EP1467148A2 - Luftsystem für einen Wirbelbettkessel - Google Patents

Luftsystem für einen Wirbelbettkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1467148A2
EP1467148A2 EP04100940A EP04100940A EP1467148A2 EP 1467148 A2 EP1467148 A2 EP 1467148A2 EP 04100940 A EP04100940 A EP 04100940A EP 04100940 A EP04100940 A EP 04100940A EP 1467148 A2 EP1467148 A2 EP 1467148A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
furnace
fluidized
supplied
air supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04100940A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1467148A3 (de
EP1467148B1 (de
Inventor
Matti Ylitalo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Power Oy
Original Assignee
Kvaerner Power Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner Power Oy filed Critical Kvaerner Power Oy
Publication of EP1467148A2 publication Critical patent/EP1467148A2/de
Publication of EP1467148A3 publication Critical patent/EP1467148A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1467148B1 publication Critical patent/EP1467148B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/28—Disposition of burners to obtain flames in opposing directions, e.g. impacting flames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for supplying upper air from upper air supply levels into a fluidized-bed boiler according to the preamble of the appended claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an air system and a fluidized-bed boiler according to the preambles of the appended claims 4 and 7, respectively.
  • Air is supplied to the lower part of the furnace of a fluidized-bed boiler via a grate into a fluidized bed formed by fluidized bed material on the grate, to fluidize the material of the fluidized bed.
  • a fuel such as peat or bark
  • a fuel channel onto the fluidized bed is supplied from a fuel channel onto the fluidized bed.
  • About 40 to 70 % of the air needed for the combustion of the fuel is supplied as so-called primary air through the grate.
  • upper air is typically supplied from two upper air levels into the furnace of the boiler.
  • air jets of the secondary air level are provided above the fuel channel, and air jets of the tertiary air level are provided above these.
  • the boiler typically comprises various burners which are used as start-up and auxiliary burners.
  • upper air is typically introduced into the upper part of the furnace of the boiler on the secondary and tertiary air levels in such a way that 50 to 70 % of the upper air is supplied from the secondary air level, and the rest, i.e. 30 to 50 %, is supplied from the tertiary air level.
  • Placing said secondary and tertiary air levels as far from each other as possible has an advantageous effect on the NO x contents of the flue gases from the boiler. For this reason, the aim is to place the tertiary air level as far up as possible.
  • the air is typically introduced from both of the side walls of the furnace and, in some cases, from the front wall only.
  • the primary aim of the present invention is to present an air system which produces an even temperature distribution in such a fluidized-bed boiler in which the rear wall cannot be provided with air jets.
  • the method according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 1.
  • the air arrangement according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 4.
  • the fluidized-bed boiler according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 7.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to supply the fluidized-bed boiler with air from one or more upper air levels above the primary air level, from three directions.
  • the primary air flows are provided from primary air nozzles placed in the wall opposite to the nose of the boiler, i.e. the front wall.
  • Auxiliary air flows are provided from the side walls in such a way that the air flows supplied from auxiliary air nozzles in opposite walls are opposed to each other.
  • the primary air flows and the auxiliary air flows are supplied substantially form the same level in such a way that said primary and auxiliary air flows are either on the same level or on slightly different levels.
  • air can be evenly supplied onto the whole air supply level, to intensify the oxidation of the gases in the vicinity of the front wall. Furthermore, the air flow shifts the combustion process also to the area close to the rear wall underneath the nose, which improves the utilization of the volume of the boiler.
  • the air system according to the invention reduces the turbulence of gases flowing inside the boiler when compared with a boiler in which the upper air is supplied from the front wall only, because in the system of the invention, it is possible to use lower strengths of the primary air jets.
  • 40 to 80 % of the total quantity of air is supplied by the primary air jets from the front wall, and 20 to 60 % of the total quantity of air is supplied by the auxiliary air jets from the side walls.
  • Another advantage of a preferred embodiment of the invention is a reduction in the corrosion and soiling of the superheaters, because the temperatures of the flue gases entering the superheater region are reduced.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a fluidized-bed boiler 1 with a furnace 2.
  • a fluidized-bed boiler 1 From an air box 9 in the lower part of the fluidized-bed boiler 1, primary air is supplied through a grate to a fluidized bed 4 formed by fluidized bed material on the grate. In this way, the fluidized bed material is fluidized.
  • Fuel is supplied from a fuel channel 5 onto the fluidized bed 4. Above the fuel channel 5, there is a secondary air level 10, whose single air jets are not shown in the figure. Above the secondary air level 10, there is a tertiary air level 11, whose single air jets are not shown in Fig. 1 either.
  • the fluidized-bed boiler 1 typically comprises various burners which are used as start-up and auxiliary burners. Said burners are not illustrated in the figure.
  • a nose 6 which is a structure protruding from the rear wall 13 towards the front wall 12 of the furnace.
  • the nose 6 guides the flow of flue gases into superheaters 7 and further into the flue gas duct 8. Furthermore, the nose 6 is preferably used as a shield for the superheaters, separating the superheaters from a direct contact with the flame.
  • the flue gas duct 8 is arranged to extend close to the rear wall 13 of the fluidized-bed boiler 1 and as far down as possible, the rear wall 13 of the boiler cannot be equipped with the structures of the upper air level 10, 11 at a height which would be advantageous for the combustion process.
  • the air systems of the upper air levels 10, 11 are preferably placed as shown in the invention, wherein the air jets 16, 17 and air channels are placed in three walls 12, 14, 15 of the furnace, and the rear wall 13 remains intact, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows the air system according to the invention, seen from above.
  • This air system is suitable for use as secondary and tertiary air levels 10, 11 of the fluidized-bed boiler 1 of Fig. 1, but a similar air supply arrangement can also be used on other levels, such as, for example, a quaternary air level, by mai ntaining the basic idea of this invention.
  • Figure 2 shows that the primary air flows 18 to be supplied from the primary air nozzles 16 placed in the front wall 12 are so strong that their flow preferably extends up to the rear wall 13.
  • the primary air flows 18 carry a part of the combustible particles of the flue gases, or of the combustion gases, to the rear part of the furnace 2, which results in an efficient utilization of the volume of the furnace.
  • the rate of the primary air flow 18 is advantageously 40 to 90 m/s and preferably 50 to 60 m/s in a fluidized-bed boiler 1 with a bottom whose one side has a length of about 10 metres and comprises 3 to 5 primary jets.
  • auxiliary air flows 19, i.e. side air flows, are directed, which are significantly smaller than the primary air flows 18 in their strength.
  • the auxiliary air flows 19 are directed from the opposite side walls 14, 15 in such a way that the auxi liary air flows are opposite to each other.
  • the auxiliary air flow 19 supplied from the side wall 14, 15 is equal in strength with the auxiliary air flow supplied in the opposite direction from the opposite wall.
  • the auxiliary air jets 17 on the opposite side walls 14, 15 are mirror images to each other.
  • the auxiliary air flows 19 are supplied in such a way that their strength varies from the front wall 12 to the rear wall 13 of the fluidized-bed boiler 1.
  • Figure 4 shows the temperature distribution in the fluidized-bed boiler 1 of Fig. 1 when the tertiary air supply level 11 of the boiler is implemented according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the temperature distribution for a boiler with a conventional arrangement, in which, on the tertiary air supply level, air is only supplied from air jets in the side walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP04100940A 2003-04-10 2004-03-09 Luftsystem für einen Wirbelbettkessel Expired - Lifetime EP1467148B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20030542A FI114114B (fi) 2003-04-10 2003-04-10 Kerrosleijukattilan ilmajärjestelmä
FI20030542 2003-04-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1467148A2 true EP1467148A2 (de) 2004-10-13
EP1467148A3 EP1467148A3 (de) 2005-01-05
EP1467148B1 EP1467148B1 (de) 2007-07-18

Family

ID=8565948

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04100940A Expired - Lifetime EP1467148B1 (de) 2003-04-10 2004-03-09 Luftsystem für einen Wirbelbettkessel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1467148B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE367557T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004007569T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2288240T3 (de)
FI (1) FI114114B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102679331A (zh) * 2012-03-28 2012-09-19 太原理工大学 一种循环流化床锅炉一次风机的控制方法
CN106122953A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-11-16 江苏汇能锅炉有限公司 一种循环流化床锅炉的一次风布风装置
CN106555771A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 上海上电漕泾发电有限公司 用于静叶可调引风机的静叶与变频联合控制方法
US10982843B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2021-04-20 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Over fire arrangement and method
CN112902149A (zh) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 锅炉两侧墙上设有预燃室燃烧器的燃烧系统及燃烧方法
CN113007698A (zh) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学 一种用于对冲燃烧锅炉下层的燃烧系统及使用方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI87246C (fi) * 1989-04-10 1992-12-10 Ahlstroem Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer inmatning av foerbraenningsluft i en eldstad
FI89519C (fi) * 1992-02-19 1997-08-19 Ahlstrom Machinery Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer oekande av saekerheten i en aotervinningspanna foer avlut
FI98936B (fi) * 1992-10-19 1997-05-30 Ahlstrom Machinery Oy Menetelmä ja laite lämmön talteenottamiseksi jäteliemen talteenottokattilassa
SE503453C2 (sv) * 1994-06-20 1996-06-17 Kvaerner Pulping Tech Sodapanna med ett sekundärlufttillflöde som åstadkommer en rotation av förbränningsgaserna och en förträngning av pannan ovanför lutinsprutningen samt ett förfarande vid en sådan panna
FI96436C (fi) * 1994-08-10 1996-06-25 Ahlstroem Oy Menetelmä ja laite jätelipeän käsittelemiseksi
FI102411B (fi) * 1997-02-07 1998-11-30 Kvaerner Power Oy Menetelmä ja sovitelma ilman syöttämiseksi leijukattilaan

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102679331A (zh) * 2012-03-28 2012-09-19 太原理工大学 一种循环流化床锅炉一次风机的控制方法
CN106555771A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 上海上电漕泾发电有限公司 用于静叶可调引风机的静叶与变频联合控制方法
CN106555771B (zh) * 2015-09-25 2019-04-05 上海上电漕泾发电有限公司 用于静叶可调引风机的静叶与变频联合控制方法
US10982843B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2021-04-20 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Over fire arrangement and method
CN106122953A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-11-16 江苏汇能锅炉有限公司 一种循环流化床锅炉的一次风布风装置
CN112902149A (zh) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 锅炉两侧墙上设有预燃室燃烧器的燃烧系统及燃烧方法
CN113007698A (zh) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学 一种用于对冲燃烧锅炉下层的燃烧系统及使用方法
CN112902149B (zh) * 2021-02-07 2022-02-22 哈尔滨工业大学 锅炉两侧墙上设有预燃室燃烧器的燃烧方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2288240T3 (es) 2008-01-01
ATE367557T1 (de) 2007-08-15
EP1467148A3 (de) 2005-01-05
DE602004007569T2 (de) 2008-04-10
DE602004007569D1 (de) 2007-08-30
EP1467148B1 (de) 2007-07-18
FI114114B (fi) 2004-08-13
FI20030542A0 (fi) 2003-04-10

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