EP1367355A1 - Amorce de sécurité à torche à plasma - Google Patents
Amorce de sécurité à torche à plasma Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1367355A1 EP1367355A1 EP03291267A EP03291267A EP1367355A1 EP 1367355 A1 EP1367355 A1 EP 1367355A1 EP 03291267 A EP03291267 A EP 03291267A EP 03291267 A EP03291267 A EP 03291267A EP 1367355 A1 EP1367355 A1 EP 1367355A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component according
- layer
- fuse
- safety
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/11—Initiators therefor characterised by the material used, e.g. for initiator case or electric leads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
- F42B3/124—Bridge initiators characterised by the configuration or material of the bridge
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of safety boot components comprising at least two electrodes connected by a fuse.
- safety boot components for explosives components which are said to be “sprayed layer” (and better known as “slappers”).
- These components include a resistive bridge on which a tube is placed (or “canon") made for example of ceramic.
- An insulating disc is arranged between the tube and the resistive bridge. The passage of electric current in the deck causes vaporization of this one, which leads to the cutting of the insulating disc which is projected through the tube. This disc impacts explosive receiver that it initiates.
- slappers cannot initiate an explosive only when the supply current applied at the electrodes is important (greater than 500 volts). Concretely the operating voltages are around 3000 volts for a current intensity of the order of 5000 amps. A voltage below 500 volts is insufficient to project the disc and therefore cannot provide an initiation.
- the resistive bridge is generally of reduced size as well as the ceramic tube (the latter most often a diameter less than a millimeter). This results in costs of significant achievements which limit the use of such components in civil applications such as initiators for automotive safety.
- the component according to the invention can function with reduced voltage (less than or equal to 1000 volts) while having a satisfactory level of security.
- the subject of the invention is a safety ignition component comprising at least two electrodes connected by a fuse and an orifice or barrel separating the fuse from a receiving explosive to be initiated, component characterized in that the two electrodes are separated by an insulating tube delimiting an internal volume, electrodes and insulating tube thus forming a plasma torch whose internal volume is separated from the receiving explosive by the barrel, and in that the fuse is made of a plasmagenic material, that is to say a material providing gases at high temperature (greater than 15000 K) and having a high electronic density (greater than 10 18 electrons / cm3) when it is traversed by an electric current of at least 5000 amps.
- a plasmagenic material that is to say a material providing gases at high temperature (greater than 15000 K) and having a high electronic density (greater than 10 18 electrons / cm3) when it is traversed by an electric current of at least 5000 amps.
- the dimensions of the torch will be such that it generates a plasma when it receives a voltage ignition less than or equal to 600 volts and that it provides electrical energy less than or equal to 5000 Joules.
- the fuse material includes at least one conductive material associated with at least one energetic material or likely to react with the conductive material.
- the conductive material may consist of carbon or a metal.
- the fuse can be formed by a homogeneous mixture combining from 85% to 95% by mass of conductive material particles and from 5% to 15% by mass of an energetic material or well likely to react with the conductive material.
- the fuse may have at least one layer of energetic material or likely to react with the conductive material deposited on at least part of a layer of conductive material.
- the fuse may include at least one layer conductive aluminum or magnesium on which is deposited at least one reactive layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, or nitrocellulose or nitrate polyvinyl, or copper oxide or copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene, or polyoxymethylene, or Trifluoroethylene polychloride, or polysulfone, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the dimensions of the different layers will be such which is combined from 85 to 95% by mass of the layer material conductive at 5 to 15% by mass of the material or materials of the or reactive layers.
- the fuse may include at least one layer aluminum or magnesium and at least one layer of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer.
- the fuse may include at least one layer of magnesium and at least one layer of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the component safety boot includes a tablet to project which is pinched between the torch and the barrel.
- the tablet may be made of an insulating material electrical or covered with an electrical insulating layer.
- the tablet may have a diameter of between 1 mm and 4 mm and a thickness between 20 and 200 micrometers.
- a boot component of safety 1 is fixed by means suitable (not shown) for an explosive charge 2 comprising an explosive 3 placed in an envelope 4.
- the explosive charge will for example be a relay detonation in hexogen in the pulverulent or compressed state. We could alternatively initiate directly without relay the explosive charge of a munition.
- Component 1 comprises at least two electrodes 5a and 5b which are connected by a conductive fuse 6 and separated by an insulating tube 7 comprising an axial bore 14.
- a first electrode 5a or peripheral electrode, has a cylindrical wall 8 and a bottom 9 pierced with a hole axial 10.
- the insulating tube 7 has, at one face upper, a counterbore 12 inside which is disposed the second electrode 5b, or axial electrode.
- the insulating tube 7 defines an internal volume 13 which receives fuse 6. This one here has the form of a tube which is applied against the internal surface of bore 14 of the insulating tube 7 and which is wedged between the axial electrode 5b and the bottom 9 of the peripheral electrode 5a.
- the peripheral electrode 5a is arranged in a support 15 which may be made of an insulating material for example polyamide.
- This support has an axial hole 16, or barrel, arranged in the extension of the axial hole 10 of the electrode 5a and whose diameter is less than or equal to that of the hole 10.
- the fuse 6 is made of a plasmagenic material, that is to say a material providing gases at high temperature (greater than 15000 K) and having a high electronic density (greater than 10 18 electrons / cm3) when it is traversed by an electric current of at least 5000 amps.
- the electrodes 5a, 5b and the insulating tube 7 thus form a plasma torch whose internal volume 13 is separated from the explosive receiver 3 by the barrel 16.
- the barrel 16 is arranged opposite another hole 17 fitted in the casing 4 of the explosive charge 2.
- Component 1 is a small plasma torch (or "micro torch”). It has dimensions that are chosen low enough for it to generate plasma when it receives a lower or equal ignition voltage at 600 volts and provided with electrical energy less than or equal to 5000 Joules. Such a micro torch is described as an ignition component in the patent EP905470 which can be referred to. It presents dimensions of the order of 6 to 10 mm long for 5 to 10 mm in diameter.
- the fuse is here produced in the form of a layer tubular, and pinched between the two electrodes 5a and 5b.
- the plasma material will include at least one material conductor associated with at least one energetic material or likely to react with the conductive material.
- energetic material a material capable of supplying chemical energy in the form of a flame when it is initiated by the joule effect generated by the flow of current through the material driver with whom he is intimately associated.
- the conductive material may consist of carbon or by a metal such as copper, aluminum, silver or magnesium.
- the energetic materials are the compositions: Magnesium / polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoro-ethylene copolymer; Boron / Nitrate potassium; plasticized nitrocellulose film or film; polyvinyl nitrate.
- Reactive materials with a conductive material are: Copper oxide; polytetrafluoroethylene; copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene; polytetrafluoroethylene / copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene; polyoxymethylene; Polychloride trifluoroethylene; Polyvinyl chloride; polysulfone; Polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the fuse tube 6 is formed by a homogeneous mixture combining 85 to 95% by mass of conductive material and 5 to 15% by mass of an energetic material or material likely to react with the conductive material.
- magnesium powder 85% to 95% by mass of magnesium powder and preferably 90%
- Component 1 is connected by conductors 18 and 19 to an electric generator 20.
- This generator is designed to ability to deliver energy from 10 kJ to 1 megaJoule under form of voltage pulses from 1000 volts to 20 kilo Volts.
- Such a generator is conventional and includes, for example, capacitors, an inductor, thyristors and a power supply stabilized.
- a small fraction of the energy supplied by the generator is used to initiate the fuse tube 6 by Joule effect.
- the energetic material is then initiated or else the reaction between the conductive material and the material reactive is initiated.
- a combustion flame fills the room 13.
- This flame is naturally formed of atoms and ionized molecules. It provides electrical conduction of reduced resistance between electrodes 5a and 5b which allows maintaining an electric arc between the electrodes.
- Chamber 13 ensures containment of the arc and the rise in pressure thus allowing the development of plasma generated by the fuse tube 6.
- the plasma is ejected at a speed of the order of 3500 m / s.
- the shock will be all the more intense as the volume of the room 13 will be reduced.
- an ignition component has been made. associating a micro plasma torch delimiting a chamber 13 having a volume of approximately 15 mm3 and comprising a tube fuse 2 mm in diameter, 0.1 mm thick and having as composition one or other of the compositions according to examples 1 and 2.
- Such a component supplied under a voltage pulse from 800 to 1000 Volts with a maximum intensity of 10,000 Ampées, ensured the detonation of an explosive relay 11.5mm in diameter and 11.5mm high made of hexogen / wax / graphite (proportions by relative masses: 98/2/1).
- the gas pressure obtained at the outlet of the component is around 1 GPa (1 gigapascal).
- the component according to the invention is of a simpler to manufacture than safety components or known slappers since it does not require the realization of a resistive bridge and that it does not implement reduced size spray tablet.
- the diameter of the chamber 13 (2 mm) is greater than that cannons used in known slappers (including the diameter is generally less than mm).
- the supply voltage is also lower (by around 1000 volts against almost 3000 volts for known "slappers"). This greatly reduces the problems insulation and we therefore facilitate the integration of the component in ammunition or automotive security systems.
- the electrical power consumed is of the same order as for known slappers (10 Mega Watts), the intensity maximum being also stronger (about 10 kilo Amps).
- the component according to the invention is a component of security since the energy level required for its initiation meets the requirements given by the standards: no pyrotechnic reaction for an impulse of less than 500 volts. It can therefore be used in a device boot without chain misalignment means pyrotechnic.
- Figure 2 shows a priming component according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- component 1 has been shown alone without the explosive charge he must initiate.
- the fuse 6 thus comprises a layer 6a of material conductor on which at least one layer 6b is deposited of an energetic material or well likely to react with the conductive material.
- a fuse comprising a rolled aluminum or magnesium sheet on which a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
- the thickness of the metal layer will be of the order of 150 micrometers.
- the thickness of the layer (s) of energetic material will be of the order of 100 micrometers.
- the dimensions of the different layers will be such that 85 to 95% by mass of the material of the conductive layer at 5 to 15% by mass of the or materials of the reactive layer (s).
- the relative mass proportions will be 90% for aluminum and 10% for the copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene.
- Fuse 6 is arranged so that the layer metal 6a is on the side of the insulating tube 7 and in contact with the two electrodes 5a and 5b.
- the current flow can thus be done through the conductive layer 6a which will ensure by joule effect initiation of the reaction with energy layer 6b therefore the generation of plasma.
- a component comprising a fuse was thus produced with a layer of 80 micrometers thick of aluminum carrying a layer of 11 micrometers of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer (known under the brand Viton registered). The fuse is placed in a chamber 13 of volume about 15mm3.
- This component could initiate an explosive tablet such as previously described in response to a voltage pulse of 1000 volts for a maximum intensity of 10 kA.
- a component also comprising (as in classic slapper components) a projectable tablet.
- Figure 3 shows such a component 1.
- the component 1 comprises two electrodes 5a and 5b which are connected by a fuse 6 associating a conductive layer 6a and an energy layer 6b.
- This component differs from that of Figure 2 in that a pad 21 is interposed between the annular rim 9 of the electrode 5a and the insulating support 15. This patch therefore separates chamber 13 from the plasma torch and the barrel 16.
- the pad 21 will be made of an insulating material electrical or covered with an electrical insulating layer. A this arrangement avoids arcing directly between the axial electrode 5b and the tablet 21.
- a plastic material such as a polyimide (material known as the registered trademark Kapton).
- Kapton material known as the registered trademark Kapton
- a metal tablet we will cover this one on its two faces with an insulating material, by example a layer of insulating tape ensuring a electrical insulation level of at least 1000 volts (such insulators generally use an insulating layer of rubber or polyvinyl chloride or PVC).
- the diameter of the barrel 16 may vary between 1 and 4 mm, this which is greater than the diameters of the barrels used usually in "slappers".
- components have been made incorporating a fuse associating a layer of aluminum and a layer of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer (known under the brand Viton deposited) with the respective mass proportions of 90% and 10% (total thickness of the fuse 100 micrometers).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un composant d'amorçage selon un premier mode de réalisation,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un composant d'amorçage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'un composant d'amorçage selon un troisième mode de réalisation.
Claims (18)
- Composant (1) d'amorçage de sécurité comprenant au moins deux électrodes (5a,5b) reliées par un fusible (6) et un orifice ou canon (16) séparant le fusible d'un explosif receveur (3) à initier, composant caractérisé en ce que les deux électrodes (5a,5b) sont séparées par un tube isolant (7) délimitant un volume interne (13), électrodes et tube isolant formant ainsi une torche à plasma dont le volume interne (13) est séparé de l'explosif receveur (3) par le canon (16), et en ce que le fusible (6) est réalisé en un matériau plasmagène c'est à dire un matériau fournissant des gaz à haute température (supérieure à 15000 K) et ayant une densité électronique forte (supérieure à 1018 électrons / cm3) lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant électrique d'au moins 5000 ampères.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de la torche sont telles qu'elle génère un plasma lorsqu'elle reçoit une tension d'amorçage inférieure ou égale à 600 volts et qu'on lui fournit une énergie électrique inférieure ou égale à 5000 Joules.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau du fusible (6) comprend au moins un matériau conducteur associé à au moins un matériau énergétique ou susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau conducteur est constitué par du carbone ou bien un métal.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité selon une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le matériau énergétique ou susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur est choisi parmi les composés ou compositions suivantes :Oxyde de cuivre; polytétrafluoréthylène; copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène; polytétrafluoréthylène/copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène; Magnésium / polytétrafluoréthylène / copolymère de chlorofluoro-éthylène; Bore/Nitrate de potassium; pellicule ou film de nitrocellulose plastifiée; nitrate de polyvinyle; Polyoxyméthylène; Polychlorure de trifluoroéthylène; polychlorure de vinyle; Polychlorure de trifluoroéthylène; polysulfone; polyfluorure de vinylidène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le fusible (6) est formé par un mélange homogène associant 85% à 95% en masse de particules de matériau conducteur et de 5% à 15% en masse d'un matériau énergétique ou bien susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la feuille fusible a pour composition :85% à 95% en masse de poudre d'aluminium ou de magnésium,5% à 15% en masse d'une composition associant polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la feuille fusible a pour composition :90% en masse de poudre d'aluminium,10% en masse d'une composition associant polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la feuille fusible a pour composition :90% en masse de poudre de magnésium,10% en masse d'une composition associant polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le fusible (6) comporte au moins une couche (6b) de matériau énergétique ou bien susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur déposée sur au moins une partie d'une couche (6a) de matériau conducteur.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le fusible (6) comprend au moins une couche conductrice (6a) d'aluminium ou de magnésium sur laquelle est déposée au moins une couche réactive (6b) de polytétrafluoréthylène, ou de nitrocellulose ou de nitrate de polyvinyle, ou d'oxyde de cuivre ou de copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène, ou de polyoxyméthylène, ou de Polychlorure de trifluoroéthylène, ou de polysulfone, ou de polyfluorure de vinylidène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions des différentes couches sont telles qu'on associe de 85 à 95% en masse du matériau de la couche conductrice à 5 à 15% en masse du ou des matériaux de la ou des couches réactives.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le fusible comprend au moins une couche d'aluminium et au moins une couche de copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le fusible comprend au moins une couche de magnésium et au moins une couche de copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le fusible comprend au moins une couche de magnésium et au moins une couche de polytétrafluoréthylène.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pastille (21) à projeter qui est pincée entre la torche et le canon (16).
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la pastille (21) est réalisée en une matière isolante électrique ou recouverte d'une couche isolante électrique.
- Composant d'amorçage de sécurité suivant la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que la pastille (21) a un diamètre compris entre 1 mm et 4 mm et une épaisseur comprise entre 20 et 200 micromètres.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0206591A FR2840401B1 (fr) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Composant d'amorcage de securite a torche a plasma |
| FR0206591 | 2002-05-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1367355A1 true EP1367355A1 (fr) | 2003-12-03 |
| EP1367355B1 EP1367355B1 (fr) | 2008-05-14 |
Family
ID=29415146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03291267A Expired - Lifetime EP1367355B1 (fr) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-27 | Amorce de sécurité à torche à plasma |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1367355B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE395571T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60320892D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2840401B1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2100395A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-22 | Secr Defence | Pyrotechnic devices |
| US4788913A (en) * | 1971-06-02 | 1988-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Flying-plate detonator using a high-density high explosive |
| EP0488863A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-06-03 | Thomson-Brandt Armements | Détonateur pyrotechnique à connexions coaxiales |
| WO2001039586A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-06-07 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Dispositif retardateur a transfert de chaleur |
-
2002
- 2002-05-29 FR FR0206591A patent/FR2840401B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 EP EP03291267A patent/EP1367355B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-27 AT AT03291267T patent/ATE395571T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-27 DE DE60320892T patent/DE60320892D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4788913A (en) * | 1971-06-02 | 1988-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Flying-plate detonator using a high-density high explosive |
| GB2100395A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-22 | Secr Defence | Pyrotechnic devices |
| EP0488863A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-06-03 | Thomson-Brandt Armements | Détonateur pyrotechnique à connexions coaxiales |
| WO2001039586A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-06-07 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Dispositif retardateur a transfert de chaleur |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2840401B1 (fr) | 2004-07-16 |
| EP1367355B1 (fr) | 2008-05-14 |
| FR2840401A1 (fr) | 2003-12-05 |
| ATE395571T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| DE60320892D1 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
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