工大学 | 一种横纵分离一体化级间线式分离装置及其应用 |
| US11572203B2 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-02-07 | Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd. | Release mechanism |
| CN117685832A (zh) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-12 | 西安现代控制技术研究所 | 一种直推式头罩分离方法及其结构 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3427047A (en) * | 1966-11-30 | 1969-02-11 | Nasa | Tubular coupling having frangible connecting means |
| US3453960A (en) * | 1967-12-11 | 1969-07-08 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Noncontaminating linear explosive separation |
| US3633456A (en) * | 1969-07-03 | 1972-01-11 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Power-actuated separation system |
| US3698281A (en) | 1970-02-27 | 1972-10-17 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Explosive system |
| US6298786B1 (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 2001-10-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Frangible access panel system |
-
2001
- 2001-12-14 FR FR0116196A patent/FR2833694B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-12 DE DE2002604836 patent/DE60204836T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-12 EP EP20020293074 patent/EP1319920B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-12 ES ES02293074T patent/ES2243674T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7661625B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2010-02-16 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co., K.G. | Jettisonable nosecone and missile with a jettisonable nosecone |
| US10940341B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2021-03-09 | Airbus Canada Limited Partnership | Interface between fire suppressant conduit and cargo compartment of an aircraft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2833694A1 (fr) | 2003-06-20 |
| DE60204836D1 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
| DE60204836T2 (de) | 2006-01-12 |
| FR2833694B1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 |
| ES2243674T3 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
| EP1319920A1 (fr) | 2003-06-18 |
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