EP1464915B2 - Dispositif de protection contre les mines - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les mines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1464915B2
EP1464915B2 EP03007323.3A EP03007323A EP1464915B2 EP 1464915 B2 EP1464915 B2 EP 1464915B2 EP 03007323 A EP03007323 A EP 03007323A EP 1464915 B2 EP1464915 B2 EP 1464915B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mine protection
protection arrangement
arrangement according
layer
functional layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03007323.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1464915B1 (fr
EP1464915B8 (fr
EP1464915A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Kellner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KNDS Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to ES03007323.3T priority Critical patent/ES2391267T5/es
Priority to EP03007323.3A priority patent/EP1464915B2/fr
Priority to DK03007323.3T priority patent/DK1464915T4/da
Application filed by Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PCT/EP2004/003395 priority patent/WO2004088238A1/fr
Publication of EP1464915A1 publication Critical patent/EP1464915A1/fr
Priority to NO20055069A priority patent/NO333308B1/no
Publication of EP1464915B1 publication Critical patent/EP1464915B1/fr
Publication of EP1464915B8 publication Critical patent/EP1464915B8/fr
Publication of EP1464915B2 publication Critical patent/EP1464915B2/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H7/00—Armoured or armed vehicles
    • F41H7/02—Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks
    • F41H7/04—Armour construction
    • F41H7/042—Floors or base plates for increased land mine protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to claim 1.
  • an armored vehicle such as a rifle or battle tank
  • a pressure mine eg with an explosive charge in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg TNT equivalent
  • a dynamic deflection or swinging of the vehicle floor takes place due to the blast effect in a period of about one millisecond.
  • the amplitude is dependent on the explosive charge mass, the distance of the charge from the soil structure and the thickness of the vehicle floor or its mass.
  • this dynamic deflection is usually on the order of 200 mm to 300 mm.
  • the speed of the vehicle floor can reach peaks of more than 300 m / s.
  • the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor entails a corresponding dynamic deformation of the side walls, so that attached devices are torn from the brackets and uncontrollably fly through the interior.
  • Technically optimal would therefore be a protective measure against such mine loads, which prevents the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor and thus the load on the side walls or at least sufficiently limited.
  • a composite armor for armored vehicles and especially for the vehicle floor which consists essentially of seven layers and five basic materials: an outer armor steel plate, a honeycomb structure, a thin steel foil, a ballistic protective layer of Kevlar, a second thin steel foil, Balsa wood and an inner armor steel plate.
  • the honeycomb structure can be filled with materials that additionally enhance the absorption capacity against the blast effect.
  • the balsa wood is compressed in the dynamic deflection of the composite structure due to the Blast Sign and thus creates a deformation space for the upstream ballistic Kevlar protective layer.
  • a multilayered structure is also in the DE-OS 22 01 637 (Basis for claim 1), in which there is a composite of steel fiber fleece and polyurethane foam between two steel layers.
  • the steel fibers can also be embedded in various other plastics or copolymers.
  • FL mine flat-charge mine
  • P-charge mine projectile-forming charges
  • This insert consists for example of soft iron or other metallic materials that allow a pyrotechnic transformation to a projectile.
  • FL mines or P-charge mines the ballistic loading of the vehicle floor is more pronounced locally than with pure blast mines. The load is determined primarily by the dimensions, the contour and the impact velocity of the projectile formed. Due to the very high projectile speed in the order of 1,800 m / s to more than 2,000 m / s fail conventional threats in such threats, which were designed only against the blast threat.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,905,225 a mine protection arrangement with a layer structure, which should be effective in particular against projectile-forming mines.
  • this document shows a typical Composite armor with two steel sheets, between which an absorption layer is arranged.
  • This intermediate layer is formed of a brittle material, such as glass or ceramic, which is known to have high efficiency in energy absorption of projectiles by dissipation.
  • this layer structure is arranged at a great distance from the vehicle floor to be protected.
  • a polyvalent mine protection must basically combine two properties: the energy caused by blast waves or impulse transmission into the vehicle structure as far as possible, i. Compensate structurally and intercept the breakdown capability of a projectile formed from the P-charge insert.
  • mine protection it can be assumed that both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum remain valid.
  • an efficient mine protection must thus have a dynamic structural behavior that is superior to the homogeneous plate and at the same time reduce the end-ballistic impact performance in comparison with armor steel.
  • relatively high mass factors (quotient of the penetrated equivalent armor steel mass to the penetrated mass of the considered target) of the order of magnitude of 2 have been achieved in recent years in the defense of KE penetrators, but only limited to the end ballistic performance of projectile-forming mines can be transmitted.
  • the target-side drag should be maintained as long as possible in order to optimize the energy-absorbing effect and to extend the momentum transfer time. And all this under the condition of the least possible dynamic as well as plastic bulge on the inside of the vehicle to be protected.
  • the latter requirement therefore also requires, in addition to the physical / technical processes described above, a high protective effect on the back side or structural strength.
  • the present invention implements these considerations in a particularly technically effective manner by assigning the individual protection criteria described above basically three levels of action or functional layers which are optimally adapted to the respective technical specifications.
  • the active components of the mine in principle the largest possible mass either preclude a corresponding density or a sufficient thickness of the initially applied material layer.
  • the dynamic connection of the following masses or layers is to be considered, which usually takes place with the corresponding wave propagation speed of the materials involved.
  • a key role in the transmission of stress by means of shock waves is played here by the so-called acoustic impedance, the product ⁇ ⁇ c, with ⁇ as the density of the materials involved and c as the sound propagation velocity.
  • the quotient ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ c 1 / ⁇ 2 ⁇ c 2 ) provides information about the proportion of energy passed on or reflected between two layers 1 and 2.
  • the speed can be approximately halved, for example from 2,000 m / s to 1,000 m / s.
  • the thickness ratio of the first functional layer / impacting mortar should be greater than 1, ie preferably between 1 and 3 due to vehicle-specific specifications.
  • Plastic work can be achieved either by a homogeneous component, e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior, be made or by constructive measures. These processes are assigned to the central second functional layer. In it, the projectile that has been redesigned by the upstream first functional layer is intercepted, thereby dissipating the introduced energy or distributing the pulse over time. In this way, the subsequent support level (third functional layer) - possibly in conjunction with the vehicle floor - record the remaining deformation energy.
  • a homogeneous component e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior
  • the polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the invention can be connected to the vehicle stationarily, as a so-called integrated solution. Alternatively, it can also be designed as an adaptable mine protection, which is attached to a vehicle only when needed. This offers the advantage that the vehicle and mine protection arrangement can be treated logistically separately and the vehicles are equipped with the mine protection arrangement only when used in an area endangered by mines.
  • Such a modular, adaptive design also allows a short-term adaptation to changing requirements or new technical developments.
  • the mine protection according to the invention may also consist of a mixed arrangement, i. an externally adapted and at the same time integrated into the inner vehicle structure arrangement exist to meet the circumstances of a given vehicle design or possibly necessary retrofitting measures on existing vehicles to a particular extent.
  • FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified construction of mine protection with the corresponding threats. Shown is a vehicle floor 1 as an example of the threat of the mines facing wall of an object to be protected, with an upstream mine protection arrangement 2. This is acted upon by the blast shaft 5 and / or the P-charge projectile 6, which from below a surface (floor) 3 P-charge or blast threat 4 caused.
  • the arrows 7 and 8 symbolize the spread of the threat 5 and 6, respectively.
  • the mine protection arrangement according to the invention against both threat types blast and P-charge mine is shown in its basic structure.
  • the first functional layer 9 on the load side, ie the outer and thus the mine facing wall of the mine protection arrangement 2 consists for example of a steel sheet.
  • This first functional layer 9 is to be selected at least as required by the system specifications for the vehicle floor, for example against stone chipping or abrasion. Sufficient for this would be wall thicknesses of 4 mm to 6 mm armor steel with a hardness of 400 to 500 HB.
  • the first functional layer fulfills a speed reduction function which is important for the protective effect of the entire mine protection arrangement (see the above comments). Of course, other high-strength materials come into question for this purpose.
  • the first functional layer 9 should consist of a steel armor plate or a high-strength metal alloy with a thickness of at least the steel-equivalent thickness of the insert of the projectile-forming lead 4, preferably from 4 mm to 12 mm.
  • FIG. 3 the mode of action of a central second functional layer 10 and of the first and third functional layers 9 and 11 enclosing it (in conjunction with the vehicle floor 1) is illustrated in the event of a threat by means of a P-charge projectile.
  • the plate portion 15 of serving as erosion or abrasion layer first functional layer 9 on the part of the projectile 6 by the means of the symbolized movement arrow 8 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and at the same time radially expanded (symbolized by the arrows 8A).
  • a pressure field (arrows 8B) propagates in the second functional layer 10, which passes on the energy to the radial environment and the subsequent third functional layer 11 (less the energy fraction consumed in the second functional layer 10 at the time considered).
  • the arrows 16 symbolize the dynamic / mechanical counterforce of the third functional layer 11, possibly reinforced by the supporting force of the bottom 1.
  • the layers 12, 13 between the functional layers 9, 10 and 11 may also be formed as slip planes 12A, 13A.
  • slip planes or sliding layers are realized either by simply juxtaposing the planes or by means of introduced, a slip-supporting substances.
  • This second functional layer 10 consists of a material which remains plastically free-flowing or mechanically erosion-capable under high dynamic load, ie has optimum end-ballistic protection-performance properties.
  • Such materials may be, for example, metals or metal alloys. But they can also be formed by olefins, oils, fats or wax. Due to the described property of this second functional layer 10 and its relatively low density, thermoplastics, elastomers (for example nylon, PC, PE, PP, Teflon, rubber or polymers) or amorphous substances such as e.g. Glass in question.
  • energy can be dissipated in the target after projectile loading or deceleration by means of decomposition or delamination (cf however, the above remark regarding the dynamic hardness of such substances).
  • the second functional layer 10 In principle, metallic layers of aluminum or magnesium alloys, soft iron, copper up to tantalum are also suitable for the second functional layer 10. Cast materials can also be interesting for the second functional layer 10 due to their special properties with regard to damping and sliding behavior. To complete, it should also be mentioned that the second functional layer 10 also has a multilayer structure and is also suitable for e.g. can be formed from a combination of the materials listed above.
  • a surface connecting layer 12 may be located between the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10. This is able both to connect the functional layers in such a way that, during the dynamic deflection, these functional layers remain connected to one another, as well as to provide for attenuation of the blast effect according to the above statements and to suppress the punching effect of the projectile.
  • a rubber layer 12 has proven to be advantageous with regard to the adhesion during the application of mines, wherein the connection of the individual functional layers (here 9 and 10) takes place by vulcanization of a special CR rubber.
  • connection layer 12 By means of this surface bonding layer 12, large lateral tensile forces, which arise as a result of the deflection of the individual functional layers, can be absorbed at high dynamic load and thus dynamically switched on laterally to the target mass.
  • polymeric materials as the tie layer 12 due to their diverse formulation properties, allow a high degree of adaptability to the particular structure.
  • other plastics such as thermoplastics are also suitable for this bonding layer 12. It is also conceivable to manufacture the connection layer 12 from thin metallic or non-metallic layers / foils which have a particularly favorable impedance behavior.
  • the second functional layer 10 thus primarily fulfills the task of preventing the puncturing or puncturing of the mine protection by the FL projectile and to increase the loaded area as far as possible. Due to its flowability, it distributes, in particular under high-dynamic load, i. in the velocity range of the P-cargo projectile including accelerated target mass of 1,000 m / s to 500 m / s, the load on an even larger area. This is associated with a further reduction of the penetration rate.
  • a third functional layer 11 serving as a supporting layer or further energy compensating layer is arranged (see above explanations).
  • the third functional layer is preferably formed from armor steel or high-strength metal alloys and represents the vehicle-side completion of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention.
  • connection layer 13 may be arranged, which performs a similar function as the connection layer 12. This would be necessary, for example, if the mine protection arrangement is to be produced as an adapted sandwich (connecting layer to the subsequent third functional layer 11). Under certain circumstances, it may prove to be expedient to carry out the two and optionally further tension-surface connecting layers 12, 13 with different materials and wall thicknesses, depending on whether the greater role is assigned to the damping or the force transmission in the respective connecting layer. Furthermore, the interconnect layers 12A and 13A may alternatively be formed from materials having good slip properties to aid dissipation in the functional layer.
  • Determining the performance of a polyvalent design of the mine guard assembly is the necessary steel equivalent mass due to the imposed load (e.g., 8 kg of TNT equivalent). In this mass, the vehicle-side predetermined soil structure 1 may be at least partially contained.
  • mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention it was possible for mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention to show clear advantages over the mine protection arrangements which had been used up until now and which were still under development.
  • both threats with comparable dynamic values for deflection and movement of the vehicle floor could be averted by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8 lower overall protection masses compared to a pure steel solution.
  • FIG. 4 shows in addition to FIG. 2 a section through an adapted to the vehicle floor 1 mine protection arrangement 2.
  • the connection surface 14 between the mine protection arrangement and the vehicle floor 1 can be a lateral forces transmitting layer or represent a pure interface between mine protection arrangement and vehicle floor.
  • functional layers 9-11 are arranged in this case in front of the vehicle floor 1.
  • Such an adapted layer structure may be firmly connected to the vehicle floor 1 or fixed on site by simple mechanical center.
  • FIG. 4 described adapted arrangement also by an adapted / integrated arrangement ( FIG. 5 ) are replaced, in which a part of the functional layers behind the load side, ie behind the outer vehicle floor 1 in the interior of the vehicle (integrated) and the remaining part of the functional layers outside the bottom of the vehicle 1 (adapted) are mounted.
  • at least the first functional layer (abrasion layer) 9, the connecting layer (damping) 12 and the second functional layer 10 should be mounted outside the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer 11) should be located downstream of the vehicle floor 1.
  • the third functional layer energy compensation layer 11
  • FIG. 6 represents the vehicle floor 1, both the support and the energy compensation level, so that the third functional layer 11 can be omitted.
  • the first functional layer is divided into an outer abrasion layer 9A and a subsequent inner pre-bulkhead 9B.
  • Such an arrangement can serve to improve the co-acceleration of structural elements by preventing early punching.
  • This Auf Equipmentsform a mine protection arrangement is not the subject of the present invention and is only for a better understanding of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows finally a section through a split mine protection arrangement 2, in which between the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer) 11 is a gap 17 as an example of a general intermediate layer, which receives or allows dynamic buckling of the third functional layer 11.
  • This example is representative of vehicle-related specifications.
  • Such intermediate spaces 17 are to be planned in such a way that the described overall function of the mine protection arrangement according to the present invention is not severely disturbed. If necessary, constructive additional measures must be taken here.
  • the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement of the invention may be designed in one or more parts.

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Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif de protection contre les mines, destiné à protéger un objet menacé par des mines (4), constitué d'une structure stratifiée (2) de plusieurs couches comprenant une première couche fonctionnelle (9) tournée vers la menace et composée d'une tôle d'acier blindée ou d'un alliage métallique très résistant dotés d'une épaisseur atteignant au moins l'épaisseur équivalente à l'acier de l'intérieur de la mine formant un projectile, une deuxième couche fonctionnelle centrale homogène (10) composée d'un matériau restant plastiquement fluide ou mécaniquement apte à s'éroder sous l'effet d'une sollicitation dynamique, et une troisième couche fonctionnelle (11) suivante composée d'une tôle d'acier blindée ou d'un ensemble équivalent à l'acier composé de différents matériaux, la structure stratifiée (2) étant disposée ou pouvant être disposée sur une paroi (1) de l'objet tournée vers la menace, et la troisième couche fonctionnelle (11) présentant conjointement avec la paroi (1) de l'objet une épaisseur équivalente à l'acier d'au moins 25 mm.
  2. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure stratifiée (2) est fixée solidement ou intégrée à l'objet à protéger ou à sa paroi (1).
  3. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure stratifiée (2) est fabriquée au moins en partie comme un élément séparé et reliée solidement ou intégrée par assemblage amovible à l'objet à protéger ou à sa paroi (1).
  4. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la structure stratifiée (2) est ou peut être intégralement disposée sur le côté de la paroi (1) tourné vers la menace.
  5. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie (11) de la structure stratifiée (2) est ou peut être disposée sur le côté de la paroi (1) opposé à la menace et une autre partie (9, 10) sur le côté de la paroi (1) tourné vers la menace.
  6. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la première, la deuxième et la troisième couche fonctionnelle (9, 10, 11) sont reliées par des couches élastomères de liaison ou d'amortissement (12) et (13) transférant des forces de traction.
  7. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des couches de glissement (12A, 13A) sont disposées entre les couches fonctionnelles (9, 10, 11).
  8. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième couche fonctionnelle (10) est composée de matériaux métalliques, de matériaux métalliques coulés, dematières élastomères ou de matériaux thermoplastiques, liquides ou pâteux ou d'une combinaison de plusieurs de ces matériaux.
  9. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la première couche fonctionnelle (9) et la deuxième couche fonctionnelle (10) présentent une ou plusieurs couches.
  10. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la troisième couche fonctionnelle (1) est composée d'acier, de métal léger ou d'un autre matériau présentant une rigidité dynamique élevée.
  11. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche intermédiaire (11) recevant ou admettant un voilement dynamique de la troisième couche fonctionnelle (11) est disposée entre la troisième couche fonctionnelle (11) et la paroi (1) de l'objet à protéger.
  12. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que des espaces intermédiaires se situent entre les couches fonctionnelles.
  13. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que des dispositifs ou des couches/matériaux d'appui sont disposés dans les espaces intermédiaires.
  14. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la surface élaborée à partir de la structure stratifiée (2) présente une ou plusieurs parties.
  15. Dispositif de protection contre les mines selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la surface élaborée à partir de la structure stratifiée (2) est plane, courbée ou chanfreinée, s'étend parallèlement à la paroi (1) ou au contour extérieur de l'objet ou forme un angle avec ceux-ci, et/ou présente une répartition différente/étagée de l'épaisseur.
EP03007323.3A 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Dispositif de protection contre les mines Expired - Lifetime EP1464915B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES03007323.3T ES2391267T5 (es) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Dispositivo de protección contra minas
EP03007323.3A EP1464915B2 (fr) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Dispositif de protection contre les mines
DK03007323.3T DK1464915T4 (da) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Minebeskyttelsesindretning
PCT/EP2004/003395 WO2004088238A1 (fr) 2003-04-01 2004-03-31 Dispositif antimine
NO20055069A NO333308B1 (no) 2003-04-01 2005-10-31 Minebeskyttelsesanordning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03007323.3A EP1464915B2 (fr) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Dispositif de protection contre les mines

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1464915A1 EP1464915A1 (fr) 2004-10-06
EP1464915B1 EP1464915B1 (fr) 2012-07-11
EP1464915B8 EP1464915B8 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP1464915B2 true EP1464915B2 (fr) 2015-06-03

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EP03007323.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1464915B2 (fr) 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Dispositif de protection contre les mines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1464915B2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1464915T4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2391267T5 (fr)
NO (1) NO333308B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004088238A1 (fr)

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WO2025045305A1 (fr) * 2023-08-31 2025-03-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fixation d'une plaque de protection dans la zone de bas de caisse d'un véhicule automobile blindé à alimentation électrique

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FR2934562B1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2011-04-22 Airbus France Panneau de protection et module de train d'atterissage le comportant.
DE102009012251A1 (de) 2009-03-07 2010-09-09 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Schutzeinrichtung zum Schutz eines Objektes gegen projektilbildende Minen
DE102009033563A1 (de) 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Minenschutz
US8413567B2 (en) * 2010-06-23 2013-04-09 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Vehicle armor
US9146080B2 (en) * 2012-05-31 2015-09-29 Foster-Miller, Inc. Blast/impact mitigation shield
FR3103548B1 (fr) * 2019-11-27 2023-04-14 Univ Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Dispositif de protection de structures statiques ou mobiles, terrestres, nautiques ou aériennes contre le souffle d’une explosion ou détonation et les projections de matière associées
DE102021001652A1 (de) 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertr. durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr Fahrzeugpanzerung
DE102023123419A1 (de) * 2023-08-31 2025-03-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kraftwagenkarosserie mit einer gepanzerten Bodenstruktur

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025045305A1 (fr) * 2023-08-31 2025-03-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fixation d'une plaque de protection dans la zone de bas de caisse d'un véhicule automobile blindé à alimentation électrique

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NO20055069D0 (no) 2005-10-31
EP1464915B1 (fr) 2012-07-11
ES2391267T5 (es) 2015-08-10
DK1464915T3 (da) 2012-10-22
EP1464915B8 (fr) 2012-08-29
WO2004088238A1 (fr) 2004-10-14
ES2391267T3 (es) 2012-11-22
EP1464915A1 (fr) 2004-10-06
NO333308B1 (no) 2013-04-29
DK1464915T4 (da) 2015-09-07
NO20055069L (no) 2005-12-29

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