EP1436489B1 - Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen - Google Patents
Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1436489B1 EP1436489B1 EP02801287A EP02801287A EP1436489B1 EP 1436489 B1 EP1436489 B1 EP 1436489B1 EP 02801287 A EP02801287 A EP 02801287A EP 02801287 A EP02801287 A EP 02801287A EP 1436489 B1 EP1436489 B1 EP 1436489B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- water
- abutment
- additional material
- water permeability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sealing plug according to the preamble of the first claim and a method of closing of underground cavities according to the second claim.
- Hazardous waste especially highly toxic and radioactive radiating waste, are deposited underground in Berkwerken and disposed of, leaving them permanently reliable from the environment are isolated.
- the waste that is in Barrels, drums or other containers are included, in brought a cavern of the mine. Is the working space of the cavern exhausted, the space between the containers can with solid material, so that a sufficient Compressive strength of the rump restored and inserted Ceiling collapse of the cavern is avoided. Subsequently, will the cavern sealed watertight.
- first a first separating layer which serves as a static abutment, between the filled cavern and the adjacent gallery made (see DE-A-4 130 658, DE-A-4 130 658).
- the abutment can be made of a wall, for example from a Brick wall, consist. Alternatively, the abutment off Prefabricated elements, such as concrete, are manufactured.
- To the first abutment closes a backfill of the tunnel with a cohesive material. Bentonite is the one for this Purpose most suitable cohesive material; are in principle but also clay or clay materials useful.
- the backfilling is preferably made of molded blocks. compacted However, beds of cohesive material can also be used.
- the backfilling is limited by an auxiliary disposal, similar to the first abutment recordable as Drywall can be created.
- Tied material in particular Bentonite, swells when absorbed by water and increases its volume is considerable. By enlargement of the volume, a pressure is built up. This effect will used to ensure a permanent sealing effect of the sealing plug to achieve.
- the abutments prevent that from happening the swelling bentonite towards the cavern or the Stollen expands.
- the water absorption should be in the normal technical Use done by mine water.
- the sealing plug is pressurized with pressurized water.
- the two abutments must be the mechanical pressure, the with the swelling of the cohesive material, withstand.
- the second abutment must be in water-permeable form be created so that the bentonite can be moistened.
- the Closure structure consists on the cavern side of a static Abutment of salt form stones, which are installed as dry masonry were. Alternatively, dry stone walls are made of natural stones, especially from basalt, called suitable. At the static abutment is followed by a lining Bentonite formstones on. This is followed by a permeable one Auxiliary abutment, which consists of a bentonite stones Drywall of filter stones and one the building final salt concrete filling consists. Within the Auxiliary abutment is between the drywall of the filter stones and the salt concrete filling a compacted sand layer enclosed ( Figure 8).
- the invention is based on the object described uneven pressure conditions during or after water absorption to avoid the cohesive material or at least to minimize.
- a closure plug which consists essentially of three sections: the two outer ones static abutments and an interposed Section of a cohesive material.
- the abutments can as known per se as a drywall are designed.
- Salt mines it offers itself, salt stones for the to use first, cavern-side static abutment.
- This Abutment can, however, also in any modified form be created as long as it increases the pressure of moistening when moistening absorbs cohesive material.
- An increased pressure resistance is achieved when the space between the waste packages in the cavern is filled and the static Abutment directly adjoins the backfilling.
- This static abutment does not need to be water permeable too be; On the other hand, a water permeability does not harm since the subsequent section with the cohesive material is waterproof after moistening.
- the static abutment is immediately followed by the section with the cohesive material, preferably the bentonite, at.
- This section can be made from Bentonite shaped bricks become; but it is also possible, bentonite fillings about To compact as evenly as possible with hydraulic devices.
- the layer must be at an angle of 60 ° to 90 ° be arranged to the direction of the water inlet. Preferably it is essentially perpendicular, thus at an angle of about 90 ° to the water inlet direction, aligned. Should he Water entering through the studs, the layer must be in an angle of 60 ° to 90 °, preferably perpendicular, to Stollen be arranged.
- An arrangement is preferred within the bentonite more through the bentonite from each other separate layers of the water-permeable material be arranged, which is the cross section of the whole Fill in the shaft.
- the layers should thus each in the Be embedded in bentonite. From the vertical (90 °) clearly deviating arrangements of the layer are chosen when off geological or hydrological conditions from the outset with an uneven water front inside the bentonite must be expected. The arrangement of the layer then takes place at such an angle that over the entire tunnel cross-section the water fronts as evenly as possible the layer to reach.
- the thickness of the layers can be chosen relatively small become; a thickness of 2 to 30 cm usually seems sufficient, especially if the water permeability of the layers is significantly higher than the water permeability of the subsequent material.
- this layer is particularly suitable rolling Material that is able to withstand a suction stress in the Build up a layer.
- the suction voltage should preferably be such be that they cover the entire surface of the layer enough. Then it is guaranteed that the water over the distributed throughout the layer, making the flow of water uniform becomes.
- Well suited to the structure of the layer are gravel or mixtures of gravel and sand, which has a fines content of 5 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% included.
- another alternative cohesive material as long as the water permeability correspondingly higher than that of the adjacent cohesive material. If bentonite can be used as a cohesive material as a water permeable material quite clay or loam be used. Also synthetic materials such. B.
- mineral fibers can be used to construct the layer.
- An example for a suitable synthetic material is geotextile. This material has the merit that the thickness of the layer small, for example between 2 and 10 cm, are kept can. Layer thicknesses in the range between about 10 and 30 cm should be provided if the layer of a cohesive or a rolling material is built. It goes without saying by itself that also combinations of the mentioned materials can be used as long as the required water permeability is guaranteed.
- the production of the layer is carried out in a conventional manner according to the material used. For some materials it may be advantageous to prepare the layers already for days and to assemble as components underground.
- the purpose of the layers is to penetrate the cohesive material Distribute water so that even moistening as possible over the entire cross-section is given.
- Wasserwegmaschineen the through the formation of percolation funnels due to the so-called "fingering" can be avoided.
- the vertical layers a fast and anticipatory moisture penetration along the contour avoided to the mountains and especially along the sole, as each Layer uneven water fronts evenly distributed again.
- the layers must be in contact with the cohesive material be arranged and embedded in this material be. This is the case with the sand layer that is in the above Manuscript is described, not the case, so this Sand layer can not act in the manner according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Verschlussstopfen zum Verschließen eines untertägigen Hohlraums mitdadurch gekennzeichnet, dasseinem statischen Widerlager, das an den untertägigen Hohlraum grenzt und diesen verschließt,einer an das statische Widerlager anschließende Verfüllung aus einem bindigen Material mit einer ersten Wasserdurchlässigkeit kf(1),einem zumindest bereichsweise wasserdurchlässigen Hilfswiderlager, das die Verfüllung abgrenzt,innerhalb der Verfüllung aus dem bindigen Material mindestens eine Schicht eines weiteren Materials in der Weise angeordnet wird, dass die Schicht in einem Winkel von 60° bis 90° zu einer Wassereintrittsrichtung ausgerichtet ist und das weitere Material eine zweite Wasserdurchlässigkeit kf(2) aufweist, die mindestens eine Größenordnung höher ist als die Wasserdurchlässigkeit kf(1).
- Verfahren zum Verschließen von untertägigen Hohlräumen mit den Schritten:Aufbau eines statischen Widerlagers, mit dem der untertägige Hohlraum verschlossen wird,Verfüllen eines Raumes, der sich außerhalb des Hohlraumes an das erste statische Widerlager anschließt, mit einem bindigen Material, das eine erste Wasserdurchlässigkeit Kf(1) aufweist, gekennzeichnet durchAnordnen mindestens einer Schicht aus einem weiteren Material, das eine zweite Wasserdurchlässigkeit kf(2) aufweist, innerhalb des bindigen Materials in der Weise, dass die Schicht in einem Winkel von 60° bis 90° zu einer Wassereintrittsrichtung angeordnet ist und das weitere Material so ausgewählt wird, dass seine Wasserdurchlässigkeit kf(2) mindestens eine Größenordnung höher ist als kf(1),Herstellen eines wasserdurchlässigen Hilfswiderlagers, das den verfüllten Raum abschließt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
bei dem die Schicht im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Wassereintrittsrichtung angeordnet ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 ,
bei dem das weitere Material ein bindiges Material darstellt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
bei dem das weitere Material ein rolliges Material, das in der Lage ist, eine Saugspannung in der Schicht aufzubauen, darstellt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
bei dem das weitere Material ein synthetisches Material darstellt. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6,
bei dem die Schicht aus dem weiteren Material mit einer Dicke von 2 bis 30 cm hergestellt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7,
bei dem die Schicht aus dem weiteren Material über Tage vorgefertigt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8,
bei dem die Schicht aus dem weiteren Material mit Sensoren, vorzugsweise mit Druck-, Temperatur- und/oder Feuchtesensoren bestückt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10149972 | 2001-10-10 | ||
| DE10149972A DE10149972C1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2001-10-10 | Verschlussstopfen und Verfahren zum Verschließen von untertätigen Hohlräumen |
| PCT/EP2002/009725 WO2003033878A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-30 | Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1436489A1 EP1436489A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
| EP1436489B1 true EP1436489B1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
Family
ID=7702036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02801287A Expired - Lifetime EP1436489B1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-30 | Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1436489B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE307962T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10149972C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2252549T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003033878A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013109521A1 (de) | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-05 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verschlussbauwerk und Verfahren und Materialien zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102018124217B3 (de) | 2018-10-01 | 2019-05-16 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verwendung von Formkörpern aus Bentonit zur Herstellung von Schachtverschlüssen |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810263A (en) * | 1951-08-10 | 1957-10-22 | Ford Bacon & Davies Inc | Cavern storage for natural gas |
| US4335978A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-06-22 | Mutch Robert D | Induced intragradient system for secure landfill |
| DE4130658A1 (de) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-06-09 | Gsf - Forschungszentrum Fuer Umwelt Und Gesundheit, Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De | Querschnittsabdichtungen im salz |
| DE19944860A1 (de) * | 1999-09-18 | 2001-03-22 | Geophysikalisches Messen Und G | Verfahren zur effektiven Einbringung von kohäsiven Teilsäulen bei der Schachtverfüllung |
-
2001
- 2001-10-10 DE DE10149972A patent/DE10149972C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-30 ES ES02801287T patent/ES2252549T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 DE DE50204717T patent/DE50204717D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 AT AT02801287T patent/ATE307962T1/de active
- 2002-08-30 EP EP02801287A patent/EP1436489B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 WO PCT/EP2002/009725 patent/WO2003033878A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003033878A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
| EP1436489A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
| ATE307962T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
| ES2252549T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
| DE10149972C1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
| DE50204717D1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
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