EP1379700A2 - Procede a microreseau permettant d'enrichir des fragments d'adn provenant de melanges complexes - Google Patents

Procede a microreseau permettant d'enrichir des fragments d'adn provenant de melanges complexes

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Publication number
EP1379700A2
EP1379700A2 EP02737945A EP02737945A EP1379700A2 EP 1379700 A2 EP1379700 A2 EP 1379700A2 EP 02737945 A EP02737945 A EP 02737945A EP 02737945 A EP02737945 A EP 02737945A EP 1379700 A2 EP1379700 A2 EP 1379700A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dna
pcr
malfunction
damage
oligonucleotides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02737945A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Distler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Epigenomics AG
Original Assignee
Epigenomics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epigenomics AG filed Critical Epigenomics AG
Publication of EP1379700A2 publication Critical patent/EP1379700A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6811—Selection methods for production or design of target specific oligonucleotides or binding molecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
    • C12Q1/6837—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a method for the selective enrichment of DNA sections with desired sequence properties from complex DNA mixtures, which were produced by amplifications. These enriched DNA fragments obtained by the present invention can then be analyzed in more detail by standard methods.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the oligonucleotides initiate DNA synthesis, which is catalyzed by a thermostable DNA polymerase. Typically, there is a melting and reannealing step in each round of synthesis. This allows a given DNA sequence to be amplified by several orders of magnitude in less than an hour.
  • PCR Due to the simplicity and reproducibility of these reactions, the PCR has achieved wide acceptance. For example, PCR is used to diagnose inherited malfunctions and suspected illnesses. PCR reactions using more than two different primers are also known. In most cases, they are used for the amplification of several fragments, likewise at least largely known in their base sequence, at the same time in one vessel. In this case too, the primers used specifically bind to certain sections of the template DNA. In such cases one speaks of “multiplex-PCR”, mostly it only has the aim of being able to amplify several specific fragments at the same time and thus to save material and experimental effort.
  • the sample to be examined is first amplified, either starting from genomic DNA or RNA. It is usually necessary to label at least one of the primers, e.g. B. with a fluorescent dye to identify the fragment in subsequent experiments.
  • This amplified DNA is used for the identification of mutations and polymorphisms.
  • an analytical method for this comes e.g. the primer extension reaction, sequencing according to Sanger or z.
  • PCR amplifications e.g. "Whole genome amplifications" (random PCR) are used for the simultaneous duplication of a large number of fragments from DNA samples.
  • the highly diverse fragments obtained can be used, among other things, for genotyping, mutation analysis and related subject areas.
  • oligomer array production can be found in a special edition of Nature Genetics published in January 1999 (Nature Genetics Supplement, Volume 21, January 1999), the literature cited therein and US Pat. No. 5,994,065 on methods for the production of solid supports for target molecules such as oligonucleotides.
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acids
  • PNA peptide nucleic acids
  • LNA locked nucleic acids
  • PNA Peptide Nucleic Acids
  • LNA Locked Nucleic Acids
  • 5-Methylcytosine is the most common covalently modified base in the DNA of eukaryotic cells. For example, it plays a role in the regulation of transcription, in genetic imprinting and in tumorigenesis. The identification of 5-methylcytosine as a component of genetic information is therefore of considerable interest. However, 5-methylcytosine positions cannot be identified by sequencing because 5-methylcytosine has the same base pairing behavior as cytosine. In addition, in the case of PCR amplification, the epigenetic information which the 5-methylcytosines carry is completely lost.
  • the state of the art in terms of sensitivity is defined by a method which includes the DNA to be examined in an agarose matrix, thereby preventing the diffusion and renaturation of the DNA (bisulfite only reacts on single-stranded DNA) and all precipitation and purification steps replaced by rapid dialysis (Olek A, Oswald J, Walter J. A modified and i - proved method for bisulphite based cytosine methylation analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Dec 15; 24 (24): 5064-6).
  • This method can be used to examine individual cells, which illustrates the potential of the method. However, only individual regions up to about 3000 base pairs in length have been examined so far. A global analysis of cells for thousands of possible methylation analyzes is not possible.
  • the bisulfite technique has so far been used with a few exceptions (e.g. Zeschnigk M, Lieh C, Buiting K, Doerfler W, Horsthemke B. A single-tube PCR test for the diagnosis of Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome based on allelic methylation differences at the SNRPN locus. Eur J Hum Geet. 1997 Mar-Apr; 5 (2): 94-8) only used in research. However, short, specific pieces of a known gene are always amplified after bisulfite treatment and either completely sequenced (Olek A, Walter J. The pre-implantation ontogeny of the H19 methylation imprint. Nat Genet.
  • fluorescent label or radioactive label can be attached either to the primers or to the nucleotides.
  • the simple application of Cy3 and Cy5 dyes at the 5 'end of the respective primers is particularly suitable for fluorescent labels.
  • fluorescent dyes are 6-carboxyfluoresin (FAM), hexachloro-6-carboxyfluoresin (HEX), 6-carboxy-x-rhodamine (ROX) or tetrachloro-6-carboxyfluoresin (TET).
  • a method is to be provided which makes it possible to simultaneously efficiently enrich several DNA fragments which have been obtained from different tissues by PCR reactions and which have a desired sequence property.
  • the desired DNA fragments should be enriched by hybridization (preferably of complex DNA arrays), dehybridization (preferably of selected regions of the DNA arrays) and reamplification of the dehybridized DNA fragments, the desired DNA fragment being enriched by repeating the work steps several times (hybridization, dehybridization and reamplification).
  • the complexity of the DNA array is reduced in the enrichment process.
  • the advantage of the method is that unknown DNA fragments can be identified that were generated by complex amplifications (multiplex and random PCR), in which the primers used are known, but the DNA fragment mixture generated is unknown.
  • the desired properties of the DNA fragments sought, especially the presence of 5-methylcytosines, are said to be identifiable by hybridization, primarily on oligonucleotide microarrays.
  • a method for the selective enrichment of individual specific PCR fragments from complex fragment mixtures which were generated by complex PCR amplifications. The enrichment of the
  • Fragments are based on their individual hybridization properties, which are preferably analyzed with oligonucleotide arrays.
  • the process consists of the following steps:
  • the DNA sections are produced and simultaneously labeled by amplification processes which produce complex amplification mixtures, preferably in the presence of a thermostable DNA polymerase.
  • the fragments are preferably generated by multiplex PCR reactions or in random PCR reactions.
  • the amplification products for the following hybridization experiments can preferably be marked by the use of primer oligonucleotides in the PCR reaction, which are preferably carried out with fluorescent dyes with different emission spectrum (eg
  • the labeling of the primer oligonucleotides can preferably also be carried out with radionuclides or preferably with detachable mass markings which are detected in a mass spectrometer. Molecules which generate a signal only in a further chemical reaction can preferably also be used for marking.
  • the labeling of the PCR products can preferably also be done by fluorescence- or radionucleotide-labeled DNA nucleotide building blocks, which are used in the PCR reactions.
  • the required nucleic acids which serve as a template for the PCR reactions, are preferably obtained from a geno i- see DNA sample, with sources for DNA z.
  • These nucleic acids can preferably be treated chemically.
  • a reagent denaturing the DNA duplex and / or a radical scavenger can also preferably be used.
  • RNA preparations from different cells and tissues e.g. Cell lines, blood, sputum, stool, urine, brain spinal fluid, paraffin-embedded tissue, for example tissue from the eyes, intestine, kidney, brain, heart, prostate, lung, breast or liver, histological preparations and all combinations thereof are used, which are converted into DNA with reverse transcription.
  • cells and tissues e.g. Cell lines, blood, sputum, stool, urine, brain spinal fluid, paraffin-embedded tissue, for example tissue from the eyes, intestine, kidney, brain, heart, prostate, lung, breast or liver, histological preparations and all combinations thereof are used, which are converted into DNA with reverse transcription.
  • the fragments can preferably also be labeled after the PCR amplification by known molecular biological methods.
  • the complex mixture of labeled DNA fragments which was generated by a complex PCR amplification described under point 1, is preferably hybridized on oligomer arrays (screening arrays) which carry different oligonucleotides, PNA oligomers or LNA oligomers.
  • the oligonucleotides, PNA oligomers or LNA oligomers are preferably arranged on the solid phase in the form of a rectangular or hexagonal grid.
  • the labels attached to the amplificates can preferably be identified at any position of the solid phase at which an oligonucleotide sequence is located, provided that hybridization took place at this position.
  • the DNA fragments reversibly bound by a hybridization event with oligonucleotides on the oligomer array are first removed by a dehybridization step.
  • the dehybridization of the entire oligomer array is not carried out in one step, but selected subregions of the oligomer array are subjected to separate dehybridization steps.
  • the PCR fragments obtained in this way serve as a template for a second PCR reaction which is carried out under the reaction conditions of the first PCR reaction which produced the original complex mixture of DNA fragments.
  • the following further process steps are carried out for the enrichment of desired DNA fragments: 4.1
  • the amplificates of this second PCR reaction are hybridized to a new oligomer array (identification array).
  • This identification array carries oligonucleotides, PNA oligomers or LNA oligomers which hybridized in the desired manner with the original fragment mixture.
  • the number of oligonucleotides, PNA oligomers or LNA oligomers on the identification array is significantly lower compared to the screening array.
  • process steps 4.1 and 4.2 are repeated several times, preferably 2 to 5 times.
  • the amplicons of the last PCR can, with correspondingly low complexity of the different amplicates, now using known molecular biological methods (eg cloning and DNA sequencing) can be identified.
  • RNA target identification whenever these can be identified by hybridization. It is therefore preferably suitable for the enrichment of DNA fragments which show methylation differences at defined CpG positions. This method can also be used to enrich DNA fragments that have defined SNPs. If RNA is used as a template for the first PCR, e.g. DNA fragments from genes that are selectively transcribed in certain tissues are enriched. This method is particularly suitable in a highly parallel method for identifying various tissue and / or disease-specific MESTs (methylated sequence tags) or SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms).
  • this method can be used to set up a screening assay that enables the identification of target locations for active pharmaceutical ingredients, e.g. intervene in DNA methylation or RNA transcription.
  • genes that are diagnostically relevant for the following diseases is crucial for the determination of targets for active pharmaceutical ingredients and the development of new drugs for cancer; CNS malfunction, damage or
  • Illness Symptoms of aggression or behavioral disorders; clinical, psychological and social consequences of Brain damage; psychotic disorders and personality disorders; Dementia and / or associated syndromes; cardiovascular disease, malfunction and damage; Malfunction, damage or disease of the gastrointestinal tract; Malfunction, damage or disease of the respiratory system; Injury, inflammation, infection, immunity and / or convalescence; Malfunction, damage or illness of the body as a deviation in the development process; Malfunction, damage or disease of the skin, muscles, connective tissue or
  • the method is preferably used to differentiate between cell types or tissues or to investigate cell differentiation.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a complex mixture of DNA fragments by PCR amplification for a DNA methylation analysis.
  • genomic DNA from healthy control tissue and a tumor sample is isolated with the DNA Extraction Kit (Stratagene, La Colla, USA) and treated using bisulfite (hydrogen sulfite, disulfite) in such a way that all are not at the 5-position of the base me - Thylated cytosines are changed so that a base that is different with regard to the base pairing behavior is formed, while the 5-position methylated cytosine remain unchanged.
  • bisulfite is used for the reaction, an addition takes place at the unmethylated cytosine bases.
  • a denaturing reagent or solvent and a radical scavenger must be present.
  • Subsequent alkaline hydrolysis then leads to the conversion of unethylated cytosine nucleobases into uracil. This converted DNA is used to detect methylated cytosines.
  • the treated DNA sample is diluted with water or an aqueous solution. Desulfonation of the DNA (10-30 min, 90-100 ° C.) is then preferably carried out at alkaline pH.
  • DNA fragments are amplified in a polymerase chain reaction with a heat-resistant DNA polymerase.
  • a complex mixture of labeled DNA fragments of the bisulfite-treated DNA preparations of the control tissue and the tumor sample is produced by PCR.
  • the two DNA preparations with 128 oligonucleotide primer pairs, half of which are labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 are used in a PCR reaction.
  • a mixture of at least 64 DNA fragments with a length of approx. 200-950 base pairs is produced.
  • oligonucleotides oligonucleotide array
  • detection of the hybridization product is based on Cy5 fluorescent-labeled primer oligonucleotides that were used for the amplification. Only if the DNA treated in the bisulfite, eg in the context of the sequence GGATTTAGCGGTAAGTAT, a methylated cytosine was present, there is a hybridization reaction of the amplified DNA with this oligonucleotide. The methylation status of the respective cytosine to be examined thus decides on the hybridization product.
  • the DNA fragments amplified from the two DNA preparations are each hybridized with an oligonucleotide array to which 500-2048 0-ligonucleotides are bound, and the fluorescence signals are hybridized with a commercially available chip scanner (Genepix 4000 , Axon Instruments) analyzed quantitatively.
  • Oligonucleotides which, after hybridization (see Example 1) with DNA fragments amplified from the control tissue, in contrast to amplicons from the tumor tissue, showed hybridization signals, were used for the production of a new oligonucleotide array (identification array).
  • Steps 3-6 were repeated until only individual DNA fragments could be identified in the agarose gel analysis. These fragments could then be analyzed using known methods (e.g. cloning and sequencing).
  • Example 3 Enrichment of a DNA fragment with different methylation status in two tissues.
  • Different DNA fragments (up to 1000) were prepared from bisulfite-treated DNA from control tissue and tumor tissue by PCR with degenerate, Cy5-labeled primers. These PCR products from the control tissue and from the tumor tissue were, separated by tissue type, hybridized with one DNA array each. 2000 pairs of oligonucleotides (with the general sequences NNNNNNCGNNNNNNNN and NNNNNNNNTGNNNNNNNNN) were immobilized on the DNA array , if there was no methylated cytosine in the corresponding bisulfite-treated DNA, for example in the sequence context GGATTTAGTGGTAAGTAT.
  • the DNA array was divided into 32 fields using a shadow mask, as a result of which 32 individual dehybridizations (see Example 2) could be carried out on 120 oligonucleotides.
  • 32 DNA fragment pools were produced. Since the position of the oligonucleotides, which detected a methylation difference between the samples, was known, one of the 32 DNA fragment pools served as a template for the second PCR. This PCR was carried out with the same primer as the first PCR. The PCR fragments from the second PCR were now hybridized with a DNA array (identification array) which only carried the 120 oligonucleotides of the corresponding de-hybridization pool.
  • the dehybridized fragments served as templates for the third PCR.
  • PCR, hybridization and dehybridization were repeated until individual DNA fragments could be identified in the agarose gel analysis. These fragments could then be analyzed using known methods (eg cloning and sequencing).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant d'enrichir simultanément, parallèlement et de manière sélective des segments d'ADN différents, qui sont obtenus à partir de différents tissus au moyen d'amplifications complexes et qui présentent des caractéristiques de séquence individuelles souhaitées. Lesdites caractéristiques des fragments d'ADN, principalement la présence de 5-méthylcytosines, peuvent être identifiées au moyen d'une hybridation sur des microréseaux d'ADN. L'enrichissement des fragments d'ADN souhaités est réalisé par répétition multiple des étapes opératoires (hybridation, déshybridation et réamplification). Ce procédé combine le procédé SELEX et des réseaux d'ADN complexes, qui sont utilisés pour l'enrichissement des fragments d'ADN. Les produits d'amplification sont finalement soumis à une analyse de leur séquence.
EP02737945A 2001-04-12 2002-04-11 Procede a microreseau permettant d'enrichir des fragments d'adn provenant de melanges complexes Withdrawn EP1379700A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10119468A DE10119468A1 (de) 2001-04-12 2001-04-12 Mikroarray-Verfahren zur Anreicherung von DNA-Fragmenten aus komplexen Mischungen
DE10119468 2001-04-12
PCT/EP2002/004056 WO2002083943A2 (fr) 2001-04-12 2002-04-11 Procede a microreseau permettant d'enrichir des fragments d'adn provenant de melanges complexes

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EP1379700A2 true EP1379700A2 (fr) 2004-01-14

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US (1) US20050009020A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1379700A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10119468A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002083943A2 (fr)

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US20050009020A1 (en) 2005-01-13
WO2002083943A2 (fr) 2002-10-24
DE10119468A1 (de) 2002-10-24
WO2002083943A3 (fr) 2003-10-30

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