EP1454094B1 - Grille pour chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides et chaudieres equipees d'une telle grille - Google Patents

Grille pour chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides et chaudieres equipees d'une telle grille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1454094B1
EP1454094B1 EP02775676A EP02775676A EP1454094B1 EP 1454094 B1 EP1454094 B1 EP 1454094B1 EP 02775676 A EP02775676 A EP 02775676A EP 02775676 A EP02775676 A EP 02775676A EP 1454094 B1 EP1454094 B1 EP 1454094B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
elements
burning
fuel bodies
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02775676A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1454094A1 (fr
Inventor
Tomas Andersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sahlins Pellets Power AB
Original Assignee
Sahlins Pellets Power AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sahlins Pellets Power AB filed Critical Sahlins Pellets Power AB
Publication of EP1454094A1 publication Critical patent/EP1454094A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1454094B1 publication Critical patent/EP1454094B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
    • F23H9/02—Revolving cylindrical grates

Definitions

  • this invention relates to a grate for heaters for burning solid fuel bodies of the type that comprises a plurality of interspaced elements, at least some of which are rotatable in order to, during burning of fuel bodies on the same, set the fuel bodies in motion while tumbling the same as the burning gradually progresses and as ashes or other residual deposits automatically fall down into a subjacent ash space via interspaces between adjacent elements, a plurality of grate elements being drivable in one and the same direction of rotation in order to convey the fuel bodies in a direction from one end of the grate towards the opposite end thereof.
  • a grate that forms a bottom in the burning chamber where the fuel is burnt and gasified is usually included.
  • some type of feeder device mouths on a level above the grate, e.g. a worm conveyer, which continuously or intermittently feeds out the fuel bodies so that these fall down on the grate.
  • Below the grate there is a space in which ashes or other residual deposits are allowed to fall down and accumulate.
  • Prior art grates for small heaters have generally been composed of solid and rigid constructions, which on one hand are able to retain the fuel bodies during the time required for burning and on the other hand allow supply of primary air from below. Perforated sheet metal plates, for instance, have been employed for this purpose. The purpose of these holes is to let through primary air to the fuel, the ashes subsequently being allowed to fall down over an edge of the sheet metal.
  • a grate designed for large furnaces which grate includes a plurality of rotatable, cylindrical rolls, which are intended to receive the fuel from above and crush or disintegrate residual deposits in the form of, among other things, ashes with the intention to facilitate the passage thereof to an ash space situated below the grate via the interspaces between the rolls.
  • Said rolls are all formed with external, cog-like projections and are arranged to interact in pairs, more precisely in such a way that the two rolls in each pair rotate in opposite directions powdered, granular or cluster-like components in the interspace between the rolls.
  • This grate is, however, associated with the disadvantage that the down-falling, fresh fuel bodies remain in the drop area without being conveyed surface-wise on top if the grate.
  • the consequence of this may easily be that parts of unburnt fuel bodies still rich in energy may be disintegrated and fall down into the ash space situated below the grate.
  • GB 251,849 A discloses a mechanical grate for heaters for burning solid fuel bodies.
  • Said known grate comprises a plurality of interspaced elements (P), at least some of which are rotatable in order to, during burning of fuel bodies on the same, set the fuel bodies in motion while tumbling the same as the burning progresses and as ashes or other residual deposits automatically fall down onto a subjacent ash space via interspaces between adjacent elements.
  • a plurality of grate elements (P) being drivable in one and the same direction of rotation in order to convey the fuel bodies in a direction from one end of the grate towards the opposite end, whereby the grate elements are mutually parallel and the interspaces between the same are of a substantially uniform width.
  • This known grate is also associated with the disadvantage that bigger parts of unburned fuel bodies may fall down into the ash space situated below the grate, or may be outfeed unburnt.
  • US 5 452 670 an installation is known to destruct car tyres by means of burning or gasification.
  • This installation includes a grate-like set of rotatable rolls by means of which tyres that are fed in at one end of a surrounding housing may during burning be conveyed surface-wise on the top side of the rolls to an opposite exit end, at which residual deposits may fall down onto a conveyer via the interspaces between the rolls. All rolls, with the exception of the one roll situated nearest to the exit end, are rotatable in one and the same direction of rotation, whereas said last roll in the set of rolls is rotatable in a direction of rotation being opposite to the others.
  • a primary object of the invention is to provide a grate that is suitable for use in small heaters and that not only facilitates the passage of the ashes down into a subjacent ash space, but also guarantees an even distribution and burning of solid fuel bodies of limited size.
  • the grate should be suited for burning biomaterial pellets of the type that is fed out on the grate at one end thereof through a fuel feeder tube.
  • the invention also relates to a heater as such.
  • the features of the heater according to the invention are defined in the dependent claim 3.
  • the heater shown in the drawings comprises an outer wall 1 and a roof in the form of a removable lid 2.
  • a water jacket, in its entirety designated 3, is arranged in the interior of the heater, which water jacket is composed of two concentric, cylindrical sheet-metal plates that define a rotationally symmetrical space 4 in which water may be present.
  • the water jacket 3 is intersected by a plurality of individual tubes 5A, 5B through which flue gases may pass. More specifically, the flue gases pass in the direction upward through the tubes 5A (the ones to the left in fig. 3) and in the direction downward through the tubes 5B (the ones to the right in fig. 3). Cooled water may be led into the water jacket via a conduit 6, while heated water is fed out through a conduit 7.
  • a burning chamber 8 and under this an ash space 9 are arranged.
  • the burning chamber 8 is confined by a vertical tube construction 10, as well as a grate in its entirety designated 11, which constitutes a bottom in the burning chamber 8. Said grate will be described in detail below with reference to figs. 4 and 5.
  • the tube construction 10 includes an external tube 12 and an internal tube 13, in the upper part of which a plurality of small holes 14 are recessed for supply of secondary air to the burning chamber, more precisely through the gap 15 that is formed between the tubes 12, 13.
  • a fireproof tube 16 is arranged, e.g., a ceramic tube.
  • Primary air to the burning chamber is in a suitable way led in from the ash space 9 via the grate 11, as is outlined by the arrow C in fig. 1.
  • the requisite fuel is fed into the grate through a tube 17 having an internal feed worm 18.
  • This feeder tube 17 intersects the tube construction 10 and mouths at one end of the grate 11 (to the left in fig. 2).
  • the tube construction 10 together with the ceramic tube 16 are carried by a horizontal carrier 21, which at the bottom side thereof also carries the grate 11.
  • the carrier 21 may advantageously consist of a plate or sheet metal plate that separates the ash space 9 from a space 22 where the flue gases turn upward. Said space 22 is accessible via a side door 23.
  • An analogous side door 24 enables access to the ash space 9.
  • the grate 11 is composed of a plurality of interspaced elements 25 that are rotatable.
  • said grate elements are exemplified in the form of cylindrical rolls that are mounted in a common frame 26.
  • the frame 26 may advantageously be quadrangular and composed of a pair of parallel side pieces 27, 28 and a pair of end pieces 29, 30, the first-mentioned one of which is situated in the proximity of the feeder tube 17. More precisely, the frame 26 is placed in such a way that the mouth of the feeder tube 17 is located somewhat inside the end piece 29 of the frame, as shown in fig. 4.
  • grate elements or rolls 25 are rotatable, the same being drivable by means of a common driving source 31, e.g., an electric motor, by a transmission in its entirety designated 32.
  • the rolls 25 are at one end thereof connected to bars or shanks 33 that are more slender than the rolls and carry cogwheels 34 at the free ends thereof.
  • Chains or notched belts 35 are included in the transmission, which transfer power to the cogwheels from an output shaft 36 of the driving source.
  • every second shank 33 is longer than the other shanks, the cogwheels 34 being arranged in two rows displaced laterally in relation to each other.
  • the function of the grate according to the invention is best seen in fig. 4.
  • the fuel bodies 37 e.g., in the form of cylindrical pellets (e.g. of a diameter within the range of 6-10 mm)
  • the same fall down a short distance onto the rolls 25 being nearest to the end piece 29 of the frame, i.e. at an in-feeding end of the grate.
  • the burning of the bodies is started, more precisely by means of the primary air that is brought in from below through the grate.
  • the fuel bodies will successively be conveyed in a direction towards the opposite end of the grate, i.e. in the direction of the furthest end piece 30 of the frame.
  • the bodies are burnt while forming ashes, which gradually fall down into the interspaces 38 between adjacent rolls 25.
  • Such an evacuation of ashes down between the rolls is to a great extent facilitated by the rotation of the rolls in so far that the rolls are kept in motion and disintegrate possible residual deposits of a granular character.
  • the rotation of the rolls guarantees that the process of burning results in only fine, powdered particles that without difficulty can fall down through the interspaces 38.
  • the initially solid bodies are tumbled by being continually helter-skeltered between the different rolls. In this way, the fuel bodies are distributed evenly along the grate while guaranteeing an even and clean process of burning.
  • the choice of dimensions of the rolls 25 and the interspaces there-between, respectively, is important. In order to, on one hand, obviate the risk of unburnt bodies, or such parts of the same that still have an energy content, unintentionally falling down via the interspaces 38, these interspaces should have a maximum width of approx. 4 mm. On the other hand, the interspaces should not be narrower than approx. 2 mm in order to guarantee an unimpeded passage of the fine ashes. In practice a width of the interspaces of approx. 3 mm is preferred. In turn, the diameter of the rolls should be within the range of 10-18 mm and preferably amount to 11 to 12 mm. In this way, it is guaranteed that the upwardly directed, substantially V-shaped flutes that are formed between adjacent rolls do not become so deep that they render the horizontal feed of the fuel along the top side of the grate difficult.
  • the rolls 25 of the grate advantageously may be conformal and mutually parallel, as is shown in the drawings. All interspaces or gaps 38 between the rolls may advantageously - though not necessarily - be equally wide. Furthermore, it may be mentioned that the grate advantageously is horizontally oriented, although it is also feasible to arrange the same at a certain limited inclination, e.g. in the direction obliquely upwards/backwards towards the end piece 30 of the frame.
  • the grate elements do not necessarily need to consist of rolls of a cylindrical shape.
  • the grate elements may be of a polygonal, e.g. hexagonal shape, or of a cross-section shape being not circular in another way.
  • the grate according to the invention is useful in other types of heaters than precisely the type being exemplified in figs. 1-3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Grille pour chaudière à combustible solide comprenant une pluralité d'éléments espacés entre eux (25), certains d'entre eux au moins étant mobiles en rotation afin de mettre en mouvement les éléments combustibles lors de leur brûlage sur la grille et les faire tourner au fur et à mesure de l'avancement du brûlage et à mesure que les cendres ou d'autres dépôts résiduels tombent automatiquement dans un cendrier ou espace pour cendre sous-jacent (9) via les espaces (38) entre éléments adjacents, une pluralité des dits éléments de grille (25) pouvant être entraînés dans un même sens de rotation afin de transporter les éléments combustibles d'une extrémité à l'autre de la grille, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de grille (25) sont parallèles entre eux et en ce que les espaces ou intervalles (38) entre éléments sont sensiblement uniformes et ont une faible valeur comprise entre 2 et 4 mm, en ce que les éléments de grille individuels (25) ont une section maximale comprise entre 10 et 18 mm et en ce qu'un certain nombre d'éléments de grille situés à proximité d'une extrémité de chargement de la grille sont des rouleaux cylindriques (25) dont la surface est lisse alors qu'un ou plusieurs éléments de grille situés à proximité de l'extrémité opposée de la grille comportent des éléments en saillie ayant pour but de désintégrer les dépôts résiduels granulaires.
  2. Grille selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce qu'un élément de grille situé à l'opposé de l'extrémité de chargement et pourvu d'ergots de broyage est disposé de façon à tourner en sens inverse par rapport à l'élément de grille adjacent.
  3. Chaudière pour brûler du combustible solide constitué de petits éléments combustibles, comprenant une chambre de combustion ou un foyer (8) délimité par un tube interne (13) situé dans une construction tubulaire (10) et s'étendant vers le haut depuis un fond constitué par une grille (11) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, cette construction comprenant également un tube externe (12) séparé du tube interne (13) par un intervalle (15) à travers lequel l'air secondaire peut être délivré au foyer (8) par une pluralité de petit trous (14) dans le tube interne, et dans laquelle l'air primaire peut être délivré dans le foyer à travers la grille (11) depuis un cendrier ou espace pour cendres (9) placé sous la grille et un tube d'alimentation horizontal (17) coupant ladite construction tubulaire (10) et débouchant à une extrémité de la grille pour délivrer, par le côté, les éléments combustibles sur la grille,
EP02775676A 2001-11-22 2002-11-05 Grille pour chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides et chaudieres equipees d'une telle grille Expired - Lifetime EP1454094B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0103885A SE520631C2 (sv) 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 Rost för pannor för förbränning av fasta bränslekroppar jämte panna med dylik rost
SE0103885 2001-11-22
PCT/SE2002/002005 WO2003044429A1 (fr) 2001-11-22 2002-11-05 Grille pour chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides et chaudieres equipees d'une telle grille

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1454094A1 EP1454094A1 (fr) 2004-09-08
EP1454094B1 true EP1454094B1 (fr) 2007-06-27

Family

ID=20286064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02775676A Expired - Lifetime EP1454094B1 (fr) 2001-11-22 2002-11-05 Grille pour chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides et chaudieres equipees d'une telle grille

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1454094B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE365894T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002341528A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60220943T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL371294A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE520631C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003044429A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPS20120020A1 (it) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-11 Francesco Ragni Bruciatore a pellet e dispositivo di riscaldamento incorporante un tale bruciatore, particolarmente per condomini, locali industriali e altri locali di grandi dimensioni.
CN103939888A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-07-23 天津市双鑫锅炉辅机有限公司 一种配置有滚动炉排的生物质燃烧机

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB251849A (en) * 1925-10-01 1926-05-13 Tikhon Makariew Mechanical grate
US5027719A (en) * 1990-02-28 1991-07-02 Wellons, Inc. Rotary grate for a solid fuel furnace
US5452670A (en) * 1993-10-15 1995-09-26 Towne; Gary A. Waste recycling system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0103885L (sv) 2003-05-23
SE0103885D0 (sv) 2001-11-22
AU2002341528A1 (en) 2003-06-10
PL371294A1 (en) 2005-06-13
DE60220943D1 (de) 2007-08-09
ATE365894T1 (de) 2007-07-15
SE520631C2 (sv) 2003-08-05
EP1454094A1 (fr) 2004-09-08
WO2003044429A1 (fr) 2003-05-30
DE60220943T2 (de) 2008-02-28

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