EP1458954B1 - Convertisseur energetique coaxial - Google Patents

Convertisseur energetique coaxial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1458954B1
EP1458954B1 EP02778114A EP02778114A EP1458954B1 EP 1458954 B1 EP1458954 B1 EP 1458954B1 EP 02778114 A EP02778114 A EP 02778114A EP 02778114 A EP02778114 A EP 02778114A EP 1458954 B1 EP1458954 B1 EP 1458954B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
energy converter
groove
stator
grooves
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02778114A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1458954A1 (fr
Inventor
Odd J. Edvardsen
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F01C1/107—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2250/00—Geometry
    • F04C2250/20—Geometry of the rotor
    • F04C2250/201—Geometry of the rotor conical shape

Definitions

  • the present invention regards an energy converter, particularly for use as a hydrodynamic pump, compressor, motor or turbine, comprising a first part with a bore, where at least one helical groove is formed in the wall of the bore, and a second part with an external surface in which there is formed at least one helical groove, the first and second parts being designed to rotate relative to each other, and where at least one of the first and second parts is designed to be coupled to a shaft for transmission of torque.
  • a number of pumps for pumping fluid, and also motors, are known, which pumps and motors are based wholly or in part on utilisation of the energy in fluids. Often, one and the same unit will be able, with certain adaptations, to act as both pump, compressor, motor and turbine. This is also the case for the energy converter according to the present invention.
  • GB 2234557 describes a hydroelectric generator in which two rotatable cylinders are arranged one inside the other.
  • the cylinders each have helical flow paths directed in opposite directions.
  • the rotation is transmitted via a system of cogwheels to en electric generator.
  • the cross section of the cylinders is constant along their entire length.
  • GB 1573334 describes a cylindrical water wheel with wings that are twisted helically around the shaft. It is located inside a chamber with smooth walls. The cross sections of the water wheel and the chamber are constant along the entire active length.
  • US 4378195 describes a cylindrical rotor with a rough surface placed inside a chamber with smooth walls.
  • the chamber and the rotor also have the same cross section along the entire length.
  • US 4412417 describes a wave power station where a rotor is equipped with at least two helical wings slightly offset relative to each other.
  • the rotor is not located in a housing, and has a constant cross section along its entire length.
  • US 5313103 describes a type of windmill with a rotor having a helical vane. This is not located in a housing either.
  • the rotor has a constant cross section along its entire length.
  • GB 1157273 describes a screw-type motor in which two oppositely twisted helical wings have been placed after each other on the same shaft inside a chamber with smooth walls.
  • the cross section of both the rotor and the chamber is the same along the entire length.
  • WO 94/13957 describes an impeller.
  • the rotor is constructed from helical wings attached to a central conical body.
  • the walls of the rotor chamber are smooth.
  • GB 987114 describes a mixer especially designed for mixing plastic materials, which shows the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the mixer comprises a rotor and a stator, both of which are provided with helical grooves.
  • the helical grooves on the rotor and the stator may be laid/twisted in opposite directions.
  • the grooves have an approximately rectangular cross section.
  • the present invention aims to provide an energy converter, particularly for use as a hydraulic pump, compressor, motor or turbine, for co-operation with one or more fluids, which is flexible in use, has low internal friction, is simple to manufacture, with low tolerance requirements, and which is highly applicable in several areas of use. This is achieved by the characteristics stated in the characterising part of the appended Claim 1.
  • the bore in the first part and the external surface of the second part are conical and exhibit complementary taper.
  • conical and cone denote all shapes where the diameter of one end is smaller than that of the other. This does not necessarily imply that the increase in diameter is constant.
  • a machine according to the invention having "bottle shaped" parts may also be utilised.
  • FIG 1a shows an example of an embodiment of an energy converter according to the present invention.
  • the energy converter consists of a stator 1 and a rotor 2.
  • a shaft 3 is attached to the rotor.
  • FIG 3 schematically illustrates the stator 1.
  • the rotor and the stator to be shown as partially transparent. It defines an internal, conical bore 4 with its smallest diameter D1 to the left in Figure 3 and the largest diameter D2 to the right in the figure. It is expedient for a small section 5 by the smaller diameter D1 to be constructed with a uniform diameter, while the rest of the stator has an internal surface 6 that forms an angle ⁇ with the external cylindrical surface 7 of the stator.
  • the angle ⁇ lies between 1° and 3°.
  • Helical grooves 8 are formed in the internal surface 6. Preferably, several helical grooves are formed and offset slightly relative to each other. In the embodiment shown, 12 helical grooves are laid/twisted at an angle of 45° or less to the longitudinal axis of the stator. The number of grooves may be higher or lower than this.
  • the section 5 having a uniform diameter constitutes between 5% and 20% of the length of the stator. It is also expedient for the diameters D1 and D2 to measure approximately 1/3 to 1/5 of the overall length of the stator.
  • the grooves 8 are very shallow at the largest diameter D2 of the stator 1 (to the right in Figure 3 ), having a depth of approximately zero at this end of the stator 1. The depth of the grooves then increases gradually towards the opposite end of the stator at diameter D 1 (to the left in Figure 3 ). Here, the grooves 8 reach a depth approximately equal to the diameter D2, leaving the bottom of the grooves 8 lying along the surface of an imaginary cylinder corresponding to the diameter D2. This simplifies the production of the stator 1 considerably, as will be explained below. However, this is not critical to the operation, and for stators cast into a ready-made shape, the bottom of the grooves may also lie along an imaginary cone. The pitch of the grooves 8 may be uniform along the entire length of the stator, or it may vary.
  • Figure 4 shows the rotor 2.
  • the rotor 2 has a conical outer surface 10 that forms an angle ⁇ with an imaginary cylinder circumscribing the rotor 2.
  • the angle ⁇ is the same as for the stator 1.
  • the largest diameter D3 of the rotor 2 is at the end where the shaft 3 is attached. Here is also a section 15 of uniform diameter.
  • the diameter D3 may be approximately equal to the largest diameter of the stator, D2.
  • the smallest diameter D4 of the rotor is equal to or smaller than the smallest diameter D1 of the stator 1.
  • Grooves 18 corresponding to the grooves 8 in the stator are formed in the surface 10 of the rotor.
  • the number of grooves and their pitch angle may be the same as for the grooves 8 in the stator 1, but they may also deviate from this.
  • the grooves 18 are laid/twisted in the opposite direction of the grooves 8 in the stator 1. In order to achieve the best possible efficiency, the grooves in the stator 1 and the rotor 2 must intersect at 90 °.
  • the section 15 of uniform diameter prefferably constitute between 5% and 20% of the length of the rotor.
  • the diameters D3 and D4 measure approximately 1/3 to 1/5 of the overall length of the rotor.
  • the grooves 18 are very shallow at the smallest diameter D4 of the rotor 2 (to the left in Figure 4 ) and have a depth of approximately zero at this end of the rotor 2.
  • the depth of the grooves increases gradually towards the opposite end of the rotor at diameter D3 (to the right in Figure 4 ).
  • the grooves 18 reach a depth approximately equal to the diameter D4, so as to leave the bottom of the grooves 18 lying along the surface of an imaginary cylinder equivalent to diameter D4.
  • this is not of critical importance to the operation, and for rotors that are cast into a ready-made shape, the bottom of the grooves may also lie along an imaginary cone.
  • the pitch of the grooves 18 may be the same along the entire length of the rotor, or it may vary.
  • stator 1 and the rotor 2 have approximately the same length.
  • Figure 1b shows the energy converter of Figure 1a seen in the direction of arrow A in Figure 1a .
  • the entrance to the 12 grooves 8 in the stator can be seen at the point of their greatest depth.
  • the rotor 2 here appears with a smooth surface, as the grooves in the rotor have a depth of approximately zero at this end of the energy converter.
  • Figure 1c shows the energy converter of Figure 1a seen in the direction of arrow B in Figure 1a .
  • the entrance to the 12 grooves 18 in the rotor 2 can be seen at the point of their greatest depth.
  • the stator 1 here appears with a smooth surface, as the grooves in the stator have a depth of approximately zero at this end of the energy converter.
  • Figure 1d shows an alternative embodiment of the stator.
  • the drawing shows a section through the energy converter at the end where the grooves 8' in the stator 1' have their greatest depth.
  • the rotor 2' here appears with a smooth surface, as the grooves in the rotor have a depth of approximately zero at this end of the energy converter.
  • the width of the grooves 8' increases in the direction of depth, so as to allow optimal utilisation of the cross sectional area of the stator 1' as a flow area.
  • a relatively thin wall 1a remains outside the grooves 8', in addition to a thin wall 1b between the individual grooves 8' in the stator 1'.
  • the purpose of this wall is to keep fluids in and provide the stator with sufficient strength and rigidity, but apart from this, it should be as thin as possible.
  • Figure 1e shows an alternative embodiment of the rotor 2'.
  • the drawing shows a section through the energy converter at the end where the grooves 18' in the rotor 2' have their greatest depth.
  • the stator 1' here appears with a smooth surface, as the grooves in the stator have a depth of approximately zero at this end of the energy converter.
  • the width of the grooves 18' decreases in the direction of depth, so as to allow optimal utilisation of the cross sectional area of the rotor 2' as a flow area.
  • the cross section of the grooves assumes an approximate wedge-shape. This leaves only a small core area 2a in the rotor and a thin wall 2b between the individual grooves 18'.
  • the function of this core area is primarily to provide the stator with sufficient rigidity and strength, and it should be as small as possible.
  • Figure 1f shows an assembly of the rotor 2' in Figure 1e and the stator 1' in Figure 1d , which gives a better impression of the area of the grooves 8' and 18' in the stator 1' and the rotor 2' respectively, in relation to each other.
  • the areas of the grooves 8' and the grooves 18' at the largest flow area for the two parts is the same, but may also be made dissimilar by increasing or decreasing the diameter of the two parts (external diameter for the rotor and internal diameter for the stator).
  • the location of the largest flow area for the rotor and the same for the stator will not coincide, but will preferably be at opposite ends of the energy converter. Consequently, Figure 1f is a section through the stator at one end and the rotor at the other end of the energy converter.
  • the energy converter will be used as a hydraulic motor. Fluid flows in at the end of the stator 1 having the smallest diameterD1 (see arrow A in Fig. 1 ) but the greatest groove depth. As the grooves in the rotor 2 at this end of the energy converter have a depth of zero, the fluid will flow along the grooves 8 in the stator 1. However, the grooves 8 in the stator 1 become shallower as the fluid flows along groove 8. Coincident with this, the grooves 18 in the rotor 2 become deeper.
  • Figure 2 shows a picture of the situation at a given moment in time for two grooves, one groove 8 in the stator 1 and one groove 18 in the rotor 2.
  • groove 8 and groove 18 can be seen to intersect at approximately right angles at point X at this given point in time. Therefore, some of the fluid will here flow across from groove 8, the cross section of which is steadily decreasing, to groove 18, the cross section of which is steadily increasing.
  • the fluid has to go through a 90° change in direction (here from flowing down to the right to flowing up to the right). This change in direction causes a force to be applied to the rotor 2, which is then forced to rotate.
  • the energy converter When used as a pump, the energy converter will work in the opposite way, with rotation of the rotor 2 creating a negative pressure in the grooves 8 in the stator 1 which sucks fluid into the grooves 8, while creating an overpressure in the grooves 18 which forces the fluid out at the opposite end of the pump.
  • the principles that apply when using the energy converter as a compressor will basically be the same as when using it as a pump. It is also possible to use the energy converter as a fuel turbine, with combustion of a fuel being initiated at the entrance to the turbine, and fuel and any expansion gas expanding through the turbine. However, this will require the energy converter to be constructed with a relatively small inlet area and a relatively large outlet area, due to the volumetric expansion.
  • the net orifice area (flow area) through the converter will typically be in the range 30 - 40% of the axial cross sectional area of the stator.
  • the embodiment in Figures 1d and 1f it is substantially larger.
  • angle ⁇ of taper may be approximately the same for the bore of the stator and the external surface of the rotor, in order to avoid leakage and back flow which may reduce the efficiency and lead to overheating.
  • the rotor or the stator may have a slightly convex or concave shape (e.g. a barrel shape) but still have a largest diameter at one end and a smallest diameter at the other end.
  • One part (the rotor or the stator) may be made from a softer material than the other, allowing the running surface of this to adapt to the harder part after a period of operation. This may enhance the sealing effect between the parts.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a practical example of a use of the energy converter. Here it is pumping oil, and this oil is also used to drive the device.
  • a hydraulic motor 20 and a hydraulic pump 21 are placed in a common housing 22.
  • the motor 20 has a stator 20a that is fixed relative to the housing 22 through being attached to a partition 24, and a rotor 20b.
  • the pump 21 has a stator 21a that is fixed relative to the housing 22 through being attached to a partition 25, and a rotor 21b.
  • the rotors 20b and 21b are coupled to a common shaft 23.
  • the displacement volume of the pump 21 is greater than that of the motor 20.
  • the pump 21 and the motor 20 are arranged in a manner such that the outlet end of the motor 20 faces the inlet end of the pump 21.
  • An inlet 26 for propellant fluid is disposed at the inlet end of the motor 20 to the left of the partition 24.
  • An inlet 27 for pumping medium is disposed between the partitions 24 and 25, and an outlet 28 for both the propellant fluid and the pumping medium is disposed at the outlet end of the pump 21 to the right of the partition 25.
  • a propellant medium such as e.g. oil is supplied through inlet 26 under pressure and forced through the motor 20. This rotates the rotor 20b of the motor 20, in turn driving the rotor 21b of the pump 21 via the shaft 23. As the displacement volume of the pump 21 is greater than that of the motor 20, a negative pressure will be created in the chamber between the partitions 24 and 25. This causes pumping medium to be sucked in through the inlet 27, to be mixed with the propellant medium flowing out through the outlet of the motor 20, and to be pulled through the pump 21. The unified fluid flow is then forced out through outlet 28.
  • the object of this solution is to convert the energy in high pressure fluid into mechanical rotational energy for driving a larger piece of low pressure equipment, which converts mechanical energy into fluid energy with a lower pressure but a significantly larger volume.
  • the energy converter according to the invention is particularly well suited to drawing off energy at high pressure. As such it will be highly appropriate to use the energy converter as a turbine when exploiting small hydroelectric resources, i.e. hydroelectric resources with a relatively low water regime but a steep hydraulic gradient (pressure head).
  • the energy converter in accordance with the invention is also suited for wave power stations. In this case, the pressure is relatively low, while the water regime is high. However, this will involve a change in the length/diameter ratio of the energy converter, through the diameter being increased in order to increase the flow area.
  • the energy converter may also be used as an expansion engine, e.g. as an internal combustion engine.
  • the flow area then increases in the direction of the flow of the combustion medium. This may be done e.g. by increasing the width of the grooves in the direction of flow.
  • the energy converter is particularly favourable in terms of manufacture, as it makes few demands w.r.t. tolerances.
  • Both the rotor and the stator can be cast to the finished shape without requiring any significant finishing treatment. Generally, it is only necessary to remove burrs and polish those surfaces that come into contact with each other.
  • the bore of the stator may be milled out, and the grooves may be turned.
  • the grooves of the rotor may also be turned through simple operations.
  • the rotor and the stator are constructed so as not to allow them to be brought together fully. Although this is greatly exaggerated in the figure, the purpose of this is to allow the rotor to be pushed further into the stator as the contact surfaces of the rotor and the stator are worn down. In this way, the service life of the parts can be lengthened without maintenance.
  • This insertion of the rotor may be carried out manually by readjusting a set screw at regular intervals; but it may also be automatic, for instance by the rotor being biased against the stator and being fed into this as the parts wear down.
  • the energy converter according to the invention is highly insensitive to particles and contamination in the medium flowing through it. Even with a highly abrasive medium such as drilling mud, the length of the service life of the energy converter will still be adequate.
  • the rotor and the stator may be made from different materials, depending on the area of use. Relevant materials may be steel, aluminium and various types of thermoset plastic or thermoplastic.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the grooves 8 and 18 is quadrangular. However, it may also be rounded or triangular, or have another shape that is appropriate in terms of the manufacturing process or provides optimum efficiency for the application in question.
  • stator 1 does not necessarily have to be stationary, but may rotate in the opposite direction of the rotor, which in fact gives the energy converter two rotors.
  • the inner part may be stationary and act as a stator while the outer part rotates and functions as a rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Convertisseur d'énergie, en particulier destiné à être utilisé en tant que pompe hydrodynamique, compresseur, moteur ou turbine, comprenant une première partie (1) ayant un alésage (4), au moins une rainure hélicoïdale (8) étant formée dans la paroi de l'alésage (4), et une seconde partie (2) ayant une surface externe (10) dans laquelle est formée au moins une rainure hélicoïdale (18), les première (1) et seconde (2) parties étant conçues de façon à pivoter l'une par rapport à l'autre, et au moins une des première (1) et seconde (2) parties étant conçue pour être couplée à un arbre (3) afin de transmettre un couple; l'alésage (4) de la première partie et la surface externe (10) de la seconde partie (2) étant coniques, de conicité complémentaire ; la (les) rainure(s) (18) prévue(s) dans la première partie (1) étant torsadée(s) dans la direction opposée à la (aux) rainure(s) prévue(s) dans la seconde partie (2) ; l'au moins une rainure (8, 18) étant torsadée avec un pas de torsion constant sur la longueur de la première (1) et/ou de la seconde (2) partie(s), la profondeur de l'au moins une rainure (8) prévue dans la première partie (1) augmentant entre la partie de l'alésage (4) ayant le plus grand diamètre (D2) et la partie de l'alésage (4) ayant le plus petit diamètre (D1); la profondeur de l'au moins une rainure (18) prévue dans la seconde partie (2) augmentant entre la partie de la seconde partie (2) ayant le plus petit diamètre (D4) et la partie de la seconde partie (2) ayant le plus grand diamètre (D3) ; la section d'écoulement totale des rainures (8, 18) étant sensiblement constante sur la longueur de la première (1) et/ou de la seconde (2) parties, une paroi (1b) étant agencée entre des rainures voisines (8') prévues dans la section transversale de la première partie (1'), laquelle paroi présente une épaisseur approximativement uniforme significativement plus petite que la largeur de la (des) rainure(s) (8'), une paroi (2b) étant située entre des rainures voisines (18') prévues dans la section transversale de la seconde partie (2'), laquelle paroi présente une épaisseur approximativement uniforme significativement plus petite que la largeur de la (des) rainure(s) (18'), caractérisé en ce que les rainures sont torsadées selon un angle de 45° ou plus petit que 45° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la première partie et de la seconde partie, respectivement.
  2. Convertisseur d'énergie selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une entrée (26) pour un fluide propulseur est prévue à l'extrémité de la seconde partie ayant le plus petit diamètre (D4) si le convertisseur est utilisé en tant que moteur ou turbine, et une entrée (27) destinée à pomper du fluide est prévue à l'extrémité de la seconde partie ayant le plus grand diamètre (D3) si le convertisseur est utilisé en tant que pompe.
  3. Convertisseur d'énergie selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la (des) rainure(s) (8') prévue(s) dans la première partie (1') augmente dans la direction de la profondeur.
  4. Convertisseur d'énergie selon la revendication 1, la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la (les) rainure(s) (18') prévue(s) dans la seconde partie (2') a (ont) une section transversale de la forme approximative d'un coin.
  5. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie basse de l'au moins une rainure (8, 18) repose sur la surface d'un cylindre imaginaire.
  6. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie basse de l'au moins une rainure (8, 18) repose sur la surface d'un cône imaginaire.
  7. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs rainures hélicoïdales parallèles (8, 18) sont formées dans la première (1) et/ou la seconde (2) parties.
  8. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie (2) est un rotor soutenu à l'une des extrémités uniquement.
  9. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie (2) est un rotor sans support flottant librement dans la première partie.
  10. Convertisseur d'énergie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de l'au moins une rainure hélicoïdale (8, 18) prévue(s) dans la première (1) et/ou la seconde (2) parties augmente dans la direction d'écoulement d'un fluide propulseur.
EP02778114A 2001-11-08 2002-11-08 Convertisseur energetique coaxial Expired - Lifetime EP1458954B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20015468A NO320961B1 (no) 2001-11-08 2001-11-08 Energiomvandler
NO20015468 2001-11-08
PCT/NO2002/000410 WO2003056137A1 (fr) 2001-11-08 2002-11-08 Convertisseur energetique coaxial

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1458954A1 EP1458954A1 (fr) 2004-09-22
EP1458954B1 true EP1458954B1 (fr) 2008-05-07

Family

ID=19913001

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02778114A Expired - Lifetime EP1458954B1 (fr) 2001-11-08 2002-11-08 Convertisseur energetique coaxial

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1458954B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE394582T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002339765A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60226490D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO320961B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003056137A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2482861B (en) 2010-07-30 2014-12-17 Hivis Pumps As Pump/motor assembly

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6509290A (fr) * 1965-07-17 1967-01-18
NL7704977A (nl) * 1976-05-06 1977-11-08 Walter Lee Chappell En John Da Generator.
US4378195A (en) * 1976-12-10 1983-03-29 Joseph Gamell Industries, Inc. Pressure fluid motor
GB2234557A (en) * 1989-07-10 1991-02-06 William Charles Pearson Keen Hydro electric generator
US5332355A (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-07-26 Pamela Kittles Impelling apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20015468L (no) 2003-05-09
EP1458954A1 (fr) 2004-09-22
WO2003056137A1 (fr) 2003-07-10
ATE394582T1 (de) 2008-05-15
NO320961B1 (no) 2006-02-20
AU2002339765A1 (en) 2003-07-15
NO20015468D0 (no) 2001-11-08
WO2003056137A8 (fr) 2003-09-18
DE60226490D1 (de) 2008-06-19

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