EP1368112B1

EP1368112B1 - Arrangement for mixing flows in papermaking process

Info

Publication number: EP1368112B1
Application number: EP02700310A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Perttu Lamminen; Matti Hietaniemi; Juhani Sams; Kati Lindroos
Original assignee: Metso Paper Oy
Current assignee: Valmet Technologies Oy
Priority date: 2001-02-21
Filing date: 2002-02-21
Publication date: 2009-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2022-02-21
Also published as: CA2438988A1; CN1239240C; DE60234423D1; CN1492776A; CA2438988C; WO2002072250A1; EP1368112A1; ATE448869T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a mixer for mixing flows of a papermaking process. In the invention, a first flow (V1) is conveyed through a tube (1 ), and turbulence is generated in it by means of form parts (4a to 4d) located on the inner periphery (3) of the tube. The mixing zone of the mixer comprises feed openings (8, 11, 30, 40) on the inner periphery of the tube for feeding a second flow (V2) from a feed channel (7) outside the tube (1) into the first flow (V1), whereby the flows are mixed as a result of the turbulence generated by the form parts. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one form part comprises a feed opening (8).

Description

The invention relates to a method of mixing flows with each other in a papermaking process, comprising the features defined in the preamble of claim 1.
The invention further relates to a mixer for mixing flows in a papermaking process, comprising the features defined in the preamble of claim 5.
The invention further relates to feeding equipment of a head box of a paper machine, comprising the mixer according to the invention.
There is a plurality of objects in different papermaking processes in which other pulp flows or various additives, such as coloring, filling and retention agents; are mixed into the main flow formed of liquid and pulp. It is typical to mix retention chemicals that bind solid matter particles into the fiber suspension flow headed for the head box of a paper machine, which retention chemicals allow improvement of the retention of fines and filler agents in the wire section of the paper machine. The mixing of different components can be performed with what are called tube mixers. Thus, the additive is conveyed into the pulp flow through tubes or nozzles arranged on the side of the pulp tube. However, the arrangement has not brought about a mixing result that would be sufficiently good. Attempts have also been made to feed a jet of additive at a very fast rate into the pulp flow, whereby the desired effect would have been for the additive jet to better penetrate into the pulp flow. Unfortunately, the problem here is that some additives, such as a retention agent, adheres to the surface of the fiber or other solid matter in an unpreferred manner when being fed at a fast rate, which results in what is called flat conformation, for example, and the additive no longer has the desired retention relative to the filling agent or fines. Further, the result may be unpreferred degradation of the retention agent because of too great shear forces. Due to these aspects, the final product is subjected to detrimental variation of the profile.
Further, in order to improve the mixing, injection nozzles can be used that extend some distance into the inside of the pulp tube. The problem is, however, that the ends of the nozzles inside the pulp tube gather impurities, which makes the feed of the additive more difficult and deteriorates the quality of the final product.
A mixer comprising the structural features defined in the preamble of claim 5 is disclosed in document JP-A-07204480 . This document also discloses a method of mixing two flows comprising the method steps summarized in the preamble of claim 1, wherein, however, this document does not disclose that the method of mixing two flows is performed in a papermaking process.
A mixer for mixing flows comprising the structural features defined in the preamble of claim 5 and a method of mixing two flows comprising the method steps summarized in the preamble of claim 1 is also known from document US-A-4 123 800 and document US-A-3 219 483 , wherein the mixer and the method of mixing according to document US-A-4 123 800 are primarily intended for mixing a liquid fertilizer into a carrier stream of a liquid such as water, and wherein the mixer and the method of mixing according to document US-A-3 219 483 are intended for being used for the continuous gelatinization of starch used in the papermaking industry.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of mixing flows in a papermaking process and a corresponding improved mixer.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the method defined in claim 1 and by the mixer defined in claim 5.
In the method and mixes of the invention, the first flow of the papermaking process is conveyed in a tube which is provided with one or more form parts arranged on the inner periphery of the tube. The form parts comprise form part surfaces which extend a predetermined distance from the inner periphery of the tube towards the middle of the tube. In the following, these form part surfaces are called the control surfaces. The form parts influence the flow flowing in the tube and generate turbulence in the flow. The zone that begins in the flowing direction after the nearest process component preceding the form part, i.e. after a pump or screen, for instance, and that ends after the form parts at the point where the mixing effect of the turbulence generated by the form parts has essentially weakened is in this description and the claims called the mixing zone of the tube. The inner periphery of the tube and the control surfaces of the form parts define together the inner surface of the tube in the mixing zone, i.e. the surface that contacts the flow flowing through the mixing zone. The at least one form part comprises one or more feed openings on the inner surface of the tube, which openings are in connection with the feed channels outside the tube. From said feed openings, at least one second flow is fed into the first flow flowing in the tube. The form parts function as mechanical mixing members, and the turbulence generated by them mixes the flows efficiently with each other. Owing to the form parts, the penetration of the second flow into the first flow is improved. The rate of the flow flowing through the mixing zone can be kept relatively slow, and yet, good mixing can be achieved. Owing to the mixing that is better than previously, problems resulting from poor mixing can be avoided in the manufacturing stages after the mixer. The invention enables manufacture of products of more uniform quality. In addition, since the mixing is good, expensive additive chemicals can be used in amounts smaller than previously. Earlier, it has been necessary to compensate for the poor mixing by feeding an excessive amount of additive chemicals into the pulp flow.
Through the feed opening in the form part, the second flow is fed from the outside of the tube into the first flow flowing in the tube. The form parts allow the flow to be fed closer to the middle of the flow flowing in the tube, which makes the mixing of the flows more efficient. Since the feed opening is at the same level as the control surface of the form part, and further, since the form part is designed to remain easily clean, the form part and the feed opening arranged in it do not gather impurities.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the first flow is a mixture of liquid and solid matter used in papermaking, for example a mixture of fibers and water, and the second flow is paper making chemical, such as a retention agent.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 12, the mixer is arranged in the feeder line headed for the head box of a paper machine, after a mechanical screen. Thus, the first component of a two-component retention agent can at first be fed via feed openings in the mixing zone into the first flow flowing in the tube, and the flocs made by the first component are formed as desired by means of the form parts after the feeding point, after which the second retention agent component is fed either from the point where the form parts form the flocs as desired or thereafter. In this way, the shear force required for the formation of the flocs as desired are achieved by means of the form parts, and not with mechanical screens, as previously. Hence, the rejecting effect of screens and the degradation of the chemical in the screen can be avoided, and in this the consumption of expensive retention agents can be reduced.
The invention is described in greater detail in the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows a schematic and perspective view of a tube mixer;
Figures 2 to 4 show a schematic view of mixers according to the invention, seen from the side and being cut out;
Figure 5 shows a schematic view of a mixer according to the invention, seen from the longitudinal direction and as a cross-section;
Figures 6a to 6c show a schematic view of applications according to the invention; and
Figure 7 further shows a schematic view of an application according to the invention, seen from the side and being cut out.
Figures are greatly simplified for the sake of clarity. The reference numerals of the figures correspond to each other.
Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a tube mixer without equipment relating to the feed of an additive or the like. The mixer comprises a tube 1, through which a first flow V₁ is conveyed; the flow can be a mixture of liquid and solid matter, such as a mixture of fiber and water, or it can be mere liquid. Form parts 4a to 4c are arranged on the inner periphery 3 of the tube 1, the cross-section of the tube being wave-like at this point. The form parts protrude from the inner periphery of the tube and form control surfaces 5, by means of which the flow V₁ is controlled and turbulence is generated in the flow. The number, form and dimensioning of the form parts and their positions relative to each other are designed in a case-specific manner. Preferably, there are at least three form parts arranged on the inner periphery 3 of the tube at even distances from each other and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the tube substantially at the same point. One preferred shape of form parts is indicated in Figure 1. Seen from the direction of flow, the area of the wedge-shaped form parts 4b and 4c is at first approximately zero, because its front edge is a line-like surface in the direction of the periphery. When proceeding towards the direction of flow, the line-like surface grows in the direction of the radius into a cross-section in the form of a sector of a circle. At the same time as it is growing in the direction of the radius of the tube 1, the form part begins to diminish in the direction of the periphery, and the rear edge of the form part becomes line-like again. Hence, the solids in the flow, such as fibers, do not adhere to it, but the form is substantially without stagnation points and remains thus easily clean. The form parts can also be arranged in the way opposite to what is shown in Figure 1 in respect of the form parts 4b and 4c, i.e in such a way that the sharp edge of the radius is directed forwards. Combining a desired number of form parts having an appropriate shape and dimensioning at the mixing point of the tube allows an appropriate mixer to be tailored for each purpose.
Later, in Figures 2 to 5 and Figure 7, the form parts are illustrated for the sake of clarity in a simplified manner as wedge-like parts. In addition, figures only illustrate a part of the form parts of the mixer.
Figure 2 shows a preferred application of the invention. The form parts 4a to 4b are here provided with a transverse boring 6. The first end of the boring is in connection with the feed channel of the additive component or another feed channel 7 outside the tube 1, and at the second end of the boring 6 there is a feed opening 8, which is in connection with the space limited by the tube 1. Thus, the second flow V₂ can be fed from the feed channel 7 into the first flow V₁, whereby the flows mix with each other owing to the turbulence caused by the form parts. The second flow V₂ can be liquid or a mixture of liquid and solid matter. The second flow V₂ is for example a mixture of water and fiber pulp, a papermaking chemical, such as a retention or coloring agent, or it may be for example a filler agent, dilution water or a paper machine filtrate, e.g. clear or cloudy water. Further, the second flow may be for example wire water or head box pulp. Furthermore, the second flow may be a combination of an appropriate gas and solid matter.
In connection with the feed opening 8, there may be a nozzle 9, which feeds the second flow V₂ into the first flow V₁ in the desired manner. The nozzle allows control of the flow rate of the flow V₂ and thus also the penetration into the first flow V₁. In the same way, the nozzle allows generation of turbulence in the second flow to be fed, which improves the mixing of the flows with each other. Further, for instance the additive can be fed together with the feed water through the nozzle, whereby the dosing of the additive can be affected by the control of the flow and pressure of the feed water. As can yet be seen when observing the lower form part in the figure, there may be several feed openings in one form part. Either different substances or, as the figure shows, a single substance can be fed from the several feed openings in a single form part.
Figures 2 and 3 show the mixing zone S of the tube, where one or more second flows V₂ is/are mixed into the first flow V₁, the second flow being led from the feed channel 7 outside the tube 1. The mixing zone S can begin as early as before the front edge of the first form part. The mixing zone begins as early as after the nearest process component 18 preceding the form part in the flowing direction, for instance a pump or screen, because in this case, too, the form part can contribute to the uniform distribution of the additive. The mixing part S ends after the form parts at the point where the mixing effect of the turbulence generated by the form parts has substantially weakened.
Example
The diameter of the tube was 350 mm, the greatest dimension of the form part in the radial dimension of the tube was 120 mm, and the length of the form part in the direction of the axis of the tube was 200 mm. Pulp having the flow rate of 3m/s in the tube was conveyed in the tube to the head box of a paper machine. The mixing turbulence weakened at a distance of 1,100 mm from the rear edge of the form part.
In the solution of Figure 3, the form parts 4a and 4b are hollow, whereby one or more injection tubes 10 is/are conveyed through at least some of the form parts, along which injection tubes the second flow V₂ is fed from the feed channel 7 into the inside of the tube 1. The outermost ends of the injection tubes 10 thus form a feed opening 8, which is at substantially the same level as the outer surface of the form part in such a way that no stagnation points gathering impurity are brought about in the form part. The outermost end of the injection tube can be provided with an appropriate nozzle. Further, additives or other flows can be fed into the first flow V₁ even before the form parts 4a and 4b. Thus, nozzles 11 arranged on the inner periphery of the tube 1 can be used, or alternatively, second form parts 12a and 12b are arranged on the inner periphery of the tube 1, through which parts the additive component can also be fed. Also the second form parts 12a, 12b achieve turbulence in the flow V₁ and improve the mixing. The solution according to Figure 3 enables the use of two-component additives. Thus, the first additive component L₁ is fed before the form parts 4a, 4b, the second additive component L₂ being fed later through the form parts 4a, 4b and/or after the form parts for instance via a nozzle 30. This enables the feed of both components of the two-component retention agent only after the machine screen. Together with the solids of the pulp mixture, the first retention agent component forms what are called flocs, which are degraded by means of the shear force provided by the form parts 4a, 4b of the mixer. Then, the second retention agent component is fed via the feed openings 8 in the form parts and/or via the nozzle 30, which component re-forms the flocs as desired. This solution allows a substantial reduction in the consumption of the retention agent compared with the solutions presently in use, in which the first retention agent component is dosed before the machine screen, in which case, typically, part of the expensive retention agent mixes with the reject separated by the screen.
As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, the feed openings can be directed in a desired manner, either perpendicularly relative to the first flow,or upstream or downstream, depending on the situation.
Figure 4 shows a mixer having hollow form parts 4a, 4b. Thus, for example, an additive component is fed from the feed channel 7 into the hollow space 13 of the form parts, which additive component is dosed into the space limited by the tube 1 through one or more feed openings 8 formed on the control surface 5 of the form part. The number, form and position of feed openings can be selected according to the situation. The feed openings can be formed on the control surface of the form part in accordance with a predetermined pattern.
Figure 5 shows a mixer according to the invention, seen from the end of the tube 1. In this case, the form parts 4a to 4d have a curved control surface 5. Through each form part, a different flow is conveyed into the inside of the tube 1. Further, a flow can be fed into the first flow through one or more feed openings 40 positioned between the form parts.
Figure 6a shows an application according to the invention. A pulp component is fed with a pump 16 along the primary line 17 to the machine screen 18, after which the pulp component is conveyed in the tube 1 to the head box 50 of the paper machine. In this case, the mixing zone S begins after the nearest process component preceding the head box, i.e. after the screen 18. Form parts have been arranged in the tube portion between the screen 18 and the head box 50, and additive flows required are supplied to the mixing zone in the manner according to the invention. The screen 18 can be a screen structure known per se, such as a slotted basket screen or hole basket screen. In the application according to Figure 6b, the pulp line is divided into at least two secondary lines 19 after the screen 18, along which the pulp component is conveyed to the head box of a wire section functioning with a separate web arrangement of the paper machine, i.e. to a multilayer head box 20, which doses a web having two or several layers to the wire section of the paper machine. At least one of the secondary lines 19 comprises a mixer 21 according to the invention, which mixer enables for instance the feed of a two-component retention agent after the machine screen. The mixing of each secondary line and the addition of additives can be controlled separately.
The solution shown in Figure 6c substantially corresponds to the one shown in Figure 6b, except that here the nearest process component preceding the head box (20) is a pump (16). Thus, the mixing zone (S) extends from the pump (16) to the head box (20).
Owing to the improved penetration and mixing, additives can be fed from one or more smaller feed conduits, whereby in the paper machine, the variation of the web profile in the machine direction and cross-direction is reduced. In other words, the web profile is thus more even and there is not so much need for fixing. When the scale of mixing is reduced in the way described above, the mixing result is better. Thus, the formation, i.e. the small-scale basis weight variation is improved, in other words the formation reading is reduced. Owing to the reduction in the profile variation and the basis weight variation, the feed point of the retention agent, for example, can be positioned closer to the head box. Thus, chemicals can be saved, because the effect of some retention agents weakens as the effective time increases. The cross-machine profile of the filling agent cannot be fixed in the paper machine. Weak or uneven feed of retention agent results in a poor filling agent profile. The feed of the retention agent can be improved by means of the invention, whereby the filling agent retention is more even, and therefore also the filling agent profile is more even.
The upper embodiment of Figure 7 illustrates a mixer in which a mixture of two different components L₁ and L₂ is fed through the form part 4. Thus, for example some filling agent or fiber pulp can be fed via the first feed channel 7, and for example some chemical can be fed via the second feed channel 31, whereby the components are mixed with each other before the mixture formed thereof is dosed into the flow V₁. If the first component to be mixed is a mixture of liquid and solid matter, for example a paper machine filtrate, and the second component is a retention agent, the time of the pre-mixing of said components is fixed in such a way that the retention agent does not have time to react in an undesired way with the solid matter particles in the first component. A solution of this kind enables dilution of a retention agent and other chemicals also with impure liquids containing solid matter before they are fed into the first flow.
In the lower solution of Figure 7, the mixer comprises three successive form parts in the longitudinal direction of the tube. The additive L₁ is fed through the first form part 12 and a second additive L₂ is fed through the third form part 32. The second, i.e. the middlemost, form part 4 functions as a static mixing member. A solution of this kind is well applicable to the dosing of two-component chemicals.
The drawings and the related specification are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. The details of the invention can vary within the scope of the claims. Thus, the shape of the form part can be selected according to the need. The form part can thus be wedge-shaped or pyramid-shaped, a part comprising curved surfaces, or otherwise appropriately designed. What is essential is that the form part comprises control surfaces which achieve a sufficient turbulence in the pulp flow for the purpose of mixing. In addition, it is essential that the form parts remain clean in the flow of pulp components. Further, the form parts can be arranged to be adjustable, whereby their position relative to the tube (on the periphery of the tube and in the longitudinal direction of the tube) and/or their shape can be adjusted to achieve the desired mixing. The control surfaces of the form parts can be controlled to extend a desired distance from the periphery of the tube towards the inner part of the periphery of the tube, for example.

Claims

A method of mixing flows in a papermaking process,
wherein a first flow (V₁) is conveyed through a tube (1) to a mixing zone (S) formed in the tube (1),
wherein a second flow (V₂) is fed into the first flow (V₁) through at least one feed opening (8),
wherein turbulence is generated in the first flow (V₁) in the mixing zone (S) by means of flow control surfaces (5) of a form part means provided on the inner periphery of the tube (1) in the mixing zone (S), the flow control surfaces (5) extending a predetermined distance from the inner periphery of the tube (1) towards the middle of the tube (1), and
wherein, for feeding the second flow (V₂) into the first flow (V₁), the at least one feed opening (8) is positioned in the form part means,
characterized
by composing the form part means of one form part (4) or of more than one form parts (4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) extending over only a portion of the inner periphery of the tube (1) such that the inner surface of the mixing zone (S) at the location of the at least one form part (4; 4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) is defined by the flow control surfaces (5) of the form part (4) or of the form parts (4a to 4d; 4b, 12,b; 12, 32) together with the inner periphery of the tube (1).
The method according to claim 1, characterized by conveying a fiber suspension as the first flow (V₁) through the tube (1) and feeding a papermaking chemical as the second flow (V₂) into the fiber suspension.
The method according to claim 2, characterized by the first component of a two-component retention agent being fed prior to the at least one form part (4a, 4b) via a feed opening (11) into the fiber suspension, which component forms flocs together with the solid matter in the fiber suspension, said flocs being broken by means of the turbulence generated by the at least one form part (4a, 4b), wherein the second component of the retention agent, which re-forms the flocs as desired, is fed into the fiber suspension after the at least one form part (4a, 4b).
The method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the second flow (V₂) is formed by mixing with each other a first additive component (L₁) and a second additive component (L₂) prior to feeding the second flow (V2) into the first flow (V₁).
A mixer for mixing flows in a papermaking process, comprising
a tube (1) for conveying a first flow (V₁),
a mixing zone (S) formed in the tube (1),
a feed channel (7) for conveying a second flow (V₂), the feed channel (7) being connected with at least one feed opening (8) for feeding through the at least one feed opening (8) the second flow (V₂) into the first flow (V₁), and
a form part means provided on the inner periphery of the tube (1) in the mixing zone (S),
wherein the form part means comprises flow control surfaces (5) extending a predetermined distance from the inner periphery of the tube (1) towards the middle of the tube (1) for generating turbulence in the first flow (V₁) in the mixing zone (S), and
wherein the form part means comprises the at least one feed opening (8),
characterized
in that the form part means is composed of one form part (4) or of more than one form parts (4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) extending over only a portion of the inner periphery of the tube (1) such that the inner surface of the mixing zone (S) at the location of the at least one form part (4; 4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) is defined by the flow control surfaces (5) of the form part (4) or of the form parts (4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) together with the inner periphery of the tube (1).
The mixer according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of the form parts (4a to 4d; 4b, 12b; 12, 32) is at least two, wherein at least two of the form parts (4b; 12b; 12, 32) are successively arranged, seen in the longitudinal direction of the tube (1).
The mixer according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the form part (4a, 4b) comprises a transverse boring (6), the first end of which being connected with the feed channel (7) outside the tube (1) and the second end of which being connected with the at least one feed opening (8) comprised in the form part (4a, 4b).
The mixer according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the form part (4a, 4b) is hollow, in that the feed channel (7) is connected with the hollow space (13) of the form part (4a, 4b), and in that the at least one feed opening (8) is formed on the form part surfaces (5) of the form part (4a, 4b).
The mixer according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the position of the form part (4a to 4b) relative to the tube (1) is adjustable.
The mixer according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the shape of the form part (4a to 4d) is adjustable.
A feeding equipment for a head box of a paper machine, comprising a primary line (17) through which a first flow is conveyed to the head box (20; 25), a process component, such as a pump (16) or screen (18), arranged in the primary line (17), and a mixer (12) according to one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the mixing zone (S) of the mixer extends from the nearest process component (16; 18) preceding the head box to the head box (20; 25).
The feeding equipment according to claim 11, characterized by comprising in the mixing zone (S) upstream of the at least one form part (4a, 4b) a feed opening (11) for conveying the first component of a two-component retention agent into the first flow (V₁) flowing through the tube (1), and a second feed opening (30) for feeding the second component of the retention agent into the flow mixed by the turbulence generated by the at least one form part (4a, 4b).
The feeding equipment according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the primary line (17) is divided after the nearest process component (16; 18) preceding the head box (20) into at least two secondary tubes (19), along which the first flow is conveyed from the process component (16; 18) to a multilayer head box (20) or to a head box of the wire section functioning with a separate web arrangement, and that at least one of the secondary tubes (19) comprises the mixer (21).