EP1448330A2 - Method for continuous casting - Google Patents
Method for continuous castingInfo
- Publication number
- EP1448330A2 EP1448330A2 EP02791589A EP02791589A EP1448330A2 EP 1448330 A2 EP1448330 A2 EP 1448330A2 EP 02791589 A EP02791589 A EP 02791589A EP 02791589 A EP02791589 A EP 02791589A EP 1448330 A2 EP1448330 A2 EP 1448330A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- metal strip
- model
- integrated
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013000 roll bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013179 statistical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the continuous casting of a thin metal strip in a two-roll process, in particular a steel strip, preferably with a thickness of less than 10 mm, molten metal being poured into a casting gap formed by two casting rolls in the thickness of the metal strip to be cast, with the formation of a molten bath.
- the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to provide a continuous casting method of the type described in the introduction, which makes it possible for the metal strip to adhere to predetermined quality features, such as in particular the formation of a desired structure of the metal or the securing of a specific one Enable geometry, etc. for metals with different chemical compositions, i.e. for a variety of steel qualities or steel grades to be cast.
- the object of the invention is to avoid deviations in the quality of the metal strip from the outset, etc. by creating the possibility of intervening in production stages in which an actual value of the metal strip that determines the quality and is not yet easily recognizable or cannot be determined directly.
- This object is achieved in that for the formation of a certain structure in the cast metal strip and / or for influencing the geometry of the metal strip, the continuous casting with on-line calculation on the basis of the formation of the specific structure of the metal and / or the formation of the geometry of the metal strip describing calculation model is carried out, the Microstructure formation or variables influencing the geometry of the continuous casting process can be set on-line dynamically, ie during the ongoing casting.
- the structure of the casting roll surfaces is an important factor in solidification or microstructure formation. This structure is only reproduced to a certain extent by the liquid metal, i.e. Depending on the structure of the surface of the casting rolls, solidification occurs in certain surface areas and in other surface areas it is delayed.
- the structuring of the surface of the casting rolls is preferably recorded, preferably recorded online, and integrated into the computing model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, in particular in the case of primary solidification.
- the solidification of the metal on the surfaces of the casting rolls it is essential to condition these surfaces, such as by cleaning, spraying, coating, in particular by flushing with gas or with gas mixtures.
- This gas or these gas mixtures determine the heat transfer from the melt or already solidified metal to the casting rolls, and therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, the chemical composition of the gas or the gas mixture and the amount and optionally the distribution over the length of the Casting rolls recorded, preferably recorded online, and integrated into the calculation model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, particularly in the case of primary solidification.
- thermodynamic changes in the state of the entire metal strip are constantly included in the calculation model by solving a heat conduction equation and solving an equation or equation systems describing the phase conversion kinetics, and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if appropriate, of the casting rolls is dependent of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the casting speed being taken into account for the simulation, the values of which are preferably measured repeatedly during the casting, in particular the thickness is continuously measured.
- a continuous phase conversion model of the metal is preferably integrated into the computing model, in particular according to Avrami.
- the Avrami equation describes all diffusion-controlled conversion processes for the respective temperature under isothermal conditions.
- ferrite, pearlite and bainite fractions can be set very specifically in continuous steel casting, etc. also taking into account a holding time at a certain temperature.
- the method is preferably characterized in that, with the computing model, thermodynamically changes in the state of the entire metal strip, such as changes in temperature, by solving a heat conduction equation and solving an equation or system of equations describing the excretion kinetics during and / or after solidification, in particular non-metallic and intermetallic precipitations are constantly included in the calculation and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if applicable, of the casting rolls is set as a function of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the casting speed, the values of which are preferably taken into account during the simulation Pouring can be measured repeatedly, especially regarding the thickness.
- thermodynamic basic variables in particular Gibb's energy, and the germ growth according to Zener are integrated into the calculation model.
- Structural quantity relationships are expediently integrated into the calculation model in accordance with multi-material system diagrams, such as, for example, in accordance with the Fe-C diagram.
- Grain growth properties and / or grain formation properties are advantageously integrated into the computational model, possibly taking into account recrystallization of the metal.
- a dynamic and or delayed and / or post-recrystallization, ie a recrystallization that later takes place in an oven, can be taken into account in the calculation model.
- thermomechanical rolling for example high-temperature thermomechanical rolling
- Thickness reductions according to the invention even after reeling the strip and also in low-temperature ranges (for example at 200-300 ° C.), which can also be carried out on-line, ie without prior reeling, are considered as rolling tongues.
- the mechanical state such as the deformation behavior
- the mechanical state is preferably also constantly included in the calculation model by solving further model equations, in particular by solving the basic continuum-technical equations for the visco-elasto-plastic material behavior.
- a preferred embodiment is characterized in that a quantity-defined structure is set by applying an on-line strand deformation, which causes the structure to recrystallize.
- a thermal influence of the molten metal and already solidified metal by the casting rolls is expediently integrated into the calculation model, with the casting roll cooling being recorded online.
- thermo influence on the metal strip such as cooling and / or heating, is integrated in the computing model. Differences between the edge and the central area of the metal strip may have to be taken into account.
- An advantageous variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a rolling process model, preferably a hot rolling process model, is integrated in the computing model, the rolling process model expediently carrying out a rolling force calculation and / or a roll bending force calculation and / or a roll displacement calculation and / or a roll deformation calculation and / or a deformation calculation for thermally caused changes in the roll geometry has been integrated for specially profiled rolls.
- a rolling process model preferably a hot rolling process model
- mechanical properties of the metal strip such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, etc.
- yield strength tensile strength
- elongation elongation
- corrective action can be taken in good time, etc. in the most suitable generation stages, i.e. during solidification and subsequent thermal influencing or during subsequent rolling, recrystallization etc.
- a continuous casting mold formed by two casting rolls 2 arranged parallel to one another and next to one another is used.
- the casting rolls 2 form a casting gap 3, the so-called “kissing point”, at which the strip 1 emerges from the continuous casting mold.
- a space 4 is formed, which is shielded from above by a cover plate 5 forming a cover and which serves to receive a weld pool 6.
- the molten metal 7 is fed through an opening 8 of the cover through which an immersion tube projects into the molten bath 6 to below the bath level 9.
- the casting rolls 2 are provided with internal cooling, not shown.
- side plates are provided for sealing the space 4 which receives the weld pool 6.
- a strand shell is formed on the surfaces 10 of the casting rolls 2, these strand shells in the casting gap 3, i.e. at the kissing point, to be combined into a volume 1.
- a specific rolling force distribution e.g. in rectangular shape or barrel shape.
- a computer 11 is used, in the machine data, the desired format of the metal strip, material data, such as the chemical analysis of the molten steel, the casting condition, the casting speed, the molten steel temperature at which the molten steel enters between the casting rolls, and that desired structure and, if necessary, a deformation of the steel strip, which can take place on-line or outside the continuous caster.
- the computer calculates various parameters influencing the quality of the hot strip, such as a temperature influence of the steel melt and / or the steel strip, as well as further the internal cooling of the casting rolls, the gas loading of the casting rolls, the degree of deformation of the roll stand 12 arranged on-line in the example shown, as well as possibly reeling conditions for the reel 13, etc.
- the computing model used according to the invention is essentially based on a strip casting model and a rolling model.
- the former includes a casting roll, solidification, segregation, primary structure, phase change and precipitation model.
- the rolling model includes a thermophysical model, a phase change, hot rolling, precipitation, recrystallization and grain size model as well as a model for predicting mechanical parameters.
- the structuring of the casting roll surfaces 10 is decisive for the initial solidification on the casting rolls 2.
- the surface profile of the casting rolls 2 is simulated by the steel 7, but only to a certain extent. Due to the surface tension of the liquid steel 7, "valleys" are often spanned, in which media (e.g. gases) are stored. Since the gases reduce the heat dissipation from the liquid steel 7 to the casting rolls 2, the solidification is delayed.
- media e.g. gases
- the interplay between specially created casting roll surfaces 10 and different gas mixtures is used to set a temperature suitable for the casting process. To do this, it is necessary to know and describe exactly the nature of the casting roll surfaces 10. This is done by measuring the surface of the casting roll after finishing the surface at several points (ideally several times in the axial direction, eg with a highly sensitive measuring pin). The surface profiles obtained in this way are now filtered and divided into classes. For each of these classes, heat transfers are determined off-line by flow simulations and tests, and thus a specific distribution of heat flows is assigned to each surface class. These heat flow / temperature distributions are transferred to the downstream program parts.
- Presetting the (integral) heat flows can be made possible by setting the casting roll temperature. This in turn is determined by the casting roll materials, the cooling water temperature and the cooling water quantity.
- the first step of this calculation model is to describe the condition of the casting roll surface and to calculate the associated heat transfers (surface "mountains”, gas-filled “valleys”, transition areas) and to divide them into classes (fuzzification) and to transmit the respective temperatures.
- the primary solidification for the different classes is calculated.
- the primary solidification dendrite growth, orientations, lengths, arm distances
- the goal of this step is to calculate the size distribution and direction of growth of the dendrites.
- a segregation model and an elimination model serve to determine segregations and excretions.
- the latter in combination with the temperature model, determines the degree of excretion processes that are fuzzyfied for the respective belt position.
- All fuzzified parameters are transferred to an on-line calculation model which determines the current conditions for the steel strip 1 on the basis of the continuously running temperature model and, if necessary, influences the control parameters by means of control circuits.
- Quality characteristics are returned from tapes that have already been produced and saved, and correlated with the manufacturing parameters.
- New process parameters are proposed in a self-learning loop.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
Abstract
In a method for the continuous casting of a thin metal strip according to the two-roll method, metal melt is cast into a casting gap formed by two casting rolls of the thickness of the metal strip to be cast, under formation of a melting bath. In order to form a particular texture within the cast metal strip and/or to influence the geometry of the metal strip, continuous casting is carried out by an on-line calculation based upon an arithmetic model describing the formation of the particular texture of the metal and/or the formation of the geometry of the metal strip, wherein variables of the continuous casting method affecting the formation of the texture and/or the geometry are adjusted in an on-line dynamic fashion, i.e. while casting takes place.
Description
Verfahren zum StranggießenContinuous casting process
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines dünnen Metallbandes im Zweiwalzenverfahren, insbesondere eines Stahlbandes, vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke geringer als 10 mm, wobei Metallschmelze in einen von zwei Gießwalzen in der Dicke des zu gießenden Metallbandes gebildeten Gießspalt unter Bildung eines Schmelzbades gegossen wird.The invention relates to a process for the continuous casting of a thin metal strip in a two-roll process, in particular a steel strip, preferably with a thickness of less than 10 mm, molten metal being poured into a casting gap formed by two casting rolls in the thickness of the metal strip to be cast, with the formation of a molten bath.
Verfahren dieser Art sind in der WO 95/15233 und der EP-Bl 0 813 700 sowie in der AT-B 408.198 beschrieben. Die ersten beiden Dokumente betreffen auf Prozeßmodellen beruhende Regelungsverfahren für das Zweiwalzengießverfahren, die jedoch den Nachteil aufweisen, daß erst bei Abweichen der Regelgrößen von geforderten Ist-Werten korrigierend eingegriffen werden kann, sodaß zunächst mehr oder weniger große Abweichungen vom gewünschten Zustand des Metallbandes, z.B. hinsichtlich Dicke, Gefüge etc., in Kauf genommen werden müssen, auch wenn nachfolgend eine Korrektur des Prozeßmodells vorgenommen wird, wie das in er EP-Bl 0 813 700 beschrieben ist.Methods of this type are described in WO 95/15233 and EP-Bl 0 813 700 and in AT-B 408.198. The first two documents relate to control processes based on process models for the two-roll casting process, which, however, have the disadvantage that corrective action can only be taken if the controlled variables deviate from the required actual values, so that initially more or less large deviations from the desired condition of the metal strip, e.g. with regard to thickness, structure, etc., must be accepted, even if the process model is subsequently corrected, as described in EP-Bl 0 813 700.
Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Stranggießverfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, das es ermöglicht, für das Metallband die Einhaltung vorgegebener Qualitätsmerkmale wie insbesondere die Ausbildung eines gewünschten Gefuges des Metalls bzw. die Sicherstellung einer bestimmten Geometrie zu ermöglichen, u.zw. für Metalle unterschiedlicher chemischer Zusammensetzung, d.h. für eine Vielzahl zu gießenden Stahlqualitäten bzw. Stahlgüten.The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to provide a continuous casting method of the type described in the introduction, which makes it possible for the metal strip to adhere to predetermined quality features, such as in particular the formation of a desired structure of the metal or the securing of a specific one Enable geometry, etc. for metals with different chemical compositions, i.e. for a variety of steel qualities or steel grades to be cast.
Insbesondere stellt sich die Erfindung die Aufgabe, Abweichungen der Qualität des Metallbandes von vornherein zu vermeiden, u.zw. durch Herstellen der Möglichkeit des Eingreifens in Erzeugungsstufen, bei denen ein die Qualität bestimmender zu erzielender Ist- Wert des Metallbandes noch nicht ohne weiteres erkennbar ist bzw. nicht auf direktem Wege festgestellt werden kann.In particular, the object of the invention is to avoid deviations in the quality of the metal strip from the outset, etc. by creating the possibility of intervening in production stages in which an actual value of the metal strip that determines the quality and is not yet easily recognizable or cannot be determined directly.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zur Ausbildung eines bestimmten Gefuges im gegossenen Metallband und/oder zur Beeinflussung der Geometrie des Metallbandes das Stranggießen unter on-line-Berechnung unter Zugrundelegung eines die Ausbildung des bestimmten Gefuges des Metalles und/oder die Ausbildung der Geometrie des Metallbandes beschreibenden Rechenmodells durchgeführt wird, wober die
Gefügeausbildung bzw. die Geometrie beinflussende Variablen des Stranggießverfahrens on-line-dynamisch, d.h. während des laufenden Gießens, eingestellt werden.This object is achieved in that for the formation of a certain structure in the cast metal strip and / or for influencing the geometry of the metal strip, the continuous casting with on-line calculation on the basis of the formation of the specific structure of the metal and / or the formation of the geometry of the metal strip describing calculation model is carried out, the Microstructure formation or variables influencing the geometry of the continuous casting process can be set on-line dynamically, ie during the ongoing casting.
Beim Bandgießprozeß bildet die Struktur der Gießwalzenoberflächen einen wichtigen Faktor bei der Erstarrung bzw. Gefügeausbildung. Diese Struktur wird vom flüssigen Metall nur bis zu einem gewissen Grad nachgebildet, d.h. es kommt entsprechend der Struktur der Oberfläche der Gießwalzen in bestimmten Oberflächenbereichen zu einer stärkeren und in anderen Oberflächenbereichen zu einer verzögerten Erstarrung. Erfindungsgemäß wird vorzugsweise die Strukturierung der Oberfläche der Gießwalzen erfaßt, vorzugsweise online erfaßt, und in das Rechenmodell unter Berücksichtigung der daraus resultierenden Erstarrungs- und Seigerungsbedingungen, insbesondere bei der Primärerstarrung, integriert.In the strip casting process, the structure of the casting roll surfaces is an important factor in solidification or microstructure formation. This structure is only reproduced to a certain extent by the liquid metal, i.e. Depending on the structure of the surface of the casting rolls, solidification occurs in certain surface areas and in other surface areas it is delayed. According to the invention, the structuring of the surface of the casting rolls is preferably recorded, preferably recorded online, and integrated into the computing model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, in particular in the case of primary solidification.
Für die Erstarrung des Metalles an den Oberflächen der Gießwalzen ist es wesentlich, diese Oberflächen zu konditionieren, wie durch Reinigen, Besprühen, Beschichten, insbesondere durch Bespülen mit Gas bzw. mit Gasgemischen. Dieses Gas bzw. diese Gasgemische bestimmen den Wärmeübergang von der Schmelze bzw. bereits erstarrtem Metall zu den Gießwalzen hin, und es werden daher gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform die chemische Zusammensetzung des Gases bzw. des Gasgemisches sowie die Menge und gegebenenfalls die Verteilung über die Länge der Gießwalzen erfaßt, vorzugsweise on-line erfaßt, und in das Rechenmodell unter Berücksichtigung der daraus resultierenden Erstarrungs- und Seigerungsbedingungen, insbesondere bei der Primärerstarrung, integiert.For the solidification of the metal on the surfaces of the casting rolls, it is essential to condition these surfaces, such as by cleaning, spraying, coating, in particular by flushing with gas or with gas mixtures. This gas or these gas mixtures determine the heat transfer from the melt or already solidified metal to the casting rolls, and therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, the chemical composition of the gas or the gas mixture and the amount and optionally the distribution over the length of the Casting rolls recorded, preferably recorded online, and integrated into the calculation model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, particularly in the case of primary solidification.
Hierbei werden gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit dem Rechenmodell thermodynamische Zustandsänderungen des gesamten Metallbandes, wie Änderungen der Temperatur, durch Lösen einer Wärmeleitungsgleichung und Lösen einer die Phasen- Umwandlungskinetik beschreibenden Gleichung bzw. Gleichungssystemen ständig mitgerechnet und wird die Temperatureinstellung des Metallbandes sowie gegebenenfalls der Gießwalzen in Abhängigkeit des errechneten Wertes mindestens einer der thermodynarnischen Zustandsgrößen eingestellt, wobei für die Simulation die Dicke des Metallbandes, die chemische Analyse des Metalles sowie die Gießgeschwindigkeit berücksichtigt werden, deren Werte vorzugsweise während des Gießens wiederholt gemessen werden, insbesondere die Dicke betreffend ständig gemessen werden.According to a preferred embodiment, thermodynamic changes in the state of the entire metal strip, such as changes in temperature, are constantly included in the calculation model by solving a heat conduction equation and solving an equation or equation systems describing the phase conversion kinetics, and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if appropriate, of the casting rolls is dependent of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the casting speed being taken into account for the simulation, the values of which are preferably measured repeatedly during the casting, in particular the thickness is continuously measured.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Koppelung der Berechnung der Temperatur des Stranges mit dem Rechenmodell, das die Ausbildung eines bestimmten zeit- und temperaturabhängigen Gefuges des Metalls beinhaltet, ist es möglich, die Variablen des Stranggießverfahrens, die das Stranggießen beeinflussen, der chemischen Analyse des Metalles sowie der örtlichen
Temperaturgeschichte des Stranges anzupassen. Hierdurch kann gezielt eine gewünschte Gefügestruktur im weitesten Sinn (Korngröße, Phasenausbildung, Ausscheidungen) im Metallband sichergestellt werden.By coupling the calculation of the temperature of the strand according to the invention with the calculation model, which includes the formation of a specific time and temperature-dependent structure of the metal, it is possible to determine the variables of the continuous casting process that influence the continuous casting, the chemical analysis of the metal and the local one Adapt temperature history of the strand. In this way, a desired microstructure in the broadest sense (grain size, phase formation, excretions) can be ensured in the metal strip.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß erfindungsgemäß eine Wärmeleitgleichung in stark vereinfachter Form angewendet werden kann und trotzdem eine hinreichend hohe Genauigkeit bei der Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe sichergestellt ist. Als vereinfachte. Wärmeleitgleichung genügt der erste Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik. Große Bedeutung kommt der Festlegung der Randbedingungen zu.It has been shown that, according to the invention, a heat conduction equation can be used in a greatly simplified form and nevertheless a sufficiently high level of accuracy is ensured when the object according to the invention is achieved. As a simplified. The first law of thermodynamics satisfies the thermal equation. The definition of the boundary conditions is of great importance.
Vorzugsweise ist in das Rechenmodell ein kontinuierliches Phasen-Umwandlungsmodell des Metalles integriert, insbesondere nach Avrami.A continuous phase conversion model of the metal is preferably integrated into the computing model, in particular according to Avrami.
Die Avrami-Gleichung beschreibt in ihrer allgemeinen Form alle diffüsionsgesteuerten Umwandlungsvorgänge für die jeweilige Temperatur unter isothermen Bedingungen. Durch Berücksichtigung dieser Gleichung im Rechenmodell können ganz gezielt beim Stahl- Stranggießen Ferrit-, Perlit- und Bainit- Anteile eingestellt werden, u.zw. auch unter Berücksichtigung einer Haltezeit bei bestimmter Temperatur.In its general form, the Avrami equation describes all diffusion-controlled conversion processes for the respective temperature under isothermal conditions. By taking this equation into account in the calculation model, ferrite, pearlite and bainite fractions can be set very specifically in continuous steel casting, etc. also taking into account a holding time at a certain temperature.
Vorzugsweise ist das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit dem Rechenmodell thermodynamisch Zustandsänderungen des gesamten Metallbandes, wie Änderungen der Temperatur, durch Lösen einer Wärmeleitungsgleichung und Lösen einer die Ausscheidungskinetik während und/oder nach der Erstarrung, insbesondere nichtmetallischer und intermetallischer Ausscheidungen, beschreibenden Gleichung bzw. Gleichungssystemen ständig mitgerechnet werden und die Temperatureinstellung des Metallbandes sowie gegebenenfalls der Gießwalzen in Abhängigkeit des errechneten Wertes mindestens einer der thermodynamischen Zustandsgrößen eingestellt wird, wobei für die Simulation die Dicke des Metallbandes, die chemische Analyse des Metalles sowie die Gießgeschwindigkeit berücksichtigt werden, deren Werte vorzugsweise während des Gießens wiederholt gemessen werden, insbesondere die Dicke betreffend ständig gemessen werden.The method is preferably characterized in that, with the computing model, thermodynamically changes in the state of the entire metal strip, such as changes in temperature, by solving a heat conduction equation and solving an equation or system of equations describing the excretion kinetics during and / or after solidification, in particular non-metallic and intermetallic precipitations are constantly included in the calculation and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if applicable, of the casting rolls is set as a function of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the casting speed, the values of which are preferably taken into account during the simulation Pouring can be measured repeatedly, especially regarding the thickness.
Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, daß die Ausscheidungskinetik aufgrund freier Phasenenergie und Keimbildung und Verwendung thermodynamischer Grundgrößen, insbesondere der Gibb'schen Energie, und das Keimwachstum nach Zener in das Rechenmodell integriert.It is advantageous here that the elimination kinetics due to free phase energy and nucleation and the use of thermodynamic basic variables, in particular Gibb's energy, and the germ growth according to Zener are integrated into the calculation model.
Zweckmäßig werden Gefügemengenverhältnisse gemäß Mehrstoffsystem-Diagrammen, wie z.B. gemäß Fe-C-Diagramm, in das Rechenmodell integriert.
Vorteilhaft sind in das Rechenmodell Kornwachstumseigenschaften und/oder Kornbildungseigenschaften, gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung von Rekristallisation des Metalles, integriert. Hierbei kann eine dynamische und oder verzögerte und/oder eine Postrekristallisation, d.h. eine Rekristallisation, die später in einem Ofen stattfindet, im Rechenmodell berücksichtigt werden.Structural quantity relationships are expediently integrated into the calculation model in accordance with multi-material system diagrams, such as, for example, in accordance with the Fe-C diagram. Grain growth properties and / or grain formation properties are advantageously integrated into the computational model, possibly taking into account recrystallization of the metal. A dynamic and or delayed and / or post-recrystallization, ie a recrystallization that later takes place in an oven, can be taken into account in the calculation model.
Vorzugsweise ist als Variable des Stranggießens, die ebenfalls eine Gefügeäusbildung beeinflußt, eine während des Ausforderns des Metallbandes stattfindende ein- oder mehrstufige Warm- und/oder Kaltwalzung in das Rechenmodell integriert, wodurch auch während des Stranggießens stattfindende thermomechanische Walzungen, beispielsweise hochtemperatur-thermomechanische Walzungen, bei einer Strangtemperatur größer Ac3 berücksichtigt werden können. Als Walzungen werden erfindungsgemäß Dickenreduktionen auch nach Haspeln des Bandes und auch in Niedrig-Temperaturbereichen (z.B. bei 200 - 300°C), die auch on-line durchgeführt werden können, d.h. ohne vorherige Haspelung angesehen.Preferably, as a variable of the continuous casting, which also influences the formation of a microstructure, a single-stage or multi-stage hot and / or cold rolling that takes place during the loading of the metal strip is integrated in the computing model, so that thermomechanical rolling, for example high-temperature thermomechanical rolling, also takes place during the continuous casting. can be taken into account at a strand temperature greater than Ac 3 . Thickness reductions according to the invention, even after reeling the strip and also in low-temperature ranges (for example at 200-300 ° C.), which can also be carried out on-line, ie without prior reeling, are considered as rolling tongues.
Weiters wird vorzugsweise mit dem Rechenmodell auch der mechanische Zustand, wie das Verformungsverhalten, durch Lösen weiterer Modellgleichungen, insbesondere durch Lösen der kontinuumsmechnischen Grundgleichungen für das visco-elasto-plastische Werkstoffverhalten, ständig mitgerechnet.Furthermore, the mechanical state, such as the deformation behavior, is preferably also constantly included in the calculation model by solving further model equations, in particular by solving the basic continuum-technical equations for the visco-elasto-plastic material behavior.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mengenmäßig definiertes Gefüge durch Aufbringen einer on-line errechneten Strangverformung, welche eine Rekristallisation des Gefuges bewirkt, eingestellt wird.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that a quantity-defined structure is set by applying an on-line strand deformation, which causes the structure to recrystallize.
Weiters wird zweckmäßig eine thermische Beeinflussung der Metallschmelze und bereits erstarrten Metalles durch die Gießwalzen unter on-line Erfassung der Gießwalzenkühlung in das Rechenmodell integriert.Furthermore, a thermal influence of the molten metal and already solidified metal by the casting rolls is expediently integrated into the calculation model, with the casting roll cooling being recorded online.
Es ist zusätzlich von Vorteil, wenn eine thermische Beeinflussung des Metallbandes, wie Kühlen und/oder Erhitzen, in das Rechenmodell integriert ist. Hierbei sind gegebenenfalls Unterschiede zwischen dem Rand und dem Mittenbereich des Metallbandes zu beachten.It is also advantageous if a thermal influence on the metal strip, such as cooling and / or heating, is integrated in the computing model. Differences between the edge and the central area of the metal strip may have to be taken into account.
Eine vorteilhafte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Rechenmodell ein Walzprozeßmodell, vorzugsweise ein Warmwalzprozeßmodell, integriert ist, wobei das Walzprozeßmodell zweckmäßig eine Walzkraftberechnung und/oder
eine Walzbiegekraftberechnung und/oder für speziell profilierte Walzen eine Walzverschiebungsberechnung und/oder eine Walzendeformationsberechnung und/oder für thermisch verursachte Walzgeometrieänderungen eine Verformungsberechnung integriert hat.An advantageous variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a rolling process model, preferably a hot rolling process model, is integrated in the computing model, the rolling process model expediently carrying out a rolling force calculation and / or a roll bending force calculation and / or a roll displacement calculation and / or a roll deformation calculation and / or a deformation calculation for thermally caused changes in the roll geometry has been integrated for specially profiled rolls.
Erfindungsgemäß lassen sich mit dem Rechenmodell mechanische Eigenschaften des Metallbandes, wie Streckgrenze, Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung usw., im Voraus errechnen, sodaß bei Feststellen einer Abweichung dieser vorausberechneten Werte von vorbestimmten Zielwerten rechtzeitig korrigierend eingegriffen werden kann, u.zw. in den jeweils am besten hierfür geeigneten Erzeugungsstufen, d.h. beim Erstarren und nachfolgenden thermischen Beeinflussen bzw. beim anschließenden Walzen, Rekristallisieren etc.According to the invention, mechanical properties of the metal strip, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, etc., can be calculated in advance with the calculation model, so that if a deviation of these pre-calculated values from predetermined target values can be determined, corrective action can be taken in good time, etc. in the most suitable generation stages, i.e. during solidification and subsequent thermal influencing or during subsequent rolling, recrystallization etc.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, wobei die dargestellte Fig. eine Stranggießanlage der eingangs beschriebenen Art in schematischer Darstellung veranschaulicht.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing, the figure shown illustrating a continuous casting installation of the type described at the beginning in a schematic illustration.
Zum Gießen eines dünnen Bandes 1, insbesondere eines Stahlbandes mit einer Dicke zwischen 1 und 10 mm, dient eine von zwei parallel zueinander und nebeneinander angeordneten Gießwalzen 2 gebildete Stranggießkokille. Die Gießwalzen 2 bilden einen Gießspalt 3, den sogenannten "Kissing-point", an dem das Band 1 aus der S.tranggießkokille austritt. Oberhalb des Gießspaltes 3 ist ein Raum 4, der von einer eine Abdeckung bildenden Abdeckplatte 5 nach oben abgeschirmt ist, gebildet und der zur Aufnahme eines Schmelzbades 6 dient. Die Metallschmelze 7 wird über eine Öffnung 8 der Abdeckung, durch die ein Tauchrohr in das Schmelzbad 6 bis unter den Badspiegel 9 ragt, zugeführt. Die Gießwalzen 2 sind mit einer nicht dargestellten Innenkühlung versehen. Seitlich der Gießwalzen 2 sind Seitenplatten zur Abdichtung des das Schmelzbad 6 aufnehmenden Raumes 4 vorgesehen.For casting a thin strip 1, in particular a steel strip with a thickness between 1 and 10 mm, a continuous casting mold formed by two casting rolls 2 arranged parallel to one another and next to one another is used. The casting rolls 2 form a casting gap 3, the so-called “kissing point”, at which the strip 1 emerges from the continuous casting mold. Above the casting gap 3, a space 4 is formed, which is shielded from above by a cover plate 5 forming a cover and which serves to receive a weld pool 6. The molten metal 7 is fed through an opening 8 of the cover through which an immersion tube projects into the molten bath 6 to below the bath level 9. The casting rolls 2 are provided with internal cooling, not shown. At the side of the casting rolls 2, side plates are provided for sealing the space 4 which receives the weld pool 6.
An den Oberflächen 10 der Gießwalzen 2 kommt es jeweils zur Bildung einer Strangschale, wobei diese Strangschalen im Gießspalt 3, d.h. am Kissing-point, zu einem Band 1 vereinigt werden. Zur optimalen Bildung eines Bandes 1 mit in etwa gleichmäßiger Dicke - vorzugsweise mit leichter normgerechter Wölbung - ist es wesentlich, daß. im Gießspalt 3 eine spezifische Walzkraftverteilung, z.B. in Rechteckform oder Faßform, vorliegt.A strand shell is formed on the surfaces 10 of the casting rolls 2, these strand shells in the casting gap 3, i.e. at the kissing point, to be combined into a volume 1. For optimal formation of a band 1 with an approximately uniform thickness - preferably with a slight curvature conforming to standards - it is essential that. in the casting gap 3 a specific rolling force distribution, e.g. in rectangular shape or barrel shape.
Zur Konstanthaltung der Struktur der Oberflächen der Gießwalzen können Bürstensysteme vorgesehen sein, deren Bürsten an die Oberflächen 10 der Gießwalzen 2 anstellbar sind.
Zur Qualitätssicherung des gegossenen Stahlbandes 1 dient ein Rechner 11, in den Maschinendaten, das gewünschte Format des Metallbandes, Materialdaten, wie die chemische Analyse der Stahlschmelze, der Gießzustand, die Gießgeschwindigkeit, die Flüssigstahltemperatur, mit der die Stahlschmelze zwischen die Gießwalzen eintritt, sowie das gewünschte Gefüge und gegebenenfalls eine Verformung des Stahlbandes, die on-line oder auch außerhalb der Stranggießanlage stattfinden kann, eingegeben werden. Der Rechner errechnet anhand eines metallurgischen Rechenmodells, das die Phasenumwandlungkinetik und Keimbildungkinetik beinhaltet, und anhand eines thermischen Rechenmodells, das die Temperaturanalyse aufgrund der Lösung einer Wärmeleitungsgleichung ermöglicht, verschiedene die Qualität des Warmbandes beeinflussende Parameter, wie eine Temperaturbeeinflussung der Stahlschmelze und/oder des Stahlbandes sowie weiters die Innenkühlung der Gießwalzen, die Gasbeaufschlagung der Gießwalzen, den Verformungsgrad des mittels eines im dargestellten Beispiel on-line angeordneten Walzgerüstes 12, sowie gegebenenfalls Haspelbedingungen für den Haspel 13, etc.To keep the structure of the surfaces of the casting rolls constant, brush systems can be provided, the brushes of which can be adjusted against the surfaces 10 of the casting rolls 2. For the quality assurance of the cast steel strip 1, a computer 11 is used, in the machine data, the desired format of the metal strip, material data, such as the chemical analysis of the molten steel, the casting condition, the casting speed, the molten steel temperature at which the molten steel enters between the casting rolls, and that desired structure and, if necessary, a deformation of the steel strip, which can take place on-line or outside the continuous caster. On the basis of a metallurgical calculation model, which contains the phase change kinetics and nucleation kinetics, and on the basis of a thermal calculation model, which enables the temperature analysis based on the solution of a heat conduction equation, the computer calculates various parameters influencing the quality of the hot strip, such as a temperature influence of the steel melt and / or the steel strip, as well as further the internal cooling of the casting rolls, the gas loading of the casting rolls, the degree of deformation of the roll stand 12 arranged on-line in the example shown, as well as possibly reeling conditions for the reel 13, etc.
Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Rechenmodell basiert im wesentlichen auf einem Bandgießmodell und einem Walzmodell. Ersteres beinhaltet ein Gießwalzen-, Erstarrungs-, Seigerungs-, Primärgefüge-, Phasenumwandlungs- und Ausscheidungsmodell. Das Walzmodell beinhaltet ein thermophysikalisches Modell, ein Phasenumwandlungs-, Warmwalz-, Ausscheidungs-, Rekristallisations- und Korngrößenmodell sowie ein Modell für eine Vorhersage mechanischer Kenngrößen.The computing model used according to the invention is essentially based on a strip casting model and a rolling model. The former includes a casting roll, solidification, segregation, primary structure, phase change and precipitation model. The rolling model includes a thermophysical model, a phase change, hot rolling, precipitation, recrystallization and grain size model as well as a model for predicting mechanical parameters.
Für die Ersterstarrung an den Gießwalzen 2 ist die Slxukturierung der Gießwalzenoberflächen 10 ausschlaggebend. Das Oberflächenprofil der Gießwalzen 2 wird dabei vom Stahl 7 nachgebildet, allerdings nur bis zu einem gewissen Grad. Aufgrund der Oberflächenspannung des Flüssigstahles 7 werden dabei oft „Täler" überspannt, in denen sich Medien (z.B. Gase) einlagern. Da die Gase die Wärmeabfuhr vom Flüssigstahl 7 zu den Gießwalzen 2 hin vermindern, wird die Erstarrung verzögert.The structuring of the casting roll surfaces 10 is decisive for the initial solidification on the casting rolls 2. The surface profile of the casting rolls 2 is simulated by the steel 7, but only to a certain extent. Due to the surface tension of the liquid steel 7, "valleys" are often spanned, in which media (e.g. gases) are stored. Since the gases reduce the heat dissipation from the liquid steel 7 to the casting rolls 2, the solidification is delayed.
Das Zusammenspiel zwischen speziell geschaffenen Gießwalzenoberflächen 10 und verschiedenen Gasmischungen wird genutzt, um eine für den Gießvorgang geeignete Temperatur einzustellen. Dazu ist es notwendig, die Beschaffenheit der Gießwalzenoberflächen 10 genau zu kennen und zu beschreiben. Dies geschieht durch Vermessen der Gießwalzenoberfläche nach fertiger Oberflächenbearbeitung an mehreren Punkten (idealerweise mehrere Male in axialer Richtung, z.B. mit einem hochsensiblen Meßstift). Die so gewonnenen Oberflächenprofile werden nun gefiltert und in Klassen eingeteilt.
Für jede dieser Klassen werden off-line durch Strömungssimulationen und Versuche Wärmeübergänge ermittelt und somit jeder Oberflächenklasse eine bestimmte Verteilung an Wärmeflüssen zugeordnet. Diese Wärmefluß/Temperaturverteilungen werden an die nachgeschalteten Programmteile übergeben.The interplay between specially created casting roll surfaces 10 and different gas mixtures is used to set a temperature suitable for the casting process. To do this, it is necessary to know and describe exactly the nature of the casting roll surfaces 10. This is done by measuring the surface of the casting roll after finishing the surface at several points (ideally several times in the axial direction, eg with a highly sensitive measuring pin). The surface profiles obtained in this way are now filtered and divided into classes. For each of these classes, heat transfers are determined off-line by flow simulations and tests, and thus a specific distribution of heat flows is assigned to each surface class. These heat flow / temperature distributions are transferred to the downstream program parts.
Eine Voreinstellung der (integralen) Wärmeflüsse kann durch die Einstellung der Gießwalzentemperatur ermöglicht werden. Diese wiederum ist durch die Gießwalzenwerkstoffe, die Kühlwassertemperatur und die Kühlwassermenge bestimmt.Presetting the (integral) heat flows can be made possible by setting the casting roll temperature. This in turn is determined by the casting roll materials, the cooling water temperature and the cooling water quantity.
Der erste Schritt dieses Rechenmodells besteht somit darin, den Zustand der Gießwalzenoberfläche zu beschreiben und die zugehörigen Wärmeübergänge (Oberflächen- „Berge", gasgefüllte „Täler", Übergangsgebiete) zu errechnen und in Klassen einzuteilen (Fuzzyfizierung) sowie die jeweiligen Temperaturen zu übermitteln.The first step of this calculation model is to describe the condition of the casting roll surface and to calculate the associated heat transfers (surface "mountains", gas-filled "valleys", transition areas) and to divide them into classes (fuzzification) and to transmit the respective temperatures.
In einem zweiten Schritt wird die Primärerstarrung zu den verschiedenen Klassen errechnet. Hierzu wurde vorher in Versuchen die Primärerstarrung (Dendritenwachstum, -ausrichtungen, -längen, -armabstände) anhand von Erstarrungsversuchen bestimmt und gleichzeitig mit Simulationsrechnungen in Kombination mit (oder durch Verwendung eines statistischen Modells = zellularen Automaten) dem Temperaturmodell nachgerechnet. Ziel dieses Schrittes ist die Errechnung der Größenverteilung und Wachstumsrichtung der Dendriten.In a second step, the primary solidification for the different classes is calculated. For this purpose, the primary solidification (dendrite growth, orientations, lengths, arm distances) was determined beforehand on the basis of solidification tests and at the same time recalculated with the temperature model using simulation calculations in combination with (or by using a statistical model = cellular automaton). The goal of this step is to calculate the size distribution and direction of growth of the dendrites.
In diesem Schritt werden (nahezu) parallel wachsende Dendriten zu Körnern zusammengefaßt. Das Ergebnis dieses Schrittes ist die Abschätzung der Korngrößenverteilung und ev. eines Formfaktors (Länge/Breite).In this step (almost) parallel growing dendrites are combined into grains. The result of this step is the estimation of the grain size distribution and possibly a form factor (length / width).
Zur Bestimmung von Seigerungen und Ausscheidungen dienen ein Seigerungsmodell und ein Ausscheidungsmodell. Letzteres bestimmt in Kombination mit dem Temperaturmodell für die jeweilige Bandposition den Grad der Ausscheidungsvorgänge, die fuzzyfiziert werden.A segregation model and an elimination model serve to determine segregations and excretions. The latter, in combination with the temperature model, determines the degree of excretion processes that are fuzzyfied for the respective belt position.
Mittels eines mechanischen Modells, welches zusammen mit dem Temperaturmodell die entstehenden Gefügespannungen ermittelt und fuzzyfiziert, ist es möglich, Rißbildungen vorherzusagen.
Alle Parameter werden einem Walzmodell übergeben, dessen Ziel es ist, Vorhersagen über Gefüge, mechanische Parameter sowie Kühlbedingungen im Auslaufteil und geometrische Parameter ,wie z.B. Planheit, vorherzusagen.Using a mechanical model, which, together with the temperature model, determines and fuzzifies the resulting structural stresses, it is possible to predict crack formation. All parameters are transferred to a rolling model, the aim of which is to predict predictions of the structure, mechanical parameters and cooling conditions in the outlet part and geometric parameters, such as flatness.
Alle fuzzyfizierten Parameter werden einem on-line Berechnungsmodell übergeben, welches anhand des ständig mitlaufenden Temperaturmodells die aktuellen Bedingungen für das Stahlband 1 ermittelt und gegebenenfalls mittels Steuerkreise auf die Steuerparameter Einfluß nimmt.All fuzzified parameters are transferred to an on-line calculation model which determines the current conditions for the steel strip 1 on the basis of the continuously running temperature model and, if necessary, influences the control parameters by means of control circuits.
Aus bereits produzierten Bändern werden Qualitätsmerkmale wieder zurückgeleitet und gespeichert sowie mit den Herstellparametern korreliert. In einer selbstlernenden Schleife werden neue Verfahrensparameter vorgeschlagen.Quality characteristics are returned from tapes that have already been produced and saved, and correlated with the manufacturing parameters. New process parameters are proposed in a self-learning loop.
Beispiele für Rechenmodelle, wie sie für die Erfindung angewendet werden können, finden sich in der österreichischen Patentanmeldung A 972/2000.
Examples of computing models as can be used for the invention can be found in Austrian patent application A 972/2000.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines dünnen Metallbandes (1) im Zweiwalzenverfahren, insbesondere eines Stahlbandes, vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke geringer als 10 mm, wobei Metallschmelze (7) in einen von zwei Gießwalzen (2) in der Dicke des zu gießenden Metallbandes (1) gebildeten Gießspalt (3) unter Bildung eines Schmelzbades (6) gegossen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ausbildung eines bestimmten Gefuges im gegossenen Metallband und/oder zur Beeinflussung der Geometrie des Metallbandes das Stranggießen unter on-line-Berechnung unter Zugrundelegung eines die Ausbildung des bestimmten Gefuges des Metalles und/oder die Ausbildung der Geometrie des Metallbandes beschreibenden Rechenmodells durchgeführt wird, wobei die Gefügeausbildung bzw. die Geometrie beinflussende Variablen des Stranggießverfahrens on-line-dynamisch, d.h. während des laufenden Gießens, eingestellt werden.1. Method for the continuous casting of a thin metal strip (1) using the two-roll method, in particular a steel strip, preferably with a thickness of less than 10 mm, metal melt (7) in one of two casting rolls (2) in the thickness of the metal strip (1) to be cast Formed casting gap (3) is cast to form a molten bath (6), characterized in that for the formation of a particular structure in the cast metal strip and / or for influencing the geometry of the metal strip, the continuous casting under online calculation based on the formation of the certain structure of the metal and / or the design of the geometry of the metal strip describing computing model is carried out, the structure formation or the geometry-influencing variables of the continuous casting process on-line dynamic, ie while casting is in progress.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strukturierung der Oberfläche der Gießwalzen erfaßt, vorzugsweise on-line erfaßt, und in das Rechenmodell unter Berücksichtigung der daraus resultierenden Erstarrungs- und Seigerungsbedingungen, insbesondere bei der Primärerstarrung, integriert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the structuring of the surface of the casting rolls is detected, preferably recorded on-line, and is integrated into the computing model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, in particular in the case of primary solidification.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächen (11) der Gießwalzen (2) oberhalb des Schmelzbades (6) mit einem Gas oder Gasgemisch bespült werden und die chemische Zusammensetzung des Gases bzw. Gasgemisches sowie die Menge und gegebenenfalls Verteilung über die Länge der Gießwalzen erfaßt, vorzugsweise on-line erfaßt, und in das Rechenmodell unter Berücksichtigung der daraus resultierenden Erstarrungs- und Seigerungsbedingungen, insbesondere bei der Primärerstarrung, integriert werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surfaces (11) of the casting rolls (2) above the melting bath (6) are flushed with a gas or gas mixture and the chemical composition of the gas or gas mixture and the amount and, if appropriate Distribution over the length of the casting rolls recorded, preferably recorded online, and integrated into the calculation model, taking into account the resulting solidification and segregation conditions, in particular in the case of primary solidification.
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit dem Rechenmodell thermodynamische Zustandsänderungen des gesamten Metallbandes, wie Änderungen der Temperatur, durch Lösen einer Wärmeleitungsgleichung und Lösen einer die Phasen-Umwandlungskinetik beschreibenden Gleichung bzw. Gleichungssystemen ständig mitgerechnet werden und die Temperatureinstellung des Metallbandes sowie gegebenenfalls der Gießwalzen in Abhängigkeit des errechneten Wertes mindestens einer der thermodynamischen Zustandsgrößen eingestellt wird, wobei für die Simulation die Dicke des Metallbandes, die chemische Analyse des Metalles sowie die Gießgeschwindigkeit berücksichtigt werden, deren Werte, vorzugsweise während des Gießens wiederholt gemessen werden, insbesondere die Dicke betreffend ständig gemessen werden.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that with the computing model thermodynamic changes in state of the entire metal strip, such as changes in temperature, by solving a heat conduction equation and solving an equation or equation systems describing the phase conversion kinetics are constantly included in the calculation and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if appropriate, of the casting rolls is set as a function of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the casting speed being taken into account for the simulation, the values of which, preferably during the casting, are measured repeatedly, in particular the thickness is measured continuously.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Rechenmodell ein kontinuierliches Phasen-Umwandlungsmodell des Metalles integriert ist, insbesondere nach Avrami.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a continuous phase conversion model of the metal is integrated in the computing model, in particular according to Avrami.
6. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit dem Rechenmodell thermodynamisch Zustandsänderungen des gesamten Metallbandes, wie Änderungen der Temperatur, durch Lösen einer Wärmeleitungsgleichung und Lösen einer die Ausscheidungskinetik während und/oder nach der Erstarrung, insbesondere nichtmetallischer und intermetallischer Ausscheidungen, beschreibenden Gleichung bzw. Gleichungssystemen ständig mitgerechnet werden und die Temperatureinstellung des Metallbandes sowie gegebenenfalls der Gießwalzen in Abhängigkeit des errechneten Wertes mindestens einer der thermodynamischen Zustandsgrößen eingestellt wird, wobei für die Simulation die Dicke des Metallbandes, die chemische Analyse des Metalles sowie die Gießgeschwindigkeit berücksichtigt werden, deren Werte vorzugsweise während des Gießens wiederholt gemessen werden, insbesondere die Dicke betreffend ständig gemessen werden.6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that with the computing model thermodynamically changes in state of the entire metal strip, such as changes in temperature, by solving a heat conduction equation and solving the excretion kinetics during and / or after solidification, in particular non-metallic and intermetallic precipitates, descriptive equation or systems of equations are constantly included in the calculation and the temperature setting of the metal strip and, if applicable, the casting rolls is set as a function of the calculated value of at least one of the thermodynamic state variables, the thickness of the metal strip, the chemical analysis of the metal and the for the simulation Casting speed are taken into account, the values of which are preferably measured repeatedly during the casting, in particular the thickness is measured continuously.
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausscheidungskinetik aufgrund freier Phasenenergie und Keimbildung und Verwendung thermodynamischer Grundgrößen, insbesondere der Gibb'schen Energie, und das Keimwachstum nach Zener in das Rechenmodell integriert ist.7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the excretion kinetics due to free phase energy and nucleation and use of thermodynamic basic variables, in particular Gibb's energy, and the germ growth according to Zener is integrated into the computing model.
8. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auch Gefügemengenverhältnisse gemäß Mehrstoffsystem-Diagrammen, wie z.B. gemäß Fe-C-Diagramm, in das Rechenmodell integriert sind.8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that structural relationships according to multi-substance system diagrams, such as. according to the Fe-C diagram, are integrated in the calculation model.
9. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Rechenmodell Kornwachstumseigenschaften und/oder Kornbildungseigenschaften, gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung von Rekristallisation des Metalles, integriert sind.9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the computing model grain growth properties and / or grain formation properties, optionally taking into account recrystallization of the metal, are integrated.
10. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Variable des Stranggießens, die eine Gefügeausbildung beeinflußt, eine während des Ausförderns des Metallbandes stattfindende ein- oder mehrstufige Warmund/oder Kaltwalzung in das Rechenmodell integriert ist.10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that as a variable of the continuous casting, which influences a microstructure, a single-stage or multi-stage hot and / or cold rolling that takes place while the metal strip is being conveyed out is integrated into the computing model.
11. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit dem Rechenmodell auch der mechanische Zustand, wie das Verformungsverhalten, durch Lösen weiterer Modellgleichungen, insbesondere durch Lösen der kontinuumsmechnischen Grundgleichungen für das visco-elasto-plastische Werkstoffverhalten, ständig mitgerechnet wird.11. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that with the computing model, the mechanical state, such as the deformation behavior, by solving further model equations, in particular by solving the continuum-technical basic equations for the visco-elasto-plastic material behavior, constantly is included.
12. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mengenmäßig definiertes Gefüge durch Aufbringen einer on-line errechneten Strangverformung, welche eine Rekristallisation des Gefuges bewirkt, eingestellt wird.12. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a quantity-defined structure is set by applying an on-line calculated strand deformation, which causes recrystallization of the structure.
13. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine thermische Beeinflussung der Metallschmelze und bereits erstarrten Metalles durch die Gießwalzen unter on-line Erfassung der Gießwalzenkühlung in das Rechenmodell integriert ist.13. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a thermal influence of the molten metal and already solidified metal is integrated by the casting rolls with on-line detection of the casting roll cooling in the computing model.
14. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine thermische Beeinflussung des Metallbandes, wie Kühlen und/oder Erhitzen, in das Rechenmodell integriert ist.14. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a thermal influence on the metal strip, such as cooling and / or heating, is integrated in the computing model.
15. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Rechenmodell ein Walzprozeßmodell, vorzugsweise ein Warmwalzprozeßmodell, integriert ist.15. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a rolling process model, preferably a hot rolling process model, is integrated in the computing model.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Walzprozeßmodell eine Walzkraftberechnung integriert hat.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the rolling process model has integrated a rolling force calculation.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Walzprozeßmodell eine Walzbiegekraftberechnung integriert hat.17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the rolling process model has integrated a roll bending force calculation.
18. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Walzprozeßmodell eine Walzverschiebungsberechnung für profilierte Walzen integriert hat. 18. The method according to one or more of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the rolling process model has integrated a roll displacement calculation for profiled rolls.
19. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Walzprozeßmodell eine Walzendeformationsberechnung integriert hat.19. The method according to one or more of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the rolling process model has integrated a roll deformation calculation.
20. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 15 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Walzprozeßmodell eine Verformungsberechnung für thermisch verursachte Walzgeometrieänderungen integriert hat.20. The method according to one or more of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the rolling process model has integrated a deformation calculation for thermally caused changes in the rolling geometry.
21. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels des Rechenmodells mechanische Eigenschaften des Metallbandes, wie Streckgrenze, Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung u.s.w. ständig mitgerechnet oder zumindest für das Bandgießprozeßende errechnet werden. 21. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that by means of the computing model mechanical properties of the metal strip, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, etc. constantly included in the calculation or at least calculated for the end of the strip casting process.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT18772001 | 2001-11-30 | ||
| AT0187701A AT411026B (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2001-11-30 | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING |
| PCT/AT2002/000333 WO2003045607A2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-28 | Method for continuous casting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1448330A2 true EP1448330A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
| EP1448330B1 EP1448330B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
Family
ID=3689197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02791589A Expired - Lifetime EP1448330B1 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-28 | Method for continuous casting |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7044193B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1448330B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005509530A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100945607B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1596163A (en) |
| AT (2) | AT411026B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002357956B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0214608A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2468319C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50207404D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2268138T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04005028A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL204970B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2301129C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI289485B (en) |
| UA (1) | UA77725C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003045607A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200404193B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4833531B2 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2011-12-07 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Press molding processing apparatus, press molding processing method, computer program, and recording medium |
| KR100977781B1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2010-08-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | Stable initial operation of twin roll sheet casting machine |
| AT506976B1 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2012-10-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY GASING A METAL STRUCTURE |
| EP2280324A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-02-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Control method for a milling system with adaptation of an additional model that differs from a milling model using a milling size |
| EP2280323A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-02-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Control method for a device that affects a milling product |
| CN102233416B (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-04-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Lightly-pressed roll speed control method |
| EP2633929A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Modelling of a casting-rolling assembly |
| DE102012216514B4 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-10-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Statistical quality assurance procedure for steel products within a steel class |
| WO2016061607A1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Berndorf Band Gmbh | Process optimisation for a strip casting system |
| CN106311997A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏非晶电气有限公司 | Technology method for increasing thickness of amorphous alloy strip |
| JP7200982B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2023-01-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Material property value prediction system and metal plate manufacturing method |
| CN120079820B (en) * | 2025-04-30 | 2025-08-01 | 东北大学 | Method, device, medium and terminal for determining process parameters of thin strip continuous casting machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6027458A (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1985-02-12 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | continuous casting machine |
| JP2697908B2 (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1998-01-19 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Control device of twin roll continuous casting machine |
| US5031688A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-07-16 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling the thickness of metal strip cast in a twin roll continuous casting machine |
| AT408197B (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 2001-09-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY casting a METAL STRAND |
| ATE165029T1 (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1998-05-15 | Siemens Ag | CASTING ROLLING PLANT FOR STEEL STRIPS AND CONTROL SYSTEM THEREOF |
| US6044895A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2000-04-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous casting and rolling system including control system |
| FR2726210B1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1997-01-10 | Usinor Sacilor | SHAPING THIN METAL PRODUCTS BETWEEN TWO CYLINDERS |
| DE19508474A1 (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1996-09-19 | Siemens Ag | Intelligent computer control system |
| FR2732627B1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-04-30 | Usinor Sacilor | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE BOMB OF THE CYLINDERS OF A CASTING SYSTEM OF METAL STRIPS |
| IT1284214B1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-05-14 | Acciai Speciali Terni Spa | CONTINUOUS CASTING METHOD OF THIN METALLIC PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT SUITABLE FOR ITS EXECUTION |
| AT408623B (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2002-01-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE QUALITY OF ROLLING PRODUCTS FROM HOT ROLLING PROCESSES |
| IT1294228B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-03-24 | Acciai Speciali Terni Spa | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL BELTS, AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL BELTS SO |
| AT408198B (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2001-09-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY CASTING A THIN BELT AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| FR2783444B1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-12-15 | Kvaerner Metals Clecim | LAMINATION PROCESS OF A METAL PRODUCT |
| JP2000210759A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | Casting method with twin-drum continuous casting machine |
| AT409352B (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2002-07-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY casting a METAL STRAND |
| US6314776B1 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2001-11-13 | Alcoa Inc. | Sixth order actuator and mill set-up system for rolling mill profile and flatness control |
-
2001
- 2001-11-30 AT AT0187701A patent/AT411026B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-11-21 TW TW091133991A patent/TWI289485B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-28 CA CA2468319A patent/CA2468319C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-28 ES ES02791589T patent/ES2268138T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-28 KR KR1020047008273A patent/KR100945607B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-28 BR BR0214608-8A patent/BR0214608A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-28 EP EP02791589A patent/EP1448330B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-28 JP JP2003547097A patent/JP2005509530A/en active Pending
- 2002-11-28 DE DE50207404T patent/DE50207404D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-28 AU AU2002357956A patent/AU2002357956B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-28 CN CNA028237382A patent/CN1596163A/en active Pending
- 2002-11-28 MX MXPA04005028A patent/MXPA04005028A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-11-28 RU RU2004119834/02A patent/RU2301129C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-28 PL PL370797A patent/PL204970B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-28 AT AT02791589T patent/ATE331577T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-28 WO PCT/AT2002/000333 patent/WO2003045607A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-28 CN CNA200610143630XA patent/CN1974064A/en active Pending
- 2002-11-28 UA UA20040605172A patent/UA77725C2/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-05-28 ZA ZA200404193A patent/ZA200404193B/en unknown
- 2004-06-01 US US10/857,999 patent/US7044193B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03045607A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US7044193B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
| MXPA04005028A (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| WO2003045607A2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
| US20040216861A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| AT411026B (en) | 2003-09-25 |
| ES2268138T3 (en) | 2007-03-16 |
| CA2468319A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
| PL204970B1 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
| PL370797A1 (en) | 2005-05-30 |
| DE50207404D1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| ATA18772001A (en) | 2003-02-15 |
| JP2005509530A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| UA77725C2 (en) | 2007-01-15 |
| EP1448330B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| RU2004119834A (en) | 2005-06-10 |
| ATE331577T1 (en) | 2006-07-15 |
| BR0214608A (en) | 2004-09-14 |
| ZA200404193B (en) | 2005-01-24 |
| CN1596163A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN1974064A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| WO2003045607A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
| AU2002357956B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| KR20040063162A (en) | 2004-07-12 |
| TW200300371A (en) | 2003-06-01 |
| AU2002357956A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| TWI289485B (en) | 2007-11-11 |
| CA2468319C (en) | 2010-06-22 |
| KR100945607B1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| RU2301129C2 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
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