EP1404882A1 - Procede et dispositif de trempe des aciers a l'air pression - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de trempe des aciers a l'air pressionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1404882A1 EP1404882A1 EP02751278A EP02751278A EP1404882A1 EP 1404882 A1 EP1404882 A1 EP 1404882A1 EP 02751278 A EP02751278 A EP 02751278A EP 02751278 A EP02751278 A EP 02751278A EP 1404882 A1 EP1404882 A1 EP 1404882A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- quenching
- oven
- less
- charge
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940105847 calamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052864 hemimorphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for quenching steels by pressurized air, making it possible to guarantee metallurgical characteristics identical to oil quenching and in particular to avoid surface decarburization after a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- Pressure gas quenching processes have many advantages over liquid quenching processes mainly because the parts are clean and dry after quenching.
- the most commonly used gas is nitrogen because it is chemically inert and its relatively acceptable cost means that it cannot be recycled after each quenching operation. Most often, it is used under pressures of between 1 and 10 bars.
- the devices used to ensure quenching by pressurized gas all include a turbine allowing the circulation of gas on the parts. The gas is then cooled by passing through a heat exchanger and then reinjected onto the parts charge.
- the Applicant has set itself the objective of using pressurized air to carry out the quenching, because of its low cost and its availability.
- its use poses a major problem.
- Oxygen is chemically very reactive towards steel at high temperature and usually causes a surface decarburization that is not industrially acceptable.
- the invention therefore relates to a method and its implementation methods for performing a quenching of steels, after a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment carried out at atmospheric pressure, with air under pressure from temperatures between 700 and 1100 ° C., such quenching leading to metallurgical characteristics identical to quenching in oil from the surface of the steel, that is to say in particular by totally avoiding any surface decarburization.
- the process for quenching a steel charge comprising the following steps:
- - cooling of the load to a temperature below 400 ° C is characterized by the fact that the fluid is mainly composed of air, and the part is brought to a temperature of at most 400 ° C in a time such as it leaves the oven that an oxide layer is formed which prevents the decarburization of the steel.
- the process of the invention notably allows quenching with pressurized air of carbon steels, case hardened steels, carbonitrided steels and tool steels.
- the invention is based on the following observation.
- the oxidation of carbon steel at temperatures close to 900 ° C leads to the formation of an oxide layer of w ⁇ stite type (FeO sub-stoichiometric).
- the thickness of this layer increases regularly over time, reaching 10 to 12 ⁇ m after one minute in calm air. It is estimated that a w ⁇ stite oxide layer with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is formed in the air after 5 seconds. Its thickness is approximately 4 ⁇ m after 20 seconds at 870 ° C, the usual temperature for the start of hardening of cemented or carbonitrided steels.
- the invention was to recognize that the w ⁇ stite type oxide layer could play this role insofar as it adhered sufficiently to the surface of the steel.
- a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is sufficient to significantly prevent the formation of CO.
- the air is transferred, the charge made up of pieces of steel maintained at the temperature of start of tempering is introduced into the quenching cell and the quenching is started so as to bring the surface of the parts at a temperature below 600 ° C in a period of less than 40 seconds, preferably less than 20 seconds.
- the quenching fluid in the cell is under a pressure of up to 40 bars and is set in motion with speeds of up to 20 m / s, in a few seconds.
- the quenching fluid is mainly composed of air. We can add other constituents to improve heat transfer.
- the temperature of the surface of the parts was measured during quenching. It drops to a value less than 700 ° C in less than 2 seconds and to a value less than less than 600 ° C in less than 4 seconds and to less than 400 ° C in less than 10 seconds. At a temperature below 600 ° C., the rate of diffusion of carbon in the steel is so slow that the phenomenon of decarburization is no longer observed.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the carbon concentration profiles of surface layers of case hardened steels according to the invention on the one hand, and oil on the other hand.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the micro-hardness profiles of surface layers of case-hardened and quenched steels according to the invention on the one hand, and oil on the other hand.
- the device of Figure 1 comprises a treatment oven known per se.
- It can be a case-hardening or carbonitriding oven (1), continuous or batch type of a well oven, a bell oven, these ovens carrying out thermochemical treatments at atmospheric pressure.
- a cell (3) for quenching by a gaseous fluid This cell is hermetically closed by a door (31). Inside, a rotor provided with blades (33), for example centrifugal or helical, called a turbine, is rotated by an electric motor (35). The function of the turbine is to set in motion the gaseous quenching fluid contained in the enclosure. The latter is guided by guide members (37) in the direction shown by the arrows or in the opposite direction. The gas passes through a heat exchanger means (39). To ensure quenching, the charge represented by the block A4 is placed in the cell which is closed hermetically, as shown in dotted lines.
- the cell is charged with gas up to the desired pressure, between 1 and 40 bars, and it is driven by the turbine (33).
- the pressure is greater than 3 bars and in particular, depending on the nature of the parts to be treated, between 5 and 20 bars.
- Appropriate deflectors inject the cold gas, relatively, against the load A4. After extracting the heat from the load it is guided to the turbine. It passes through the exchanger where it is brought back to the quenching temperature.
- the exchanger and the turbine are arranged inside the cell, but they can also be placed outside.
- the load to be treated can for example consist of gears or pinion shaft
- a manipulator (40) is placed between the oven and the cell. Its function is to receive the load from the oven and place it on the cell support. The different positions of the charge are shown, between A0 where it is still in the oven and A4 where it is on its support during quenching.
- the manipulator comprises a plate (41) which can rotate around a vertical axis and can be moved in height.
- the plate (41) carries an arm (43) which can move in a horizontal plane and collect a load to be treated.
- the arm (43) is movable between an external position where it collects or deposits the load and an internal position where the load is housed in a protective bell (45).
- the operating cycle is as follows
- the arm (43) is opposite the opening. We extend the arm on which the load is placed. We retract the arm. The load comes into position Al under the bell (45).
- the time elapsed is less than 40 seconds; time during which an oxide layer formed and formed a barrier to the decarburization of the charge.
- the manipulation allows the transfer between the oven and the cell in less than thirty seconds.
- micro-hardness profiles produced on the side and at the base of the teeth are equivalent to those obtained after direct quenching at 870 ° C in oil.
- the graph in Figure 3 shows that the micro-hardness values, expressed in VICKERS and measured at different depths on a part treated with air quenching on the one hand, and, on a part treated with oil on the other hand, are almost identical.
- FIG. 2 shows the carbon concentration profiles established on a gear at the level of a toothing, and of toothing. The profiles are equivalent between oil quenching and air quenching. They are characteristic of a hardened hardened layer without surface decarburization.
- a first series of measurements relates to a part having undergone a carbonitriding treatment followed by an air quenching at 870 ° C.
- a second series of measurements relates to a part having undergone a carbonitriding treatment followed by an oil quenching
- the present invention also comprises a process in which the transfer is carried out under a protective atmosphere and the quenching of which is performed in air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. In this case decarburization is avoided essentially at the quenching level by the formation of an oxide layer during the first phases of the quenching.
- the present invention also covers a process where the quenching fluid is air to which a gas is added which modifies its density and / or its thermal conductivity.
- the present invention also covers a process where the temple fluid is air to which a sprayed liquid has been added allowing the cooling of the parts by a two-phase mixture
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0108175 | 2001-06-21 | ||
| FR0108175A FR2826374B1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Procede et dispositif de trempe des aciers a l'air sous pression |
| PCT/FR2002/002152 WO2003000939A1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-20 | Procede et dispositif de trempe des aciers a l'air pression |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1404882A1 true EP1404882A1 (fr) | 2004-04-07 |
| EP1404882B1 EP1404882B1 (fr) | 2007-01-03 |
Family
ID=8864597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02751278A Expired - Lifetime EP1404882B1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-20 | Procede de trempe des aciers a l'air pression |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050000597A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1404882B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1289695C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE350497T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60217344T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2826374B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03012026A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003000939A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3102547B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-06-17 | Ecm Tech | Cellule de trempe sous gaz |
| CN114293136B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-08-02 | 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 | 一种工件热处理系统 |
| CN116875934B (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-02-02 | 凌远科技股份有限公司 | 一种圆锥滚子轴承渗碳热处理装置和方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3231432A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1966-01-25 | Morgan Construction Co | Process for the quenching of hot rolled rods in direct sequence with rod mill |
| FR2630936A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-10 | Stein Heurtey | Installation automatique pour la mise en forme et le traitement thermique de pieces circulaires notamment pour l'industrie automobile |
| DE29913751U1 (de) * | 1999-08-06 | 1999-09-30 | Mannesmann Sachs AG, 97424 Schweinfurt | Eisen enthaltendes Metallteil mit einer Eisenoxid enthaltenden Oberflächenschicht |
| FR2801059B1 (fr) * | 1999-11-17 | 2002-01-25 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede de trempe apres cementation a basse pression |
-
2001
- 2001-06-21 FR FR0108175A patent/FR2826374B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-20 CN CNB028163850A patent/CN1289695C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-20 EP EP02751278A patent/EP1404882B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-20 DE DE60217344T patent/DE60217344T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-20 MX MXPA03012026A patent/MXPA03012026A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-20 WO PCT/FR2002/002152 patent/WO2003000939A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-06-20 AT AT02751278T patent/ATE350497T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-20 US US10/481,489 patent/US20050000597A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03000939A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1404882B1 (fr) | 2007-01-03 |
| FR2826374B1 (fr) | 2003-10-03 |
| WO2003000939A1 (fr) | 2003-01-03 |
| MXPA03012026A (es) | 2005-07-01 |
| US20050000597A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
| ATE350497T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
| CN1289695C (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
| CN1545564A (zh) | 2004-11-10 |
| DE60217344D1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
| DE60217344T2 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
| FR2826374A1 (fr) | 2002-12-27 |
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