Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
  • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
  • C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a gel-like fuel based on a liquid from liquid or dissolved in organic solvents, solid fuels, fuels and / or explosives, such Fuel and its use.
• Gel-shaped fuels are known and are mainly used for rocket propulsion in space missiles and tactical weapons used.
• US 6 013 143 A describes one of these Fuel based on tertiary amine azides and these added oxidizers.
• the fuel is said to be an alternative among the most widely used toxic liquid fuels based on hydrazine serve.
• Gelling agents in the form of Silicon dioxide, alumina, carbon or polymers added to give it a viscous, gel-like character to lend.
• the gel-like consistency is supposed to be a compromise regarding the general disadvantages of liquid and solid fuels can be achieved.
• the invention has for its object a method for Production of a gel fuel of the type mentioned Propose a type whose viscosity is independent of its composition is changeable. It is also open such a fuel and its use.
• this object is achieved according to the invention by a process for producing a pseudoplastic gel fuel on the basis of a Liquid from liquid or in organic solvents dissolved, solid fuels, fuels and / or explosives solved by solid particles with a particle diameter between 1 and 800 nm in the liquid essentially be dispersed homogeneously.
• a pseudoplastic gel-like fuel on the Base of a liquid from liquid or in organic Solids, solid fuels, fuels and / or explosives with dispersed essentially homogeneously Solid particles with a particle diameter between 1 and 800 nm are provided.
• the Viscosity due to mechanical energy input such as stirring energy, Ultrasound or the like
• the viscosity of the from the source liquid and the dispersed nanoparticles Fuel takes here due to mechanical input Energy is rapidly decreasing so that the gel-like fuel is up to a fluid state, as in conventional liquid fuels is known can be liquefied.
• the viscosity of the stationary fuel due to lack of agitation increase again until the fuel runs out original gel-like character. in the viscous state the fuel can have material properties similar to solids, such as high elasticity.
• Fuels, fuels and / or explosives should therefore be solid particles also used with a hydrophobic character be while in a polar organic solvent dissolved fuel, fuel and / or explosive Solid particles with an essentially hydrophilic character should be used.
• the solid particles can in particular be stirred and / or dispersed into the liquid by means of ultrasound become. Research has shown that the proportion of solid particles between 0.5 and 25% by mass to be adjusted to the mass of the liquid a pseudoplastic fuel with a wide range to obtain variable viscosity.
• a preferred embodiment provides that a fuel, propellant and / or explosive based on liquid hydrocarbons which optionally contain oxygen and / or nitrogen containing functional groups is used.
• the hydrocarbon is preferably selected from the group nC 5 -C 9 alkanes, nitromethane (NM), n-propyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), methyl trimethylol methane trinitrate (metriol trinitrate, MTN), 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN ), Bis-dinitropropylacetal (BDNPA), bis-dinitropropyl formal (BDNPF), 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene, 2,4,6-trinitroethylbenzene, alkylnitratoethylnitramine (NENAs), kerosene and mixtures thereof.
• NM nitromethane
• EGDN ethylene glycol dinitrate
• MTN methyl trimethylol methane trinitrate
• BTTN 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate
• NENAs Alkylnitratoethylnitraminen
• Fuel, fuel and / or explosive used is preferably crystalline burning, propellant and / or explosive from the group 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trimamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATNB), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (Hexogen, RDX), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (Octogen, HMX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitan (HNIW, CL20), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (Nitropenta, PETN), hexanitrodiphenylamine (Hexyl), tetranitromethylaniline (tetryl), nitroguanidine (N
• the same can also be salt-like Intermediate products of fuels, fuels and / or explosives, e.g. Alkyl ammonium nitrates, guanidinium ammonium nitrates, Triaminoguanidine nitrate, triethylammonium nitrate, triethanolammonium nitrate etc. or oxidizer salts such as ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium dinitramide (ADN) etc., in an organic Solvent dissolved and mixed homogeneously with the nanoparticles become.
• organic solvents polar representatives, such as alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, Dimethylformamide (DMF) and the like, in question.
• the solid particles are preferably selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides and mixtures thereof, preferably aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr) and / or oxides and / or hydroxides thereof are used.
• Al, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu oxides and / or hydroxides are suitable.
• a suitable hydrophobizing agent or hydrophilizing agent in order to ensure complete wetting of the particles with the liquid used in each case.
• polar liquids and nanoparticles made of silicon dioxide are used, they must be made hydrophobic, which can be done by surface modification, ie by introducing polar functional groups, eg hydroxyl groups, onto the surface.
• surfactant additives such as Surfactants, emulsifiers or the like can be added, which is the interaction between the liquid component and affect the nanoparticles.
• oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium dinitramide (ADN), ammonium perchlorate (APC), alkali perchlorates, -Nitrate etc., and explosives in question.
• the other explosives or energy sources and / or Oxidators can be found in both particulate and be used in liquid form, in the latter Case can be provided that the liquid explosives and / or oxidizers can in turn be retaliated by with solid particles with a particle diameter between 1 and 800 nm, preferably between 5 and 500 nm, in particular between 10 and 300 nm, are mixed homogeneously and the mixture is added to the fuel. It exists also the possibility of the obtained in this way gel-like oxidizer or explosive separated from the gel-like fuel and both components only in a combustion chamber to ignite the mixture, causing the amount of oxidizer or explosive and fuel depending on the power required can be controlled.
• the fuel according to the invention is especially as a rocket fuel, e.g. for spacecraft or strategic or tactical weapons. It is suitable also for gas generators, in particular for airbags, or for explosive systems, such as explosive charges, detonators Etc.
• the invention is based on exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.
• NM nitromethane
• SiO 2 hydrophobized silicon dioxide
• a propeller stirrer is used as an agitator, which ensures axial mixing of the components with moderate shear forces.
• 20 g of fine particulate ammonium dinitramide (ADN) are added to the fuel in order to increase its specific impulse while maintaining the rheological properties of the fuel. After stirring again for 30 minutes, the finished fuel is obtained.
• ADN fine particulate ammonium dinitramide
• a pseudoplastic gel-like fuel is produced according to Example 1 from 71.8 g NM and 6.2 g hydrophobized SiO 2 with an average particle diameter of about 25 nm. 22 g of ammonium perchlorate (APC) in fine particulate form are then added as the oxidizer and the mixture is homogenized for 30 minutes.
• APC ammonium perchlorate
• a pseudoplastic gel-like fuel is produced according to Example 3 from 81.0 g of NM and 7.0 g of hydrophobized SiO 2 with an average particle diameter of about 25 nm.
• 11.0 g of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and 1 g of hydrophobic SiO 2 according to Example 3 are mixed homogeneously and stored separately from the latter and added to the fuel as needed during the combustion.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (15)

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• 2001
  • 2001-12-22 DE DE2001163978 patent/DE10163978B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2002
  • 2002-12-04 EP EP20020027115 patent/EP1321505A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-12-19 NO NO20026128A patent/NO20026128L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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