Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
  • A01K67/60—New or modified breeds of invertebrates
  • A01K67/61—Genetically modified invertebrates, e.g. transgenic or polyploid
  • A01K67/65—Genetically modified arthropods
  • A01K67/67—Genetically modified crustaceans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2799/00—Uses of viruses
  • C12N2799/02—Uses of viruses as vector
  • C12N2799/021—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid
  • C12N2799/026—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid where the vector is derived from a baculovirus

Definitions

• Such products may be of
• plants by direct modification of the plant's genome so that it produces a protein that a plant may never have produced before. Such plants are referred to as genetically
• GMO's modified organisms
• the plant e.g.
• Tobacco is infected with a virus (e.g. tobacco mosaic virus; TMN) which canies the gene for the human therapeutic protein.
• TMN tobacco mosaic virus
• the expression of the plant is modified without directly changing the plant's DNA.
• the human therapeutic protein is then isolated, purified and used for human therapeutic purposes.
• Recombinant microbes including bacteria, yeast and fungi have been used to produce human therapeutic proteins.
• recombinant microbes generally do not produce exact mimics of such proteins that are made in mammalian cells due to changes in post-translational modifications.
• recombinant microbes have not been used for agricultural purposes incorporating ingestion of the whole organism. In both the plant and microbial cases, the recombinant organism has simply been used as a factory, and the therapeutic protein is then isolated and purified prior to use.
• Certain recombinant proteins have been produced in insect cells using an insect virus expression system (Baculovirus). Such proteins are also produced in intact insect larvae following infection with modified Baculoviruses. In both cases, the insect cells or larvae are used as factories to produce the protein of interest, and the recombinant protein is then purified for pharmaceutical purposes. Proteins produced by insect cells are generally closer mimics to those produced in mammalian cells due to a closer approximation of post-translational modifications and the process is generally much less costly than the production in mammalian cells. However, the proteins produced by insect cells or insect larvae still require many steps of purification before they can be used therapeutically.
• Baculovirus insect virus expression system
• Certain crustaceans e.g., brine shrimp
• various aquaculture crops e.g., fish or shrimp
• the Artemia is "loaded” with certain microalgae, which
• certain beneficial nutrients can be provided from the algae to the larvae through the
• composition of matter which is an animal feed or feed component comprising a therapeutic protein or
• this invention provides a feed comprising a
• crustacean e.g. artemia
• a recombinant virus e.g., Baculovirus
• a protein of therapeutic value e.g., an antibody, or a protein that will convey an immunological response, or an antimicrobial capability.
• a feed could provide an oral vaccination for the consuming species.
• the artemia are used as a low-
• protein may be consumable by human or other animals as part of the whole artemia
• biomass or, alternatively, the protein can be extracted and purified to be provided as a
• the marine environment is filled with bacteria and viruses that can
• This invention provides a solution to this problem by providing a nutritional control method using the target animal's feed as the vector to deliver antiviral antibodies or fragments thereof, directly to the shrimp.
• These "Designer feeds” would deliver a therapeutic dose of antibody directly to the gut of the shrimp.
• This approach is known as "passive immunity” because the antibody remains outside the host organism and simply prevents viral infestation through the gut wall.
• the invention envisions the use of transgenic multicellular organisms (plants, animals, insects, etc) to deliver the antibody to the gut of the target animal through the consumption of the transgenic multicellular organism.
• the feed source itself may be infected with a host-specific virus that is engineered to produce the antibody, or fragment thereof, of interest in a multicellular organism that can be fed to the target animal.
• the feed material may deliver a portion of the virus (e.g. a coat protein) or fragment thereof in order to actively immunize the shrimp, other shellfish or fmfish or terrestrial animal that consumes the feed.
• Figure 1 represents a Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vanname ⁇ ) that
• GFP as a fusion protein.
• Crustaceans are common elements in the food chain for either aquatic species or terrestrial species (including Aquaculture or Agriculture).
• One of the major problems with bacterial production of human proteins is that the microbially produced recombinant proteins are ineffective because of
• Antibodies or antibody fragments to desired targets such as White
• Spot virus or Taura virus may be prepared by routine immunization and selection of
• bactericidal and bacteriostatic peptides which will inhibit microbial growth and include, but are not limited to cecropins, peneadins, bactenecins, callinectins, myticins, tachyplesins, clavanins, misgurins, pleurocidins, parasins, histones, acidic proteins, and lysozymes.
• these peptides may be made in a crustacean host using recombinant methods well known to those in the art, and optionally provided as a feed component to convey resistance or tolerance to infestation.
• Crustaceans are the foodstuffs for many aquaculture species, and this invention contemplates recombinant production of therapeutic proteins in the natural or farm diet of juvenile fish (e.g., half-grown catfish) as well as fish larva.
• juvenile fish e.g., half-grown catfish
• fish larva e.g., half-grown catfish
• host organisms that make up part of the food chain for the feeding of larvae, juveniles and adults in aquaculture, as well as the same life sequence in the terrestrial animal feeds (e.g. pigs, chickens, and cows).
• Edible materials can be any materials that are ingested.
• One embodiment of this invention would be where crustaceans are genetically modified to produce the exogenous peptide and/or antibody or antibody fragments directly, and modified crustaceans are ingested.
• Post-harvest processing of some sort may be required to prepare the material for use.
• This invention contemplates normal (known) processes for converting the crustacean material into feeds. Such normal process include homogenization followed by extrusion into pellets of various sizes depending on the application (e.g., larval, juvenile or adult). Other modes of preparation would include spray drying, fluid bed drying, or even providing the material as a liquid suspension.
• crustaceans which express therapeutic proteins may be grown and harvested, followed by isolation of a fraction containing the therapeutic protein from the crustacean.
• additional processing steps may be applied to further purify the therapeutic protein as is known in the art.
• Example 1 Production of viral antigen in artemia.
• Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNN) is an example of a virus that can cause a high mortality in juvenile trout and salmon. In these animals, it is best to vaccinate as early as possible. Thus, it may be beneficial to deliver an oral vaccine at an early larval stage.
• the IP ⁇ V genome contains two segments; the larger segment contains the genes for the NP2, NP3 and NP4 viral coat proteins.
• a full length cD ⁇ A clone containing one or more of the viral coat protein genes, and a transfection marker (e.g., Green Fluorescent Protein - GFP), is prepared using conventional molecular biology techniques.
• This fragment is then ligated into a Baculovirus transformation vector, such as pAcUW21, at the cloning site behind the PI 0 promotor region.
• Baculovirus transformation vector such as pAcUW21
• the recombinant Baculovirus containing both the viral coat protein gene and the GFP gene, is then used to fransfect artemia.
• the infection and expression of the product of interest e.g., NP2
• the artemia can be harvested and fed to the fish larvae. Ingestion of the NP2-expressing artemia by fish larvae will provide a mode of oral vaccination that is both inexpensive and effective.
• WSN White Spot Virus
• Fabs antibody fragments
• E. coli E. coli
• the genes for these Fabs can be prepared and isolated by technology known to those of skill in the art. The gene will then be spliced into a Baculovirus vector and used to infect the artemia.
• E. coli is then transformed and the recombinant phage library is rescued and triple panned to select the antigen- positive recombinant phage antibodies.
• the ScFv gene coding for a Fab of highest specificity, is then isolated from the plasmid and ligated into a Baculovirus expression system.
• a Baculovirus expression system may also contain an expression marker for transfection such as green fluorescent protein (GFP).
• GFP green fluorescent protein
• Artemia can then be infected with the Baculovirus, and the extent of infectivity can be easily monitored by the intensity of the green color. In such a case, the infected shrimp will also produce an antibody against WSN.
• biomass as a feed additive will introduce the antibody or antibody fragment directly into the animal, thus providing passive immunity.
• Example 3 Expression of a bactericidal or bacteriostatic protein in artemia.
• a bactericidal or bacteriostatic protein is chosen for the particular application. Suitable examples include proteins of the penaeidin class for pathogenic control in shrimp. Penaeldins are members of a family of antimicrobial peptides isolated from crustaceans (e.g., Penaeus shrimp).
• Antimicrobial peptides may also come from insects and chelicerates and may include but are not limited to cecropins, peneadins, bactenecins, callinectins, myticins, tachyplesins, clavanins, misgurins, pleurocidins, parasins, histones, acidic proteins, and lysozymes.
• the gene for the chosen protein or peptide is either isolated from the original source, or an amplification source, or it can be made synthetically. The gene is spliced into a bacculorviras vector which may also contain the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP).
• GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
• the virus is then used to tranfect artemia and the production of the bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal protein is monitored by the intensity of expression of GFP.
• the artemia are added to the diet of the fish or shrimp.
• the bateriostatic or bacteriocidal proteins are delivered directly to the gut of the animal in the form of the artemia itself.
• the entire artemia can be used as a feed or feed component.
• the crustacean may be homogenized and extruded into pellets suitable for feed applications.
• the Baculovirus vectors can be inactivated by high temperature or other procedures familiar to those experts in the field prior to use as feeds. [023] Example 4. Expression of Human Insulin in Artemia.
• Human insulin is a human therapeutic protein that may be produced in crustaceans.
• the gene for human insulin (or any other human therapeutic protein) is obtained, or synthetically produced, and ligated into a Baculovirus expression vector.
• the Baculovirus expression vector may also contain a transfection marker such as Green (or Red) Fluorescent Protein (GFP or R-FP).
• GFP or R-FP Green Fluorescent Protein
• the Baculovirus is then used to infect a culture of a crustacean such as artemia.
• the level of expression of the therapeutic protein will be determined by the intensity of the fluorescence caused by the GFP or RFP.
• the crustaceans are harvested.
• Brine shrimp may be used directly as a wet paste, or dried by some appropriate process (e.g.
• brine shrimp may be broken and the protein of interest isolated and purified by conventional biochemical methodologies.
• the purified protein may be used in an oral, nasal, dermal or injectable delivery form.
• Example 5 Production from Other Crustaceans and Rotifers.
• other crustaceans e.g., crab, crawfish, lobster, etc
• Such an infection might occur at a much later stage in the life cycle, such that the fully mature crustacean may carry the pharmaceutical product in a much more food acceptable form.
• certain other crustaceans e.g., crab, crawfish
• rotifers may be used as a vector for delivery of the therapeutic proteins following the procedures in examples 1- 4.
• Baculovirus Expression system (Invitrogen) was utilized for cloning and transfection.
• a 720 kb fragment containing GFP was fused to the polyhedron (pPolh) promoter and
• sucrose-purified virus pellet was maintained at
• one-gram shrimp were placed in each container and allowed to acclimatize overnight.
• a pellet matrix was prepared by first adding 100 mg of alginic

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-09-13 EP EP02775802A patent/EP1436004A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-09-13 CA CA002460558A patent/CA2460558A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-09-13 JP JP2003528576A patent/JP4472336B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-09-13 WO PCT/US2002/029081 patent/WO2003024482A1/en not_active Ceased

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