EP1368398A1 - Isocyanatfreie schäumbare mischungen - Google Patents
Isocyanatfreie schäumbare mischungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1368398A1 EP1368398A1 EP02712850A EP02712850A EP1368398A1 EP 1368398 A1 EP1368398 A1 EP 1368398A1 EP 02712850 A EP02712850 A EP 02712850A EP 02712850 A EP02712850 A EP 02712850A EP 1368398 A1 EP1368398 A1 EP 1368398A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactive diluent
- foamable mixtures
- mixtures according
- groups
- isocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 title description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 C1- C6 alkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003707 silyl modified polymer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011493 spray foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005369 trialkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002323 Silicone foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011346 highly viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical group CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(4+) Chemical class [Sn+4] SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/71—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates
- C08G18/718—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/778—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2190/00—Compositions for sealing or packing joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the invention relates to isocyanate-free foamable mixtures.
- Sprayable assembly foams are used to fill cavities, especially in the construction sector. Here they are for sealing joints, e.g. used for windows and doors, where they lead to good thermal insulation as excellent insulating materials. Other applications include the insulation of pipelines or the foaming of cavities in technical devices.
- PU foams polyurethane foams
- the foam structure is produced by adding a volatile blowing agent to the still uncrosslinked raw material and / or by carbon dioxide, the latter being formed by a reaction of isocyanates with water.
- the foam is usually released from pressure cans by the internal pressure of the blowing agent.
- Alcohols with two or more OH groups - especially branched and unbranched polyols - or water are used as reactants for the isocyanates.
- the latter reacts with isocyanates with the aforementioned release of carbon dioxide to form primary amines, which can then add directly to another, as yet unused isocyanate group.
- Urethane or urea units are formed due to their high polarity and their ability to form hydrogen bonds in the cured material Can form semi-crystalline substructures and thus lead to foams with high hardness, pressure and tear resistance.
- Gases are usually used as blowing agents, which can be condensed even at relatively low pressure and thus
- Prepolymer mixture can be mixed in the liquid state without the spray cans having to be exposed to excessively high pressures.
- the prepolymer blends also contain other additives such as e.g. Foam stabilizers, emulsifiers, flame retardants,
- Plasticizers and catalysts are mostly organic tin (IV) compounds or tertiary amines.
- titanium (IV) or iron (III) complexes are also suitable here.
- PU spray foams are produced both as so-called one-component (1K) and as two-component (2K) foams.
- the IK foams cure exclusively through the contact of the isocyanate-containing prepolymer mixture with the air humidity.
- the carbon dioxide released in the lK foams during the curing reaction can also support the foam formation.
- Two-component foams contain an isocyanate and a polyol component, which must be mixed well just before foaming and harden through the reaction of the polyol with the isocyanates.
- the advantage of 2K systems is an extremely short curing time of some. just a few minutes to complete curing. However, they have the disadvantage that they require a more complicated pressure cell with two chambers and, moreover, are much less comfortable to use than the 1-component systems.
- the cured PU foams are characterized above all by their excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, they have very good adhesion to most substrates and are of almost any resistance under dry and UV-protected conditions. Further advantages are the toxicological harmlessness the cured foams from the point in time at which all isocyanate units have reacted quantitatively, as well as in their drafty curing and easy handling. Because of these properties, PU foams have been very successful in practice.
- the PU spray foams have the critical disadvantage that the isocyanate groups can also have extremely irritating and toxic effects due to their high reactivity. Also, the wet nurse, which can form through a reaction of monomeric diisocyanates with an excess of water, is suspected in many cases to be carcinogenic. Such monomeric diisocyanates are also contained in most spray foam mixtures in addition to the isocyanate-containing prepolymers. Therefore, the uncrosslinked spray foam materials are not toxicologically harmless until they have fully hardened. In addition to the direct contact of the prepolymer mixture with the skin, the critical factor here is also the possible formation of aerosols during the application of the foam or the evaporation of low molecular weight components, e.g. of monomeric isocyanates.
- isocyanate-terminated prepolymers are obtained. These can then be reacted in a second reaction step with aminoalkyltrimethoxysilanes to give the desired alkoxysilane-terminated polyurethane prepolymers.
- These prepolymers can condense with one another under the action of a suitable catalyst in the presence of water with elimination of methanol and thereby harden. The water can be added as such or come from contact with the air humidity. Thus, both 1K and 2K foams can be produced with such a system.
- a disadvantage of this system is, on the one hand, the very high viscosities of those alkoxysilane-terminated prepolymers which have a sufficiently high content of crosslinkable groups to be suitable for the production of hard foams.
- the alkoxysilyl groups are bound to the prepolymer via urea units, which, because of their high polarity and their ability to form hydrogen bonds, lead to a drastic increase in viscosity.
- prepolymers with a sufficiently high content of alkoxysilyl groups can only be handled when diluted by the blowing agent, so that the last reaction step, termination with alkoxysilyl groups, must already be carried out in the presence of the blowing agent, but this can only be achieved industrially with considerable additional effort .
- the preparation of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers is also relatively complex. It is carried out by reacting polyols with a large excess of diisocyanates and then removing the excess diisocyanate by distillation. On a smaller excess of diisocyanate would lead to higher molecular weight and thus even higher viscosity products.
- Alkoxysilane-terminated polyurethanes are partly from other fields of application. known for a long time, e.g. from EP-B-170 856 for the production of elastic synthetic resin compositions, e.g. from WO 97/40103 for sealant applications, e.g. from US-A-5118290 for the production of impression materials in the dental field or e.g. from DE-A-199 14 884 for the production of glass fiber sizes.
- EP-B-170 856 for the production of elastic synthetic resin compositions
- WO 97/40103 for sealant applications
- US-A-5118290 for the production of impression materials in the dental field
- DE-A-199 14 884 for the production of glass fiber sizes.
- these are exclusively highly viscous prepolymers and / or prepolymers which cure only to relatively soft and elastic masses and are therefore completely unsuitable for the production of sprayable rigid foams.
- the invention relates to isocyanate-free foamable
- the low-viscosity reactive diluent (B) is incorporated into the resulting three-dimensional network via the reactive alkoxysilyl groups during the curing of the foam.
- the reactive diluent (B) is sufficiently low-viscosity to noticeably reduce the viscosity of the foamable mixture.
- the reactive diluent preferably has a viscosity of at most 3, in particular at most 2 Pas at 20 ° C.
- the low-viscosity reactive diluent (B) preferably has a sufficiently high density of reactive groups so that it can be incorporated into the resulting network during curing without reducing the network density.
- the low-viscosity reactive diluent (B) preferably has only crosslinkable C 1 -C 6 -alkoxysilyl groups which have the same or lower reactivity to water than the alkoxysilyl groups of the prepolymers (A). Higher reactivities would mean that the reactive thinner would initially prevent the condensation of the prepolymers by trapping the atmospheric moisture.
- the low-viscosity reactive diluent (B) is preferably so reactive that it does not noticeably slow down the curing rate.
- the foamable mixtures preferably contain at least 5, in particular at least 10 parts by weight of reactive diluent (B) and at most 80, particularly preferably at most 60 parts by weight of reactive diluent (B).
- the reactive diluent (B) can preferably be mixed as desired with the prepolymers (A).
- the reactive diluent preferably corresponds to the general formula I.
- Q is a y-functional organic radical consisting of branched, unbranched or cyclic carbon chains, optionally interrupted by groups which are composed of atoms which are selected from C, N, O, H and S, optionally substituted by halogen atoms, C_- bis
- radicals R used are preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or - alkenyl radicals, in particular methyl and / or vinyl groups.
- the functional radicals Q used are preferably trifunctional or quatrofunctional radicals, ie y is preferably 3 or 4. Preferably y is at most 10. Particularly preferred radicals are those which correspond to one of the general formulas II or III: H 2 ) Z -
- z is an integer from 1-10, preferably from 1-6, particularly preferably 1 or 3.
- Reactive diluents (B) of the general formula IV are also preferred
- Aryloxy groups and n are an integer, n being chosen so that the reactive diluent (B) has a viscosity of at most 5 Pas at 20 ° C.
- Mixtures of compounds of the general formula IV are preferably used, the average n of which is 0 to 100, preferably 1 to 20.
- the radicals W are preferably methyl, vinyl or methoxy groups, particularly preferably methyl or vinyl groups.
- reactive diluents B
- Such compounds can also be incorporated into the network formed in the event of a reaction with atmospheric moisture, but they only lead to additional network points if all three alkoxy groups are split off and all three resulting OH groups are listed
- reactive diluents with only one reactive alkoxysilyl group can be present in the isocyanate-free foamable mixtures according to the invention in addition to the reactive diluents (B) with at least two reactive alkoxysilyl groups.
- their maximum proportion is 5, in particular 1 part by weight.
- all isocyanate-free alkoxysilane-terminated polymers are suitable as prepolymers (A), in particular those which contain units which are selected from urethane, urea, ether, carbonyl, ester units, aromatic, linear aliphatic and cycloaliphatic units.
- Polyurethane prepolyes are particularly suitable. They can be used, for example, with the reactions of NCO-terminated prepolymers described in WO 00/04069 produce suitable amino or mercaptoalkytrialkoxysilanes. Another possibility is to react amino- or mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes with an excess of di- or polyisocyanates, followed by a reaction of the excess NCO groups with suitable OH-terminated prepolymers, for example with OH-terminated polyols or polyurethanes. Furthermore, the corresponding alkyl dialkoxysilyl compounds can also be used in the reactions described above as functional silanes instead of the trialkoxysilyl compounds. Alkyl dialkoxysilane-terminated prepolymers (A) are then obtained.
- Prepolymers (A) which have methoxysilyl groups as crosslinkable units are preferably used.
- Prepolymers (A) which are obtained using the silanes of the general formulas V, VI and VII are particularly preferred
- All common di- or polyisocyanates can be used in the synthesis of the prepolymers (A), e.g. of diisocyanatodiphenylrnethan (MDI), both in the form of crude or technical MDI and in the form of pure 4,4 'or 2,4' isomers or mixtures thereof, of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) in the form of its various isomers or isomer mixtures,
- MDI diisocyanatodiphenylrnethan
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- Diisocyanatonaphthalene NDI
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- polyols polyester polyols and polyether polyols, as have been described many times in the literature. In principle, however, all poly, oligomeric or monomeric alcohols with two or more OH functions can be used.
- H2- or OH-terminated prepolymers e.g. OH-terminated polyols NH2-terminated polyamines or OH- or NH2-terminated
- Polyurethanes implemented with suitable isocyanato- or epoxy-functional alkoxysilanes.
- isocyanato- or epoxy-functional alkoxysilanes are also suitable here.
- the isocyanate-free foamable mixtures are preferably prepared in such a way that the reactive diluent (B) is added before or during the synthesis of the alkoxysilane-terminated prepolymers (A).
- the reactive diluent (B) must be unreactive with isocyanates since it is already present before all the isocyanate groups have reacted.
- the reactive diluent (B) is preferably miscible with all starting materials and intermediates.
- blowing agents (C) are suitable gases which can be condensed even at relatively low pressures and which are also used for the production of conventional isocyanate-containing spray foams.
- Common blowing agents are, for example, hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons each having 1-5, in particular 3-5 carbon atoms or dimethyl ether and mixtures thereof.
- a curing catalyst (D) is generally imperative.
- the organic tin compounds commonly used for this purpose e.g. Dibutyltin dilaurate, in question. But also organic titanates as well as numerous organic and inorganic ones
- Heavy metal compounds can be used here.
- the rate of crosslinking can also be increased further by adding cocatalysts.
- the most diverse amino compounds should be mentioned here, especially the aminosilanes such as aminopropyltrialkoxysilane or N-aminoethylaminopropyltrialkoxysilane. These compounds can also serve as adhesion promoters at the same time.
- the isocyanate-free foamable mixtures also contain the usual additives, such as foam stabilizers and other cell regulators, flame retardants, thixotropic agents and / or plasticizers.
- foam stabilizers the commercially available silicone oligos modified by polyether side chains can be used in particular.
- Suitable flame retardants include the known phosphorus-containing compounds, especially phosphates and phosphonates, and also halogenated polyesters and polyols or chlorinated paraffins.
- the isocyanate-free foamable mixtures according to the invention can be used directly as one-component isocyanate-free spray foams.
- the isocyanate-free foamable mixtures according to the invention can also only be mixed after the precursors for the prepolymer (A) have been mixed with the components reactive diluent (B). Propellant gas component (C) and curing catalyst (D) are formed.
- Prepolymer mixture that can be easily poured and processed at 50 ° C with a viscosity of 16.4 Pas.
- Example 2 50 g of the prepolymer mixture from Example 1 are mixed with 1.2 g
- Foam stabilizer PC STAB EP 05 (Wacker Chemie GmbH, Ger any), 0.25 g COTIN® 222 (Cosan Chemical Corporation, Carlstadt, USA) as catalyst and 1.5 g AMS 70 (Wacker Chemie GmbH, Germany) mixed as co-catalyst. This mixture is then poured into a pressure glass with a valve and 12 ml of 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R 134) is applied as the blowing agent.
- Foam is extremely hard and has a good pore structure.
- Comparative Example 1 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but the addition of tris (D-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate as a reactive diluent is dispensed with in the second reaction step. A highly viscous material is obtained which is no longer pourable at 50 ° C. Mixing with the blowing agent in the pressure glass (cf. Example 2) is no longer possible with this material.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10108038A DE10108038C1 (de) | 2001-02-20 | 2001-02-20 | Isocyanatfreie schäumbare Mischungen |
| DE10108038 | 2001-02-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/000726 WO2002068491A1 (de) | 2001-02-20 | 2002-01-24 | Isocyanatfreie schäumbare mischungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1368398A1 true EP1368398A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
Family
ID=7674791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02712850A Withdrawn EP1368398A1 (de) | 2001-02-20 | 2002-01-24 | Isocyanatfreie schäumbare mischungen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1368398A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10108038C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002068491A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10311723A1 (de) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-10-07 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Isocyanatfreie schäumbare Mischungen |
| DE10317881A1 (de) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-11 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Isocyanatfreie schäumbare Mischungen mit verbessertem Brandverhalten |
| US7925953B2 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2011-04-12 | Nokia Corporation | Redundancy strategy selection scheme |
| DE102007016791A1 (de) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh | Schaumbildende, sich verfestigende Zusammensetzungen zur Abformung von Oberflächen und dafür geeignete Abformlöffel |
| US20240269026A1 (en) * | 2022-02-03 | 2024-08-15 | Universal Tech Corporation | Decubitus Prevention Device |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19619538A1 (de) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Alkoxysilan- und Hydantoingruppen aufweisende Polyurethanprepolymere, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Dichtstoffen |
| US5990257A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-11-23 | Witco Corporation | Process for producing prepolymers which cure to improved sealants, and products formed thereby |
| DE19831285A1 (de) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-01-20 | Rathor Ag Appenzell | Prepolymerabmischung mit Silan-terminierten Prepolymeren |
-
2001
- 2001-02-20 DE DE10108038A patent/DE10108038C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-24 WO PCT/EP2002/000726 patent/WO2002068491A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-24 EP EP02712850A patent/EP1368398A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02068491A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002068491A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 |
| DE10108038C1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
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