EP1476257A1 - Surface - Google Patents

Surface

Info

Publication number
EP1476257A1
EP1476257A1 EP03704394A EP03704394A EP1476257A1 EP 1476257 A1 EP1476257 A1 EP 1476257A1 EP 03704394 A EP03704394 A EP 03704394A EP 03704394 A EP03704394 A EP 03704394A EP 1476257 A1 EP1476257 A1 EP 1476257A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capillary
surface according
capillaries
basic structure
structures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03704394A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ingo Gerber
Jan Tuma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gottlieb Binder GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Gottlieb Binder GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gottlieb Binder GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Gottlieb Binder GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1476257A1 publication Critical patent/EP1476257A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
    • B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24008—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including fastener for attaching to external surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surface for an object with an artificially producible basic structure and with further structures that have a self-cleaning effect.
  • EP-B-0 772 514 discloses self-cleaning surfaces of objects which have an artificial surface structure consisting of elevations and depressions of one type, the distance between the elevations being in the range from 5 to 200 ⁇ m and the height of the elevations being in the range 5 up to 100 ⁇ m.
  • at least the elevations should consist of hydrophobic polymers or durable hydrophobized materials and the elevations should not be removable by water or by water with detergents.
  • the solution known in this regard shows a surface with these elevations for repelling dirt, whereby a lotus leaf structure is artificially reproduced, which is known not to get dirty in the sense of self-cleaning and even commercially available adhesives are rejected from the biological structure.
  • Known surfaces can only be used to a limited extent, since either the range of the materials to be used in the production is severely restricted or the surface has to be reworked in a complex manner in order to make it hydrophobic.
  • the known surface can be produced only with great effort and complexity.
  • coating processes or shaping processes with high mesh screens are used, which are cost-intensive and difficult to control. It has also been shown in practice that surfaces artificially produced in this way with a "lotus effect" often do not achieve the desired results with regard to self-cleaning.
  • PCT / WO 93/01047 discloses a surface consisting of a deeply embossed thermoplastic film.
  • This has a plurality of macro cells as a structure in the form of elevations, which are connected by regions which extend between these adjacent macro cells, the macro cells having a depth of 0.635 to 3.81 mm and additionally the thermoplastic film at least a plurality of Micro-impressions that form a randomly distributed sandblasting pattern on the film with a distance between 1, 25 and 6.35 microns.
  • these micro-impressions form a second type of elevations, which have an opposite orientation to the elevations of the first type, so that the elevations are arranged separately from one another on opposite sides of the surface.
  • Such known surfaces such as polyolefinic films, such as those made of polyethylene, with areas of elevation extending between them are used in particular where such fabrics have special requirements with regard to sensory or sighted sensory perceptions, for example in the area of clothing linings or the like Hygiene or sanitary area, and have no dirt- showing properties, so that a self-cleaning effect is not detectable here.
  • the respective elevation structure is first applied to the surface material via an application roller.
  • the latter method is complex and cost-intensive, and it cannot be guaranteed that the structure applied in this way will not detach from the base material, depending on the stress.
  • the known casting, embossing, etching and application methods are also beyond not suitable for making the production of large quantities of structured surfaces available on an industrial scale, although this known solution produces very good results in self-cleaning and is found in nature in the form of the leaf surface of the nasturtium.
  • the object of the invention is to create a surface with a very good degree of cleaning for soiling and which, moreover, allows it to be produced on a large industrial scale in a cost-effective manner.
  • a related problem is solved by a surface with the features of claim 1 in its entirety.
  • the respective structure has or develops a capillary effect, in which the quotient of capillary work K and adhesion work A is greater than 1, the capillary structures with their capillaries have a so-called negative rise, ie liquid is removed the capillaries.
  • the effect of the capillaries on the surface is described by the capillary work K and the adhesion work A.
  • the respective structure has or forms a capillary whose mean capillary radius r ⁇ is less than r ⁇ , that is to say the radius of the smallest water drop occurring in the environment, in particular raindrops.
  • the self-cleaning structured surface Since different droplet sizes occur when using the self-cleaning structured surface, it is also important for a design of the structured self-cleaning surface that the selected capillary radii r ⁇ are smaller than the radius of the smallest raindrop r ⁇ occurring in the environment. For this purpose, the impact of free-falling raindrops is considered, which can break up or burst into several small drops when struck on any surface.
  • the capillary radius r ⁇ of the self-cleaning structured surface must be r ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ so that a small drop does not fall into the structure and thus no negative rise in the capillaries is achieved.
  • the corresponding liquid properties then result in different capillary radii. If the capillary effect is generated by geometrical structures other than tubes, such as, for example, by pyramid, cone or truncated cone-like projections, a mean or averaged capillary radius r must be determined for these structures when they are designed.
  • the surface according to the invention consists at least partially of hydrophilic materials, in particular of plastic materials, such as thermoplastics and thermosets, in particular in the form of polyvinyl chloride, polyterephthalate, methyl methacrylate or polyamide.
  • hydrophilic material instead of hydrophobic to increase the degree of dirt repellency or oleophobic surfaces hydrophilic material is used, with which for a person skilled in the art can surprisingly achieve a higher degree of dirt repellency than with the known structures mentioned.
  • the basic structure for the surface is formed from a hydrophilic plastic material, the material is water-attracting and absorbs moisture, so that due to the water molecules or the moisture in the material, a kind of protective or separating layer is formed on the surface, with improved dirt-repellent Characteristics.
  • the respective capillary is formed by an adhesive closure part, the stem part of which is connected at its one free end to the basic structure and at its other free end carries a closure part such as a head or hook part, the closure part and at least part of the stem part has at least one capillary opening.
  • the hook-and-loop fastener material in question can be releasably connected from the hooking side with the appropriate fleece material to form a fastener, or with the fastener heads of a correspondingly constructed fastener part in which the heads of one fastener part releasably engage in the spaces between the heads of the other fastener part ,
  • an adhesive closure part is then obtained with a high degree of dirt repellency, which is advantageous, in particular if such seals
  • Such closures are then used, for example, in the baby diaper area, they repel dirt, for example also in the form of baby powder or baby cream, so that the closures constructed in this way allow the baby diaper to be securely fastened and subsequently disposed of in the folded state.
  • the capillaries as stem parts or as part of the adhesive fastener parts, are so close together on the surface that comparable capillaries are again formed by the gaps formed in this way.
  • chill-roll means "sudden cooling or quenching over well-effective cooling rollers of the extruded plastic material" (cf. Nentwig “Plastic foils", 2nd revised edition, Hansa-Verlag page 51 from 2000) , With the method in question, a fixed arrangement of the capillary structure on the surface is achieved, since this is in one piece part of the carrier base material in the form of the artificially produced base structure, for example formed as a plastic film.
  • a droplet deposit method of plastic material Such a method is described in the subsequently published DE 101 06 705.4.
  • at least one adhesive fastener element is formed in at least one partial area without the use of a mold, in that the plastic material is deposited in successively dispensed droplets by means of at least one application device and the locations of the droplet deposition are selected three-dimensionally with respect to the shape of the adhesive fastener element to be formed in each case.
  • the structure in question also allows the design of adhesive fastener parts, which preferably form the capillary opening in their longitudinal direction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a surface with capillary structures arranged on it
  • FIG. 2 shows a surface modeled on FIG. 1, the capillaries being designed as adhesive closure elements,
  • FIG. 3 shows a preform of a surface for the subsequent receipt of adhesive fastener parts according to the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a surface with capillary structures arranged on it, this time in the form of a conical capillary, 5 a surface modeled on FIG. 2, with multiple cylindrical and conical capillaries being introduced into the adhesive fastener parts or into the basic structure,
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a surface with capillary structures arranged on it, formed by roof-like or pyramid-like projections on the respective basic structure in a perspective view.
  • the side view of the surface shown in FIG. 1 has in particular an artificially producible basic structure 10 with structures arranged thereon in the form of individual capillaries 12.
  • the structures in question have a self-cleaning effect, which will be explained in the following.
  • the structures or capillaries 12 mentioned can be close together in a large number of arrangements on the base structure 10 and are preferably connected to it in one piece. Otherwise, the surface shown in FIG. 1 is reproduced in a greatly enlarged manner, and both the basic structure 10 and the further structures 12 can form very small structures, even in the nanometer range.
  • the structure each having a capillary 12, has a capillary radius r ⁇ from the side of the capillary opening 14, which is smaller than the radius r ⁇ of the smallest water drop occurring in the environment, in particular raindrops.
  • the structured surface shown in FIG. 1 should have a self-cleaning effect.
  • the structuring is described as an arrangement of individual capillaries 12.
  • a negative rise in the capillaries must be reached, ie liquid is pressed out of the capillaries. This applies to liquids whose contact angle on the structured surface is between 90 ° and 180 °.
  • the effect of the capillaries on the surface can be described mathematically by the capillary work K and the adhesion work A.
  • the capillary work K pulls the drop out of the structure; the adhesion work A keeps the drop in the structure.
  • the aim of the structural design is that the quotient K / A> 1 is due to the appropriate choice of the capillary radius r ⁇ . If r ⁇ is greater than r ⁇ , the drop is distributed over several capillaries, so that:
  • capillary-like further structures 12 can also be arranged in a recessed manner in the basic structure 10 or be part of concave and / or convex elevations in relation to the basic structure 10.
  • the capillary radius r ⁇ of the self-cleaning structured surface must be r ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ so that a small drop does not fall into the structure and thus no negative rise in the capillaries is reached, which enables self-cleaning.
  • i- Before liquids, different capillary radii result from the corresponding liquid properties.
  • the capillaries 12 are used as structures, the effect of the capillary forces on a liquid can be observed in both directions:
  • Case B Liquid is pressed out of the capillary (rising height h ⁇ negative), capillary depression.
  • the drop lies on the structured surface, the drop lies over the capillaries 12 and case B is interesting for self-cleaning, in which the liquid moves upwards against the weight
  • the rise h ⁇ in the capillary 12 has a negative value in case B. All sizes in the climbing height formula are positive. Only the cosine of the contact angle ⁇ becomes negative for the condition: 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 °.
  • the relationship between the radius of the structures and the adhesive forces is also essential for the effect of capillary forces in structured surfaces. Because here there are adhesive forces against capillary forces on the capillary wall.
  • the capillary work K is equal to the product of volume, gravitational acceleration g, density p and the height of rise h ⁇ :
  • the capillary work must be greater than the adhesion work, so that the drop does not touch the capillary base, but rather the drop is sucked out of the recesses and rests on the surface, which is the advantageous Self-cleaning results.
  • the quotient K / A is calculated to compare the orders of magnitude of capillary work K and adhesion work A.
  • the surface consists of hydrophilic materials, in particular plastic materials in the form of polyvinyl chloride, polyterephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate or polyamide.
  • hydrophilic materials draw moisture into the basic structure and thus form a protective layer against the impingement of aqueous contamination parts.
  • Other crosslinked structures in particular also in the form of acrylate material, or materials which have proven to be biodegradable can also be used in the plastic materials mentioned.
  • the structure shown there could be fed to a calendering process in which, for example, a calender roller (not shown in more detail) presses on the free ends of the stem parts 16 from above. 2, with stem parts 16, which are connected at one free end to the base structure 10 and have a closure part in the form of a head part 18 at their respective other free ends.
  • the respective surrounding edges of the individual head parts 18 are pressed slightly downward in the direction of the basic structure 10 and form a counterhold in the hardened state, so that a hooking lock results, for example for the engagement of one not shown in detail
  • Velcro part or a corresponding adhesive fastener part with corresponding hooking or head parts enters approximately in the longitudinal axis of the respective closure part both in the concave center of the head part 18 and in the stem part 16 a self-cleaning effect can also be achieved with the adhesive closure part. If, contrary to the illustration according to FIG. 2, the individual interlocking parts are moved closer together, a kind of capillary also arises in the gaps, with the desired self-cleaning effect, provided that it is ensured that the quotient of capillary work K and adhesion work A is greater than 1.
  • the adhesive closure part according to FIG. 2 can also be obtained by a method according to DE 198 28 856 C1.
  • a molding tool in the manner of a screen roller is required in the known method, the very large number of openings in the screen being obtained by etching, galvanizing or by means of laser processing.
  • the relevant sieve is applied to a sieve or structure roller and a chill roll method can be carried out by means of a counter roller which rotates in the opposite direction to the structure roller, in which an extruded plastic material is passed through the gap between the two rollers and the Closure parts arise in the openings of the screen roller.
  • fastener elements can be arranged in a very high packing density and can be formed in a very small space. This is particularly favorable if one wishes to produce so-called micro-adhesive fasteners, in which the adhesive fastener elements in the form of stems 16 with end-side thickenings (head parts 18) or lateral projections (hooks) in very high packing densities, for example 200 or more adhesive fastener elements per cm 2 are provided.
  • basic Structures are obtained as they are the subject of FIG. 3, the free stem ends then being deformable by a calendering process in such a way that a closure material is produced from the basic structure, as shown in FIG. 2 in a side view.
  • Another method for producing the surface according to the configurations according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can be achieved by the construction of individual, finest droplets of plastic material, which are deposited one after the other at selected locations, whereby practically any size sizes and high packing densities can be achieved without a correspondingly complex training of molds would be necessary.
  • the locations of the deposits of the plastic droplets can be reached by control, which is done by corresponding relative movements between the application device and a substrate carrying the deposits, preferably computer-controlled, without difficulty, any stem geometries being able to be produced, and also head shapes on interlocking elements such as mushroom heads, star-shaped heads and the like.
  • the respective capillary opening 14 in the closure or stem part can be easily generated via the relevant method.
  • nozzle arrangements are used as the application device, which are capable of carrying out the application using the high-speed method. Only droplets the size of a few pictoliters are applied to the film-like basic structure material 10. Furthermore, clock frequencies of several kHz can be achieved during the application process, and the structure is built up successively by applying the previously applied one Plastic material is cured immediately, for example by means of UV radiation or the like. The relevant droplet application method is described in detail in the subsequently published DE 101 06 705.4.
  • the structured surface with capillary action according to the invention achieves a very high self-cleaning effect and the structures in question can be obtained inexpensively on an industrial scale and used for a large number of applications.
  • the basic structure 10 with its further structures 12 can be designed in the manner of a film material; however, there is also the direct possibility of providing the surface of objects directly with the capillary structure, in particular using the droplet deposition method described.
  • conical capillaries 12 are introduced on the end of the stem parts 16. There are also conical ones
  • Capillary 12 which expand with its capillary opening 14 to the surroundings, in the basic structure 10.
  • the capillary structures in question can be obtained via the chill-roll process already mentioned or by a cutting and notching process, also by means of laser or water jet To cut.
  • cylindrical capillaries 12 can also take place, as is indicated in another context, for example, in FIG. 5 for the adhesive fastener parts shown there.
  • the capillary 12 is conical or frustoconical, an average capillary radius is to be determined for its calculation, which then serves as the basis for the quotient formation from capillary work K and adhesion work A, which must be greater than 1 if a self-cleaning effect is desired .
  • the stem parts 16 can also be omitted and the capillary 12 is then arranged accordingly only in the film-like basic structure 10. Such a structure, especially if it is transparent, is then suitable for covering information signs in a dirt-repellent manner.
  • the capillaries 12 are introduced several times in the end of the respective fastener parts and conical capillaries 12 cover the top of the basic structure 10.
  • the respective structure 12 is formed from pyramid, cone or truncated cone-shaped projections, the respective capillary 12 then resulting from the spaces between the projections.
  • an average capillary radius r ⁇ to be determined must be assumed to ensure that the quotient of the capillary work K and the adhesion work A is greater than 1.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6, in particular if it is kept transparent, is also particularly suitable for cleaning information signs exposed to environmental dirt from the contamination itself, it being possible for the film-like basic structure 10 to be connected to the information sign unit (not shown in more detail) by means of conventional adhesives.
  • the basic structure 10 preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and the capillary depth is preferably greater than 5 ⁇ m.
  • the capillary radius is preferably chosen to be greater than 5 ⁇ m.
  • Capillaries (hair tubes) in the sense of the invention are all tubes or elongated cavities (pores) with very small inner diameters.
  • Particularly suitable cross-linkable plastics, in particular cross-linkable polyacrylates, are also suitable as plastic materials for producing the respective capillary 12 along with the basic structure 10. If the basic structure 10 is designed in the manner of a film or sheet, the surface can also be used as a shower curtain, tent sheet or for parasols, but also for items of clothing.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une surface, notamment la surface d'un objet ayant une structure de base (10) pouvant être obtenue artificiellement. Afin que la structure concernée (12) présente ou déploie un effet capillaire, pour lequel le quotient du travail capillaire (K) et du travail d'adhérence (A) est supérieur à 1, les structures capillaires présentent, avec leurs capillaires, une hauteur d'aspiration dite négative, c'est-à-dire que le liquide est compressé et est expulsé des capillaires, permettant ainsi un auto-nettoyage.
EP03704394A 2002-02-21 2003-01-15 Surface Ceased EP1476257A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10207194 2002-02-21
DE10207194A DE10207194C1 (de) 2002-02-21 2002-02-21 Oberfläche
PCT/EP2003/000308 WO2003070392A1 (fr) 2002-02-21 2003-01-15 Surface

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1476257A1 true EP1476257A1 (fr) 2004-11-17

Family

ID=7713874

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03704394A Ceased EP1476257A1 (fr) 2002-02-21 2003-01-15 Surface

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7691464B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1476257A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005525923A (fr)
DE (1) DE10207194C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003070392A1 (fr)

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US9937655B2 (en) 2011-06-15 2018-04-10 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Method of manufacturing catheter for antimicrobial control
AU2013281354B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2018-03-22 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Medical components with microstructures for humidification and condensate management
EP2968830B1 (fr) 2013-03-14 2019-03-06 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Chambre d'humidification à surface microstructurée
US10098509B2 (en) 2015-01-29 2018-10-16 Jonathan Haas Shower curtain and a method to manufacture
CN110482481B (zh) * 2019-07-08 2023-04-04 南京航空航天大学 一种末端膨大微结构阵列仿生黏附材料的制备方法
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CN114870547B (zh) * 2022-04-28 2023-03-14 西安交通大学 一种不对称锥刺阵列油雾收集装置及其制备、收集方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7691464B2 (en) 2010-04-06
WO2003070392A1 (fr) 2003-08-28
DE10207194C1 (de) 2003-06-12
JP2005525923A (ja) 2005-09-02
US20050153096A1 (en) 2005-07-14

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