EP1380348A2 - Zerstäubungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeit-Gas Gemisches - Google Patents
Zerstäubungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeit-Gas Gemisches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1380348A2 EP1380348A2 EP03405488A EP03405488A EP1380348A2 EP 1380348 A2 EP1380348 A2 EP 1380348A2 EP 03405488 A EP03405488 A EP 03405488A EP 03405488 A EP03405488 A EP 03405488A EP 1380348 A2 EP1380348 A2 EP 1380348A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- liquid
- mixture
- atomizing device
- nozzle chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
- B05B7/065—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet an inner gas outlet being surrounded by an annular adjacent liquid outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
- F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
- F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
- F04F5/08—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids the elastic fluid being entrained in a free falling column of liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/42—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow characterised by the input flow of inducing fluid medium being radial or tangential to output flow
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating a liquid-gas mixture according to the preamble of the first claim.
- the invention is also based on a method for producing a liquid-gas mixture according to the preamble of the independent method claim.
- EP 0 990 801 describes an atomizing device for generating a Liquid-gas mixture known in a process for isothermal Compression is used.
- the isothermally compressed gas preferably Air
- Air is fed to a gas turbine plant, the efficiency of which can be improved.
- An atomizing device consists of several Ring nozzles arranged concentrically to one another, via connecting channels are interconnected. To the water emerging from the ring nozzles air is supplied through the openings formed between the ring nozzles.
- the atomizing nozzle covers the entire opening of the Laval nozzle to create a homogeneous spray mist over the entire opening to form individual liquid droplets.
- Another atomizing nozzle exists also from several concentrically arranged ring nozzles, the are connected to each other via connecting channels and the opening of the Laval nozzle covers.
- the addition of water and air is set here that a foam-like mixture forms in the air bubbles of liquid are included.
- the invention has for its object in an atomizing device and a method of the type mentioned to increase the efficiency of atomization.
- the atomizing device consists of a nozzle body exists, which is an at least approximately central tube for the gaseous Medium and a nozzle chamber surrounding this central tube for supplying liquid, the liquid supply comprising means for Has generation of a swirled liquid flow in the nozzle chamber and the swirled liquid flow coaxially enclosing the gaseous medium emerges from the nozzle body through a nozzle opening.
- a swirling spreading in the direction of flow creates a hollow cone-shaped spray.
- vacuum zone becomes gaseous medium through the central tube fed.
- the in one Swirl flow liquid exiting the atomizing device is a central one Forms a vacuum zone into which a larger amount of gas flows than before known atomizing nozzles.
- the in one Swirl flow liquid exiting the atomizing device is a central one Forms a vacuum zone into which a larger amount of gas flows than before known atomizing nozzles.
- Water 15 which is supplied to an atomizing device 2 either from a high water reservoir or, as shown, by means of a water pump 1 via a water line 11 under pressure, is made into a liquid in the atomizing device 2 with the addition of air 13 supplied by means of a supply line 16 in the nozzle inlet area of a mixing tube 3 -Air mixture 4 atomized, in which finely divided small liquid droplets are contained.
- the mixing tube 3 is designed as a vertically arranged chute through which the liquid-air mixture 4 flows vertically downward, accelerated by gravity.
- the diffuser 3a In the area of the tapered inner contour of the diffuser 3a, kinetic energy is extracted from the liquid droplets, as a result of which the air contained in the liquid-air mixture 4 is compressed.
- the diffuser 3a is connected downstream to a high-pressure chamber 5, in which the highly compressed air separates from the liquid in an air-water separator 12.
- the isothermally pre-compressed air is fed to a further compressor stage 7 via a corresponding high-pressure feed line 6, which is subsequently connected to a combustion chamber 8 in which the pre-compressed air is ignited mixed with fuel.
- the hot gases expanding in the combustion chamber drive the turbine 9, which in turn is connected to a generator 10 for generating electricity.
- the separated water is returned to the atomizing device 2 by means of the pump 1 and the water line 11.
- the length of the mixing tube 3 required for the compression does not depend on the performance of the gas turbine, but very much on the atomization quality with which the atomization device 2 atomizes the liquid into finely distributed liquid droplets.
- the length also depends on the nozzle efficiency and on the pressure ratio with which the liquid to be atomized is supplied to the atomizing device 2.
- the length of the mixing tube 3 thus decreases with decreasing droplet diameter or decreasing compression efficiency. Typical nozzle lengths with moderate atomization quality are approx. 20 m, whereas nozzle lengths with high atomization quality can be shortened to 6 to 10 m.
- FIG. 2 shows the atomizing nozzle 2 in longitudinal section and in FIG. 3 in cross section.
- the water 15 is conducted to the annular nozzle chamber 18 surrounding the air supply line 16 via water supply lines 17 running tangentially to the central air supply 16.
- the nozzle chamber tapers towards the annular nozzle opening 19.
- Water 15 is conveyed to the nozzle chamber 18 by means of the pump 1 through the water feeds 17.
- a swirled flow is formed, which is accelerated in the tapering cross section towards the nozzle outlet opening 19.
- a hollow cone-shaped swirling spray 21 is formed, which forms a vacuum zone 22 in the area enclosed by it.
- the mixing results in a blistering mixture in which the air is enclosed in liquid droplets, which in turn leads to isothermal compression of the air. Due to the high amount of entrained air, the high atomization quality and the short mixing time to produce the blistered mixture, the height of the Laval nozzle can be greatly reduced.
- To generate the swirl flow in the nozzle chamber can also be a tangential water supply or more than two tangential water supplies are used.
- the interpretation of the tangential Water supply in terms of their position and their internal dimensions takes place according to the desired outside angle of the spray, the desired Amount of entrained air, the available water pressure and the Flow rate of the water.
- Other means can also be used in the area of the nozzle chamber arranged to generate a swirled liquid flow in the nozzle chamber e.g. deflection channels arranged in or outside the nozzle chamber.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht ebenfalls aus von einem Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeits-Gas Gemisches nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Verfahrensanspruches.
- Fig. 1
- Schematische Darstellung einer Gasturbinenanlage mit vorgeschalteter isothermer Kompression;
- Fig. 2
- einen Teillängsschnitt durch eine Zerstäubungseinrichtung;
- Fig. 3
- einen Teilquerschnitt durch die Zerstäubungseinrichtung entlang Linie A-A der Fig. 2.
Grundsätzlich ist festzuhalten, dass die für die Kompression erforderliche Länge des Mischrohrs 3 nicht von der Leistung der Gasturbine abhängt, sondern sehr stark von der Zerstäubungsqualität, mit der die Zerstäubungseinrichtung 2 die Flüssigkeit in feinst verteilte Flüssigkeitströpfchen zerstäubt. Ebenso hängt die Länge vom Düsenwirkungsgrad sowie vom Druckverhältnis ab, mit dem die zu zerstäubende Flüssigkeit der Zerstäubungseinrichtung 2 zugeführt wird. So nimmt die Länge des Mischrohrs 3 mit abnehmendem Tröpfchendurchmesser oder abnehmendem Kompressionswirkungsgrad ab. Typische Düsenlängen bei mässiger Zerstäubungsqualität betragen ca. 20 m, wohingegen Düsenlängen bei hoher Zerstäubungsqualität auf 6 bis 10 m verkürzt werden können. Bei Verwendung einer Gasturbine, deren Luftmassendurchfluss bei ca. 400 kg pro Sekunde liegt, betragen typische Eintrittsdüsenöffnungen bei Laval-Düsen ca. 2 m und Austrittsdurchmesser etwa 3 m. Grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, Gasturbinen, Dampfturbinen sowie Abgasrekuperatoren zusammen mit der isothermen Kompression zu kombinieren. Ferner ist festzuhalten, dass die Verwendung der isothermen Kompression zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Leistungsdichte sowie des Wirkungsgrades von Gasturbinen, verglichen mit einstufig gekühlten Systemen, führt. Weitere Ausführungsformen und Anordnungen können der EP 0 990 801 A1 entnommen werden, welche hiermit einen integrierenden Bestandteil dieser Beschreibung bildet.
Durch die Wasserzuführungen 17 wird Wasser 15 zur Düsenkammer 18 mittels der Pumpe 1 gefördert. Infolge der tangentialen Einleitung des Wassers in die Düsenkammer 18 bildet sich eine verdrallte Strömung aus, die in dem sich verjüngenden Querschnitt zur Düsenaustrittsöffnung 19 hin noch beschleunigt wird. Beim Austritt aus der Zerstäubungseinrichtung 2 entsteht ein hohlkonusförmiger wirbelnder Spray 21, der in dem von ihm umschlossenen Bereich eine Unterdruckzone 22 bildet. Durch diese Unterdruckzone 22 wird Luft 13 über die Luftzuführung angesogen und mitgerissen. Die Menge der durch die Druckzone mitgerissenen Luft ist dabei deutlich höher als bei bisher bekannten Zerstäubungdüsen. Der Spray 21 ist direkt am Düsenausgang 19 noch ein flüssiger Film, der starken Oberflächenspannungskräften ausgesetzt ist, welche zu Instabilitäten aufgrund der grossen spezifischen Oberfläche führen. Dies führt stromabwärts der Düsenöffnung zu einer schnellen Zerstäubung. Der gut zerstäubte Spray 21 vermischt sich mit der mitgerissenen Luft 13 und bildet eine zweiphasige Mischung 4 von Luft und Flüssigkeit. Wie oben beschrieben benötigt der Vermischungsprozess eine bestimmte Länge und die Wirksamkeit der Vermischung ist umgekehrt proportional zur Tropfengrösse, d.h. je kleiner die Tropfen desto höher ist die Wirksamkeit. Bei einer angemessenen Verweildauer in der Laval-Düse führt die Vermischung zu einer blasigen Mischung, in der die Luft in Flüssigkeitstropfen eingeschlossen ist, was wiederum zur isothermen Verdichtung der Luft führt. Durch die hohe Menge an mitgerissener Luft, die hohe Zerstäubungsqualität und die geringe Mischungszeit zur Erzeugung der blasigen Mischung kann deshalb die Höhe der Laval-Düse stark reduziert werden.
- 1
- Wasserpumpe
- 2
- Zerstäubungseinrichtung
- 3
- Mischrohr
- 3a
- Diffusor
- 4
- Flüssigkeits-Luft-Gemisch
- 5
- Hochdruckkammer
- 6
- Hochdruckzuleitung
- 7
- Verdichter
- 8
- Brennkammer
- 9
- Turbine
- 10
- Generator
- 11
- Wasserleitung
- 12
- Luft-Wasser-Seperator
- 13
- Luft
- 14
- Wasserkühler
- 15
- Wasser
- 16
- Luftzuführung
- 17
- tangentiale Wasserzuführung
- 18
- Düsenkammer
- 19
- Düsenöffnung
- 20
- Düsenkörper
- 21
- hohlkonusförmiger Spray
- 22
- Unterdruckzone
Claims (6)
- Zerstäubungseinrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeits-Gas Gemisches (4), wobei das erzeugte Gemisch (4) vorzugsweise zwecks Verdichtung in eine Düsenanordnung (3) eingeleitet wird, in welcher die kinetische Energie des Gemisches (4) zu einem grossen Teil in Kompressionsenergie der gasförmigen Komponente umgewandelt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Zerstäubungseinrichtung (2) aus einem Düsenkörper (20) besteht, welcher ein zumindest annähernd zentrales Rohr (16) für das gasförmige Medium und eine dieses Rohr (16) umschliessende rotationssymmetrische Düsenkammer (18) für das flüssige Medium umfasst, die Flüssigkeitszuführung (17) Mittel zur Erzeugung einer verdrallten Flüssigkeitsströmung in der Düsenkammer (18) besitzt und die Flüssigkeit in einer koaxial das Rohr (16) umschliessenden Düsenöffnung (19) aus dem Düsenkörper (20) austritt. - Zerstäubungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Flüssigkeitszuführung (17) tangential in die Düsenkammer (18) einmündet. - Zerstäubungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Düsenkammer (18) zu einer ringförmigen Düsenöffnung (19) verjüngt. - Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeits-Gas Gemisches (4) mittels einer Zerstäubungseinrichtung (2), wobei das erzeugte Gemisch (4) insbesondere zur Verdichtung in eine Düsenanordnung (3) eingeleitet wird, in welcher die kinetische Energie des Gemisches (4) zu einem grossen Teil in Kompressionsenergie der gasförmigen Komponente umgewandelt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus einer Düsenöffnung (19) der Zerstäubungseinrichtung (2) eine verdrallte Flüssigkeitsströmung austritt und einen sich in Strömungsrichtung ausbreitenden wirbelnden hohlkonusförmigen Spray (21) erzeugt, und in die sich im Inneren des hohlkonusförmigen Sprays (21) gebildete Unterdruckzone (22) über eine zentrale Zuführung (16) das gasförmige Medium (13) eintritt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verdrallte Flüssigkeitsströmung in einer das Rohr (16) zur Zuführung des gasförmigen Mediums umschliessenden Düsenkammer (18) erzeugt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verdrallte Flüssigkeitsströmung in der Düsenkammer (18) mittels mindestens einer tangential in die Düsenkammer (18) einmündenden Flüssigkeitszuführung (17) erzeugt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10231218 | 2002-07-11 | ||
| DE10231218A DE10231218A1 (de) | 2002-07-11 | 2002-07-11 | Zerstäubungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeit-Gas Gemisches |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1380348A2 true EP1380348A2 (de) | 2004-01-14 |
| EP1380348A3 EP1380348A3 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
| EP1380348B1 EP1380348B1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=29723831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03405488A Expired - Lifetime EP1380348B1 (de) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-02 | Zerstäubungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeit-Gas Gemisches |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6986473B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1380348B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE440671T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10231218A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2128452A1 (de) * | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-02 | Vogt AG Feuerwehrgeräte- und Fahrzeugbau | Strahlpumpenverdichter zum Erzeugen von Druckluftschaum CAFS - (Compressed air foam system) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7182279B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2007-02-27 | National Cheng Kung University | Atomizer for atomizing molten metal |
| WO2008097565A1 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-14 | Process Engineering And Manufacturing | Multi-target scrubber |
| US7628606B1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-12-08 | Browning James A | Method and apparatus for combusting fuel employing vortex stabilization |
| WO2015019563A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-12 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | エジェクタ及びそれを用いたヒートポンプ装置 |
| CN104923505A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-09-23 | 天津市通洁高压泵制造有限公司 | 一种真空式高压水喷射装置 |
| CN104923506A (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-09-23 | 天津市通洁高压泵制造有限公司 | 一种高压清洗回收一体清洗车 |
| CN110672937B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-08-03 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | 一种电动雾化器的雾化效率评价方法及装置 |
| CN119789914A (zh) * | 2023-08-07 | 2025-04-08 | 英诺纳米喷射技术有限公司 | 用于产生气尖式干雾纳米射流喷雾的方法及系统 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0990801A1 (de) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-05 | Asea Brown Boveri AG | Verfahren zur isothermen Kompression mit Hilfe eines hydraulischen Kompressors |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR904557A (fr) * | 1944-05-24 | 1945-11-09 | Robinetterie S A J Soc D | Atomiseur |
| US3533558A (en) | 1967-05-17 | 1970-10-13 | Niro Atomizer As | Liquid atomizer nozzle |
| US3684186A (en) * | 1970-06-26 | 1972-08-15 | Ex Cell O Corp | Aerating fuel nozzle |
| US3980233A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-09-14 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Air-atomizing fuel nozzle |
| US4179068A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1979-12-18 | National Research Development Corporation | Liquid spray devices |
| JPS5926348B2 (ja) * | 1976-12-03 | 1984-06-26 | 三菱プレシジヨン株式会社 | 流体の微粒化分散装置 |
| US4343434A (en) | 1980-04-28 | 1982-08-10 | Spraying Systems Company | Air efficient atomizing spray nozzle |
| US4754922A (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-07-05 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Airblast fuel injector tip with integral cantilever spring fuel metering valve and method for reducing vapor lock from high temperature |
| US5044559A (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1991-09-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas assisted liquid atomizer |
| DE19730617A1 (de) | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-21 | Abb Research Ltd | Druckzerstäuberdüse |
-
2002
- 2002-07-11 DE DE10231218A patent/DE10231218A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-07-02 EP EP03405488A patent/EP1380348B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-02 DE DE50311841T patent/DE50311841D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-02 AT AT03405488T patent/ATE440671T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-10 US US10/616,295 patent/US6986473B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0990801A1 (de) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-05 | Asea Brown Boveri AG | Verfahren zur isothermen Kompression mit Hilfe eines hydraulischen Kompressors |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2128452A1 (de) * | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-02 | Vogt AG Feuerwehrgeräte- und Fahrzeugbau | Strahlpumpenverdichter zum Erzeugen von Druckluftschaum CAFS - (Compressed air foam system) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040060996A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| EP1380348A3 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
| EP1380348B1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
| DE10231218A1 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
| DE50311841D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
| US6986473B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 |
| ATE440671T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
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