EP1483076A2 - Method of producing metallic packaging - Google Patents

Method of producing metallic packaging

Info

Publication number
EP1483076A2
EP1483076A2 EP03717415A EP03717415A EP1483076A2 EP 1483076 A2 EP1483076 A2 EP 1483076A2 EP 03717415 A EP03717415 A EP 03717415A EP 03717415 A EP03717415 A EP 03717415A EP 1483076 A2 EP1483076 A2 EP 1483076A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brazing
metal
parts
assembled
packaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03717415A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Jeuch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermagen SA
Original Assignee
Thermagen SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermagen SA filed Critical Thermagen SA
Publication of EP1483076A2 publication Critical patent/EP1483076A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, electron beams [EB]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal package and more specifically to the assembly of such a package.
  • the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of beverage cans, cans or any other metallic packaging.
  • a package comprises at least two metal parts assembled, generally by crimping.
  • the two minimum pieces constituting a package are a container box and a lid closing said box.
  • More complex packaging can nevertheless be envisaged in the context of the present invention, comprising three or more assembled parts.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a conventional packaging manufacturing process.
  • a metal cover 11 is crimped onto a metal box 10.
  • Crimping 5 consists of rolling two sheets of metal together with a seal 6.
  • An alternative technique to crimping can be welding.
  • the weld is not perfectly suited to the assembly of packaging since the production of a weld consists in melting the metal constituting the packaging.
  • Such a fusion involves a sharp rise in temperature at the welding point and leads to the deterioration of the surface treatments of the packaging, such as the interior anticorrosion treatments and the exterior decoration treatments for example.
  • the assembly of metal parts by crimping is a simple technique but which reaches its limits of reliability when the metal sheets become very thin.
  • industrial constraints encourage the use of less and less raw material, that is to say less and less of metal, and therefore the use of metal parts having an increasingly fine thickness.
  • This constraint on the thickness of the walls of the packaging weighs in particular on the beverage can industry.
  • the crimping uses a significant amount of metal to perform the winding.
  • the crimping technique is not always very suitable when it is desired to produce more complex packaging, for example comprising several compartments in the same box or a box provided with a double bottom.
  • US Pat. No. 5,088,870 proposes a method for producing a metallic packaging comprising double compartments.
  • the method proposed in this patent is complex to implement and limited to certain geometries and dimensions of the packaging.
  • the objective of the present invention is to propose another technique for assembling metal parts, particularly well suited to assembling packages comprising several compartments with very thin metal walls.
  • the present invention proposes to carry out the assembly of the metal parts by brazing, that is to say by fusion and solidification of a metal thus ensuring a connection between the parts to be assembled.
  • the invention relates to a packaging manufacturing method comprising a step of assembling at least two metal parts, characterized in that the assembly of said parts is carried out by brazing.
  • the brazing is carried out by localized heating of a brazing metal covering a brazing zone on one of the parts to be assembled.
  • the localized heating of the brazing metal is generated by a laser beam focused on the brazing zone or by induction around the brazing zone.
  • the metal parts to be assembled are made of steel and the brazing metal comprises tin.
  • the parts to be assembled are composed of a box and a cover and / or a box and a separation of box body and / or two nested boxes.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention applies to the assembly of metal parts constituting a package, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a metal box 10, preferably made of steel, must be assembled with a metal cover 11 which can be made of the same material or other metallic material. According to the invention, this assembly is carried out by brazing.
  • Brazing requires the presence of a brazing material composed of a metal whose melting point is lower than that of the metal constituting the packaging.
  • a brazing metal comprising tin is suitable.
  • the brazing metal 15 is deposited on at least one of the parts to be assembled, 10 or 11, in the form of a thin layer. The deposition of the brazing metal 15 defines a so-called brazing zone.
  • the brazing is obtained by heating the brazing zone of the pre-assembled parts.
  • the heating causes the brazing metal 15 to melt.
  • the brazing metal 15 solidifies and thus solidifies the parts 10 and 11.
  • Brazing simply requires heating to allow the brazing metal to melt. But to guarantee reliable soldering and responding to constraints of high industrial rates, it is preferable that the heating of the soldering zone is rapid, intense and localized on said zone. Such heating can be obtained, for example, by a laser beam focused on the soldering zone or by induction around said zone.
  • the heating of the induction brazing area is particularly suitable for the geometry of cylindrical metal cans, such as cans for example.
  • Localized induction heating involves heating the brazing metal 15 by the Joule effect. Eddy currents are induced by an alternating magnetic field generated by at least one induction coil 16 surrounding the brazing zone and supplied by a high frequency alternating current. The high production rates can thus be supported for the assembly of packages according to the invention, since heating and especially cooling are rapid in the case of localized heating.
  • this assembly technique is easy to implement because it does not require any direct contact with the packaging.
  • a brazing layer of about 0.02 mm can be deposited on the wall of at least one of the parts to be assembled.
  • a heating power of 10 kW for 50 to 100ms allows the brazing of the parts to be assembled.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the production of a separation 14 in a metal box body 10 to create compartments, the solder according to the invention being produced by means of a laser beam 18 focused on the brazing metal 15.
  • the invention allows the manufacture of complex packaging boxes combining the different embodiments illustrated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing packaging, comprising a step involving the assembly of at least two metallic parts. The inventive method is characterised in that said two parts are assembled by means of brazing.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'EMBALLAGE METALLIQUE METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC PACKAGING
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un emballage métallique et plus spécifiquement à l'assemblage d'un tel emballage. La présente invention peut être appliquée à la fabrication de canettes de boisson, de boîtes de conserves ou de tout autre emballage métallique.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal package and more specifically to the assembly of such a package. The present invention can be applied to the manufacture of beverage cans, cans or any other metallic packaging.
Classiquement, un emballage comporte au moins deux pièces métalliques assemblées, généralement par sertissage. Les deux pièces minimales constituant un emballage sont une boîte formant récipient et un couvercle fermant ladite boîte. Des emballages plus complexes peuvent néanmoins être envisagés dans le cadre de la présente invention, comportant trois pièces assemblées voire plus.Conventionally, a package comprises at least two metal parts assembled, generally by crimping. The two minimum pieces constituting a package are a container box and a lid closing said box. More complex packaging can nevertheless be envisaged in the context of the present invention, comprising three or more assembled parts.
La figure 1 illustre un procédé de fabrication d'emballage classique. Un couvercle métallique 11 est serti sur une boîte métallique 10. Le sertissage 5 consiste à rouler deux feuilles de métal ensemble avec un joint d'étanchéité 6. Une technique alternative au sertissage peut être la soudure. Un article paru dans la revue professionnelle " The canmaker ", Sept 2001, p9, décrit un procédé d'assemblage d'une canette par soudure au laser, mais relève également les difficultés de mise en œuvre d'une telle méthode d'assemblage. La soudure n'est pas parfaitement bien adaptée à l'assemblage d'emballages car la réalisation d'une soudure consiste à faire fondre le métal constituant l'emballage. Une telle fusion implique une forte élévation de température au point de soudure et entraîne la détérioration des traitements de surface de l'emballage, tels que les traitements intérieurs anticorrosion et les traitements extérieurs de décoration par exemple.Figure 1 illustrates a conventional packaging manufacturing process. A metal cover 11 is crimped onto a metal box 10. Crimping 5 consists of rolling two sheets of metal together with a seal 6. An alternative technique to crimping can be welding. An article published in the professional journal "The canmaker", Sept 2001, p9, describes a method of assembling a can by laser welding, but also notes the difficulties of implementing such an assembly method. The weld is not perfectly suited to the assembly of packaging since the production of a weld consists in melting the metal constituting the packaging. Such a fusion involves a sharp rise in temperature at the welding point and leads to the deterioration of the surface treatments of the packaging, such as the interior anticorrosion treatments and the exterior decoration treatments for example.
En revanche, l'assemblage de pièces métalliques par sertissage est une technique simple mais qui atteint ses limites de fiabilité lorsque les feuilles de métal deviennent très fines. En effet, les contraintes industrielles incitent à utiliser de moins en moins de matière première, c'est à dire de moins en moins de métal et donc à utiliser des pièces métalliques ayant une épaisseur de plus en plus fine. Cette contrainte sur l'épaisseur des parois de l'emballage pèse en particulier sur l'industrie de la canette de boisson. Ainsi, lorsque les feuilles de métal à sertir deviennent trop fines, le risque de cassure est accru. En outre, le sertissage utilise une quantité de métal non négligeable pour effectuer l'enroulement. De plus, la technique du sertissage n'est pas toujours bien appropriée lorsque l'on souhaite réaliser des emballages plus complexes, par exemple comportant plusieurs compartiments dans une même boîte ou une boîte munie d'un double fond.On the other hand, the assembly of metal parts by crimping is a simple technique but which reaches its limits of reliability when the metal sheets become very thin. In fact, industrial constraints encourage the use of less and less raw material, that is to say less and less of metal, and therefore the use of metal parts having an increasingly fine thickness. This constraint on the thickness of the walls of the packaging weighs in particular on the beverage can industry. Thus, when the sheets of metal to be crimped become too thin, the risk of breakage is increased. In addition, the crimping uses a significant amount of metal to perform the winding. In addition, the crimping technique is not always very suitable when it is desired to produce more complex packaging, for example comprising several compartments in the same box or a box provided with a double bottom.
Dans un tel contexte d'emballage complexe, le brevet US 5 088 870 propose une méthode pour réaliser un emballage métallique comportant des doubles compartiments. Cependant, la méthode proposée dans ce brevet est complexe à mettre en œuvre et limitée à certaines géométries et dimensions de l'emballage.In such a complex packaging context, US Pat. No. 5,088,870 proposes a method for producing a metallic packaging comprising double compartments. However, the method proposed in this patent is complex to implement and limited to certain geometries and dimensions of the packaging.
L'objectif de la présente invention est de proposer une autre technique d'assemblage de pièces métalliques, particulièrement bien adaptée à l'assemblage d'emballages comportant plusieurs compartiments à parois métalliques très fines.The objective of the present invention is to propose another technique for assembling metal parts, particularly well suited to assembling packages comprising several compartments with very thin metal walls.
A cet effet, la présente invention propose d'effectuer l'assemblage des pièces métalliques par brasure, c'est à dire par fusion et solidification d'un métal assurant ainsi une liaison entre les pièces à assembler.To this end, the present invention proposes to carry out the assembly of the metal parts by brazing, that is to say by fusion and solidification of a metal thus ensuring a connection between the parts to be assembled.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'emballage comportant une étape d'assemblage d'au moins deux pièces métalliques, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage desdites pièces est réalisé par brasure.More particularly, the invention relates to a packaging manufacturing method comprising a step of assembling at least two metal parts, characterized in that the assembly of said parts is carried out by brazing.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, la brasure est réalisée par un chauffage localisé d'un métal de brasage recouvrant une zone de brasage sur une des pièces à assembler.According to an advantageous characteristic, the brazing is carried out by localized heating of a brazing metal covering a brazing zone on one of the parts to be assembled.
Selon les modes de réalisation, le chauffage localisé du métal de brasage est généré par un faisceau laser focalisé sur la zone de brasage ou par induction autour de la zone de brasage.According to the embodiments, the localized heating of the brazing metal is generated by a laser beam focused on the brazing zone or by induction around the brazing zone.
Selon une application, les pièces métalliques à assembler sont en acier et le métal de brasage comporte de l'étain.According to one application, the metal parts to be assembled are made of steel and the brazing metal comprises tin.
Selon les modes de mise en œuvre, les pièces à assembler sont composées d'une boîte et d'un couvercle et/ou d'une boîte et d'une séparation de corps de boîte et/ou de deux boîtes emboîtées.According to the modes of implementation, the parts to be assembled are composed of a box and a cover and / or a box and a separation of box body and / or two nested boxes.
Les particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui suit donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : - la figure 1, déjà décrite, illustre une technique d'assemblage de boîtes métalliques connue de l'art antérieur ;The particular features and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows, given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, and made with reference to the figures in which: - Figure 1, already described, illustrates a technique of assembling metal cans known from the prior art;
- la figure 2 illustre un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;- Figure 2 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 3 illustre un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la figure 4 illustre un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.- Figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention; - Figure 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention.
L'invention s'applique à l'assemblage de pièces métalliques constituant un emballage, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 2. Une boîte métallique 10, préférentiellement en acier, doit être assemblée à un couvercle métallique 11 qui peut être composé du même matériau ou d'un autre matériau métallique. Selon l'invention, cet assemblage est réalisé par brasure.The invention applies to the assembly of metal parts constituting a package, as illustrated in FIG. 2. A metal box 10, preferably made of steel, must be assembled with a metal cover 11 which can be made of the same material or other metallic material. According to the invention, this assembly is carried out by brazing.
La réalisation d'une brasure nécessite la présente d'un matériau de brasage composé d'un métal dont le point de fusion est inférieur à celui du métal constituant l'emballage. Par exemple, dans le cas d'un emballage en acier, un métal de brasage comportant de l'étain est approprié. Le métal de brasage 15 est déposé sur au moins l'une des pièces à assembler, 10 ou 11, sous la forme d'une couche fine. Le dépôt du métal de brasage 15 définit une zone dite de brasage.Brazing requires the presence of a brazing material composed of a metal whose melting point is lower than that of the metal constituting the packaging. For example, in the case of steel packaging, a brazing metal comprising tin is suitable. The brazing metal 15 is deposited on at least one of the parts to be assembled, 10 or 11, in the form of a thin layer. The deposition of the brazing metal 15 defines a so-called brazing zone.
La brasure est obtenue en assurant un chauffage de la zone de brasage des pièces pré-assemblées. Le chauffage provoque la fusion du métal de brasage 15. Lorsque le chauffage est interrompu, le métal de brasage 15 se solidifie et solidarise ainsi les pièces 10 et 11.The brazing is obtained by heating the brazing zone of the pre-assembled parts. The heating causes the brazing metal 15 to melt. When the heating is interrupted, the brazing metal 15 solidifies and thus solidifies the parts 10 and 11.
La brasure nécessite simplement un chauffage permettant la fusion du métal de brasage. Mais pour garantir une brasure fiable et répondant à des contraintes de cadences industrielles élevées, il est préférable que le chauffage de la zone de brasage soit rapide, intense et localisée sur ladite zone. Un tel chauffage peut être obtenu, par exemple, par un faisceau laser focalisé sur la zone de brasage ou par induction autour de ladite zone.Brazing simply requires heating to allow the brazing metal to melt. But to guarantee reliable soldering and responding to constraints of high industrial rates, it is preferable that the heating of the soldering zone is rapid, intense and localized on said zone. Such heating can be obtained, for example, by a laser beam focused on the soldering zone or by induction around said zone.
Le chauffage de la zone de brasage par induction se prête tout particulièrement à la géométrie des boîtes métalliques cylindriques, telles que les canettes par exemple. Un chauffage localisé par induction consiste à chauffer le métal de brasage 15 par effet Joule. Des courants de Foucault sont induits par un champ magnétique alternatif généré par au moins une spire à induction 16 entourant la zone de brasage et alimentée par un courant alternatif haute fréquence. Les cadences de fabrication élevées peuvent ainsi être soutenues pour l'assemblage d'emballages selon l'invention, car échauffement et surtout le refroidissement sont rapides dans le cas d'un chauffage localisé.The heating of the induction brazing area is particularly suitable for the geometry of cylindrical metal cans, such as cans for example. Localized induction heating involves heating the brazing metal 15 by the Joule effect. Eddy currents are induced by an alternating magnetic field generated by at least one induction coil 16 surrounding the brazing zone and supplied by a high frequency alternating current. The high production rates can thus be supported for the assembly of packages according to the invention, since heating and especially cooling are rapid in the case of localized heating.
En outre, cette technique d'assemblage est facile à mettre en œuvre car elle ne nécessite aucun contact direct avec l'emballage.In addition, this assembly technique is easy to implement because it does not require any direct contact with the packaging.
Ainsi, si on considère un emballage composé de pièces de métal d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 et 0.4 mm, une couche de brasage d'environ 0.02 mm peut être déposée sur la paroi d'au moins une des pièces à assembler. Une puissance de chauffage de 10 kW pendant 50 à 100ms permet d'effectuer la brasure des pièces à assembler.Thus, if we consider a package composed of metal parts with a thickness between 0.1 and 0.4 mm, a brazing layer of about 0.02 mm can be deposited on the wall of at least one of the parts to be assembled. A heating power of 10 kW for 50 to 100ms allows the brazing of the parts to be assembled.
Le procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention s'applique à toutes formes et dimensions d'emballages. Par exemple, comme illustré sur la figure 3, deux boîtes 12 et 13 peuvent être emboîtées et solidarisées par la technique d'assemblage de l'invention. De même, la figure 4 illustre la réalisation d'une séparation 14 dans un corps de boîte métallique 10 pour créer des compartiments, la brasure selon l'invention étant réalisée au moyen d'un faisceau laser 18 focalisé sur le métal de brasage 15.The assembly method according to the invention applies to all forms and dimensions of packaging. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, two boxes 12 and 13 can be fitted and secured by the assembly technique of the invention. Likewise, FIG. 4 illustrates the production of a separation 14 in a metal box body 10 to create compartments, the solder according to the invention being produced by means of a laser beam 18 focused on the brazing metal 15.
Ainsi, l'invention permet la fabrication de boîtes d'emballage complexes combinant les différents modes de réalisation illustrés. Thus, the invention allows the manufacture of complex packaging boxes combining the different embodiments illustrated.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'emballage comportant une étape d'assemblage d'au moins deux pièces métalliques, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage desdites pièces est réalisé par brasure.1. A method of manufacturing packaging comprising a step of assembling at least two metal parts, characterized in that the assembly of said parts is carried out by brazing.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la brasure est réalisée par un chauffage localisé d'un métal de brasage recouvrant une zone de brasage sur une des pièces à assembler.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brazing is carried out by localized heating of a brazing metal covering a brazing zone on one of the parts to be assembled.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage localisé du métal de brasage est généré par un faisceau laser focalisé sur la zone de brasage.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the localized heating of the brazing metal is generated by a laser beam focused on the brazing area.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage localisé du métal de brasage est généré par induction autour de la zone de brasage.4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the localized heating of the brazing metal is generated by induction around the brazing zone.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces métalliques à assembler sont en acier.5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts to be assembled are made of steel.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le métal de brasage comporte de l'étain.6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brazing metal comprises tin.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces à assembler sont composées d'une boîte et d'un couvercle.7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts to be assembled are composed of a box and a cover.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces à assembler sont composées d'une boîte et d'une séparation de corps de boîte.8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts to be assembled are composed of a box and a box body separation.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces à assembler sont composées de deux boîtes emboîtées. 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts to be assembled are composed of two nested boxes.
EP03717415A 2002-02-28 2003-02-20 Method of producing metallic packaging Withdrawn EP1483076A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0202522A FR2836407B1 (en) 2002-02-28 2002-02-28 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC PACKAGING
FR0202522 2002-02-28
PCT/FR2003/000560 WO2003072289A2 (en) 2002-02-28 2003-02-20 Method of producing metallic packaging

Publications (1)

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EP1483076A2 true EP1483076A2 (en) 2004-12-08

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US (1) US20050150934A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1483076A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2005518996A (en)
CN (1) CN1638906A (en)
AU (1) AU2003222582A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2476847A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2836407B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2004128944A (en)
WO (1) WO2003072289A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200406551B (en)

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US20050150934A1 (en) 2005-07-14
AU2003222582A1 (en) 2003-09-09
FR2836407B1 (en) 2004-05-14
WO2003072289A2 (en) 2003-09-04
FR2836407A1 (en) 2003-08-29
RU2004128944A (en) 2005-07-20
WO2003072289A3 (en) 2004-04-08
ZA200406551B (en) 2005-05-03
CN1638906A (en) 2005-07-13
JP2005518996A (en) 2005-06-30

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