EP1494848A1 - Cylindre avec enveloppe indicatrice de contrainte et de temperature - Google Patents

Cylindre avec enveloppe indicatrice de contrainte et de temperature

Info

Publication number
EP1494848A1
EP1494848A1 EP03726335A EP03726335A EP1494848A1 EP 1494848 A1 EP1494848 A1 EP 1494848A1 EP 03726335 A EP03726335 A EP 03726335A EP 03726335 A EP03726335 A EP 03726335A EP 1494848 A1 EP1494848 A1 EP 1494848A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
roll
cover
roll defined
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03726335A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Lutz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stowe Woodward LLC
Original Assignee
Stowe Woodward LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10312464A external-priority patent/DE10312464A1/de
Application filed by Stowe Woodward LLC filed Critical Stowe Woodward LLC
Publication of EP1494848A1 publication Critical patent/EP1494848A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0233—Soft rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B3/00—Presses characterised by the use of rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, rings, discs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/08—Pressure rolls
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to industrial rolls, and more particularly to covers for industrial rolls.
  • Cylindrical rolls are utilized in a number of industrial applications, especially those relating to papermaking. Such rolls are typically employed in demanding environments in which they can be exposed to high dynamic loads and temperatures and aggressive or corrosive chemical agents. As an example, in a typical paper mill, rolls are used not only for transporting a fibrous web sheet between processing stations, but also, in the case of press section and calender rolls, for processing the web sheet itself into paper.
  • rolls used in papermaking are constructed with the location within the papermaking machine in mind, as rolls residing in different positions within the papermaking machines are required to perform different functions.
  • many papermaking rolls include a polymeric cover that surrounds the circumferential surface of a typically metallic core.
  • the cover designer can provide the roll with different performance characteristics as the papermaking application demands.
  • repairing, regrinding or replacing a cover over a metallic roll can be considerably less expensive than the replacement of an entire metallic roll.
  • Exemplary polymeric materials for covers include natural rubber, synthetic rubbers such as neoprene, styrene-butadiene (SBR), nitrile rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene (“CSPE” - also known under the trade name HYPALON® from DuPont), EDPM (the name given to an ethylene-propylene terpolymer formed of ethylene-propylene diene monomer), polyurethane, thermoset composites, and thermoplastic composites.
  • synthetic rubbers such as neoprene, styrene-butadiene (SBR), nitrile rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene (“CSPE” - also known under the trade name HYPALON® from DuPont), EDPM (the name given to an ethylene-propylene terpolymer formed of ethylene-propylene diene monomer), polyurethane, thermoset composites, and thermoplastic composites.
  • SBR styrene-
  • the roll cover will include at least two distinct layers: a base layer that overlies the core and provides a bond thereto; and a topstock layer that overlies and bonds to the base layer and serves the outer surface of the roll (some rolls will also include an intermediate "tie-in" layer sandwiched by the base and top stock layers).
  • the layers for these materials are typically selected to provide the cover with a prescribed set of physical properties for operation. These can include the requisite strength, elastic modulus, and resistance to elevated temperature, water and harsh chemicals to withstand the papermaking environment.
  • covers are typically designed to have a predetermined surface hardness that is appropriate for the process they are to perform, and they typically require that the paper sheet "release" from the cover without damage to the paper sheet.
  • the cover should be abrasion- and wear-resistant.
  • Some rolls are present as "nip" rolls, wherein two or more rolls are positioned such that they form a "nip” through which a web can pass.
  • Such rolls are often found, for example, in the press section of a papermaking machine.
  • the rolls press against the web at a prescribed pressure in order to advance processing.
  • the rolls can apply pressure unevenly on the web. Uneven pressure application can result from many circumstances, including (a) the cover of one or more rolls being slightly “out of round", (b) one roll being mounted so that its axis is not parallel to that of its mating roll, or (c) increased localized wear on one of the roll covers.
  • One system includes a flexible strip on which are mounted multiple pressure sensors that can be placed between the rolls and provide pressure and/or temperature readings ⁇ see, e.g. ,U.S. Patent No. 5,953,230 to Moore).
  • Another system employs sensors that are embedded in the roll cover itself and provide signals to an external processor ⁇ see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,699,729 to Moschel et al.).
  • each of these systems include electric or electronic communications equipment and data that may require processing, maintenance and the like and that may malfunction or interfere with operations. As such, it would be desirable to provide an alternative system for detecting pressure and/or temperature levels and distribution in rolls.
  • the present invention can provide rolls and polymeric roll covers therefore that are able indicate levels of pressure and/or temperature present in the cover without the need for additional or external devices.
  • a roll includes a substantially cylindrical core and a cover overlying the core.
  • the cover includes at least one layer (typically the top stock layer) that comprises a mixture of a polymeric material and at least one of a piezochromic material and a thermochromic material. In this configuration, the pressure and/or temperature experienced by the roll cover at any location thereon can be determined visually, without the need for external equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a cutaway perspective view of an industrial roll and roll cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a section view taken through lines 2—2 of Figure 1.
  • a papermaking roll designated broadly at 10, is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the roll 10 includes in overlying relationship a core 12 (typically metallic), an adhesive layer 14, and a cover 16. Each of these components is discussed in greater detail hereinbelow.
  • the core 12 is a substantially cylindrical, hollow structure typically formed of steel,some other metal, or even a composite material.
  • the core 12 is typically between about 1.5 and 400 inches in length and 1 and 70 inches in diameter, with lengths between about 100 and 400 inches and diameters of between about 20 and 70 inches being preferred. At these preferred length and diameter ranges, the core 12 typically has walls between about 1 and 5 inches in thickness. Components such as journals and bearings (not shown) are typically included on the core 12 to facilitate its mounting and rotation in a papermaking machine.
  • the surface of the core 12 may be treated by blasting, sanding, sandblasting, or the like to prepare the surface for bonding to the adhesive layer 14.
  • the adhesive layer 14 comprises an adhesive (typically an epoxy adhesive) that can attach the core 12 to the cover 16.
  • the adhesive comprising the adhesive layer 14 should be chosen to be compatible with the materials of the core 12 and the base layer 18 of the cover 16 (i.e., it should provide a high- integrity bond between these structures without unduly harming either material); preferably, the bond has a tensile bond strength of between about 1,200 and 5,000 psi.
  • the adhesive may have additives, such as curing agents, that facilitate curing and physical properties. Exemplary adhesives include Chemlok 220X and Chemlok 205, which are epoxy adhesives available from Lord Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina.
  • the adhesive layer 14 can be applied to the core 12 in any manner known to be suitable to those skilled in this art for applying a thin layer of material. Exemplary application techniques include spraying, brushing, immersion, scraping, and the like. It is preferred that, if a solvent-based adhesive is used, the adhesive layer 14 be applied such that the solvent can evaporate prior to the application of the cover 16 in order to reduce the occurrence of trapped solvent that can cause "blows" during the curing process. Those skilled in this art will appreciate that the adhesive layer 14 may comprise multiple coats of adhesive, which may comprise different adhesives; for example, two different epoxy adhesives with slightly different properties may be employed. It should also be noted that, in some embodiments, the adhesive layer may be omitted entirely, such that the cover 16 is bonded directly to the core 12.
  • the cover 16 comprises, in overlying relationship, a base layer 18 and a top stock layer 22.
  • the base layer 18 is adhered to the adhesive layer 14.
  • the base layer 18 comprises a polymeric compound (preferably an elastomeric compound) that typically includes fillers and other additives.
  • Exemplary elastomeric compounds include polyurethane, natural rubber and synthetic rubbers such as SBR, EPDM, CSPE, nitrile rubber, neoprene, isoprene, silicone, and fluoroelastomers, and blends and co-polymers thereof, including blends with polyvinylchloride (PNC).
  • An exemplary polymeric material that may be suitable for use in the base layer is epoxy. Additional monomers and monomer coagents, such as trimethyl propane trimethacrylate and 1, 3 butylene glycol dimethacrylate, may also be added to the base layer 18 to enhance polymerization.
  • Fillers are typically added to the base layer 18 to modify the physical properties of the compound and/or to reduce its cost.
  • Exemplary filler materials include inorganic oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), carbon black (also known as furnace black), silicates such as clays, talc, woUastonite (CaSiO 3 ), magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ), anhydrous aluminum silicate, and feldspar (KAlSi 3 O 8 ), sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, metallic powders such as aluminum, iron, copper, stainless steel, or nickel, carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCo 3 ) and magnesium carbonate (MgCo 3 ), mica, silica (natural, fumed, hydrated, anhydrous or precipitated), and nitrides and carb
  • the base layer 18 may optionally include other additives, such as polymerization initiators, activators and accelerators, curing or vulcanizing agents, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants and antiozonants, coupling agents, pigments, and the like, that can facilitate processing and enhance physical properties.
  • additives such as polymerization initiators, activators and accelerators, curing or vulcanizing agents, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants and antiozonants, coupling agents, pigments, and the like, that can facilitate processing and enhance physical properties.
  • additives such as polymerization initiators, activators and accelerators, curing or vulcanizing agents, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants and antiozonants, coupling agents, pigments, and the like.
  • the base layer 18 can be applied by any manner known to those skilled in this art to be suitable for the application of polymers to an underlying surface.
  • the base layer 18 is applied through an extrusion process in which strips of the base layer 18 are extruded through an extrusion die, then, while still warm, are overlaid over the adhesive layer 14 as it is still somewhat tacky.
  • the base layer strips are preferably between about 0.030 and 0.125 inches in thickness and are applied in an overlapping manner, with the result that total thickness of the base layer 18 is typically between about 0.0625 and 0.25 inches.
  • the base layer 18 may be omitted such that the topstock layer 22 is adhered directly to the adhesive layer 14 or, in the absence of an adhesive layer, to the core 12.
  • the topstock layer 22 overlies and, unless one or more tie-in layers are included as described below, is adhered to the base layer 18.
  • the topstock layer 22 comprises a polymeric compound that typically includes fillers and other additives.
  • Exemplary elastomeric compounds for the topstock layer 22 include polyurethane, natural rubber and synthetic rubbers such as SBR, EPDM, CSPE, nitrile rubber, neoprene, isoprene, silicone, and fluoroelastomers, and blends and co-polymers thereof, including blends with polyvinylchloride (PNC).
  • Other exemplary polymeric compounds include epoxies.
  • thermochromic compositions within the polymeric formulation.
  • a "thermochromic composition” is a substance that changes color when subjected to different levels of temperature or heat, either reversibly or irreversibly.
  • Exemplary thermochromic compositions include those that comprise an electron-donating component, an acidic material and an organic medium or solvent (see, e.g., U.S. Patent ⁇ os. 4,666,949 to Shimizu et al., 5,688,592 to Shibahashi et al.), those including an electron-donative color former, an electron-accepting developer and a color change temperature controlling agent ⁇ see, e.g., U.S. Patent No.
  • liquid crystals such as chiral nematic cholesteric, biphenyl and related liquid crystals ⁇ see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,194,183 to Munch et al. and 5,690,857 to Osterried et al.).
  • piezochromic composition is a substance that changes color when subjected to different levels of pressure, either reversibly or irreversibly.
  • exemplary piezochromic compositions include: 9-(p-nitrophenylphenylmethylene)xanthene, diflavine, dehydrodianthrone, hexaphenylbiimidazolyl, tetraphenylvinyl dimer, phthalocyanine-cobalt complex and hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives, spiropyranthiopyrans and spirobenzopyranoxadiazoline derivatives, both of which are commonly referred to briefly as spiropyrans ⁇ see U.S. Patent No.
  • Piezochromic materials are preferably included in an amount of between about 0.001 and 10 parts (more preferably between about 0.01 and 5 parts) by weight to 100 parts polymer of the topstock layer 22, and preferably provide an identifiable color change at a pressure of between about 1,450 and 15,000 psi (more preferably between about 2,000 and 10,000 psi).
  • Thermochromic materials are preferably included in an amount of between about 0.001 and 10 parts (more preferably between about 0.01 and 5 parts)by weight to 100 parts polymer of the topstock layer 22, and preferably provide an identifiable color change at a temperature of between about 40 and 180 degrees C (more preferably between about 70 and 160 degrees C).
  • a topstock layer 22 may include both piezochromic and thermochromic materials, but these should be selected so that their color change characteristics are compatible with one another.
  • the piezochromic and/or thermochromic materials are microencapsulated prior to inclusion in the topstock layer 22. It is also preferred that these materials be generally homogenously distributed on the surface of the topstock layer 22, if not throughout the topstock layer 22, in order to provide a more accurate indication of the pressure and/or temperature being experienced by the cover 16.
  • the topstock layer 22 typically also includes fillers that are added to modify and enhance the physical and processing properties and/or to reduce the cost of the topstock layer 22.
  • Exemplary fillers include silicone dioxide, carbon black, clay, and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as well as others set forth hereinabove in connection with the base layer 18.
  • fillers are included in an amount of between about 3 and 70 percent by weight of the topstock layer 22.
  • the fillers can take virtually any form, including powder, pellet, bead, fiber, sphere, or the like.
  • the topstock layer 22 also typically includes other additives, such as polymerization initiators, activators and accelerators, curing or vulcanizing agents, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, coupling agents, pigments, and the like, that can facilitate processing and enhance physical properties.
  • additives such as polymerization initiators, activators and accelerators, curing or vulcanizing agents, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, coupling agents, pigments, and the like, that can facilitate processing and enhance physical properties.
  • the top stock layer 22 can be applied over the base layer 18 by any technique known to those skilled in this art to be suitable for the application of elastomeric materials over a cylindrical surface.
  • the components of the topstock layer 22 are mixed separately, then blended in a mill.
  • the blended material is transferred from the mill to an extruder, which extrudes feed strips of top stock material onto the base layer 18.
  • the top stock layer 22 is applied such that it is between about 1 and 2.5 inches in thickness (at higher thickness, multiple passes of material may be required). It is also preferred that the thickness of the top stock layer 22 be between about 50 and 75 percent of the total cover thickness (i.e., the total thickness of the combined base and top stock layers 18, 22).
  • either or both of the base and top stock layers 18, 22 can be applied through the overlaying of calendered sheets of material.
  • the elastomeric compounds of the base layer 18 and the top stock 22 may be selected such that the base layer 18 has a higher hardness value than the top stock layer 22.
  • the base layer 18 may have a hardness of between about 5 and 15 P&J
  • the top stock layer 22 may have a hardness of between about 170 and 230 P&J.
  • the graduated modulus concept can reduce the bond line shear stresses that can occur due to mismatches of the elastic properties (such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio) of the various layers in the cover constructions. This reduction in interface shear stress can be important in maintaining cover integrity.
  • the roll 10 may be constructed with a tie-in layer sandwiched between the base layer 18 and the top stock layer 22, such that the tie- in layer would directly underlie the top stock layer 22.
  • the typical properties of a tie-in layer are well-known to those skilled in this art and need not be described in detail herein.
  • the roll 10 is then cured, typically in an autoclave, for a suitable curing period (generally between about 16 and 30 hours). After curing, it is preferred that any crust that has developed is skimmed from the surface of the top stock layer 22, and that the top stock layer 22 is ground for dimensional correctness.
  • Roll covers formed of the compositions described above can be employed in nip rolls or other roll positions within papermaking machines or other devices.
  • the roll cover due to the presence of a thermochromic and/or piezochromic composition therein, can provide information about the temperature and/or pressure experienced by the roll cover.
  • undesirable circumstances such as uneven application of pressure, misalignment or miscrowning of nip rolls, improper roll profile, overloading of the roll beyond a preselected limit, the presence of "hot spots" in the cover, localized wear, or the like, can be discerned visually during operation.
  • photographs can be taken of the cover and compared to other photographs taken later in time to determine whether processing conditions have changed. Any of these techniques may be preferable to the use of external devices, particularly in locations of a machine that are difficult to access.
  • the cover may include a tie-in or other intermediate layer that comprises a thermochromic or piezochromic material, and the top stock layer is transparent to permit the visual examination of the intermediate layer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

Un cylindre industriel comprend: un noyau sensiblement cylindrique et une enveloppe recouvrant la couche adhésive. Cette enveloppe comprend une couche supérieure en polymère. Cette couche supérieure comprend un mélange de matériau polymère et au moins un matériau piezochromique et un matériau thermochromique. Dans cet agencement, la pression et/ou la température enregistrée par cette enveloppe de cylindre à n'importe quel endroit de celui-ci peuvent être déterminées visuellement, sans l'aide d'un matériel externe.
EP03726335A 2002-04-18 2003-04-17 Cylindre avec enveloppe indicatrice de contrainte et de temperature Withdrawn EP1494848A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37356802P 2002-04-18 2002-04-18
US373568P 2002-04-18
DE10312464A DE10312464A1 (de) 2003-03-20 2003-03-20 Zusammensetzung zur Herstellung eines Duroplasten mit thermochromen Eigenschaften
DE10312464 2003-03-20
PCT/US2003/011953 WO2003089227A1 (fr) 2002-04-18 2003-04-17 Cylindre avec enveloppe indicatrice de contrainte et de temperature

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1494848A1 true EP1494848A1 (fr) 2005-01-12

Family

ID=29251792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03726335A Withdrawn EP1494848A1 (fr) 2002-04-18 2003-04-17 Cylindre avec enveloppe indicatrice de contrainte et de temperature

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1494848A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003228575A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0309273A (fr)
CA (1) CA2480010A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA04010175A (fr)
NO (1) NO20043936L (fr)
WO (1) WO2003089227A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1723208A1 (fr) * 2004-03-12 2006-11-22 Sun Chemical Corporation Systemes piezochromiques reversibles
US20070252115A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Arehart Kelly D Thermochromic elastic articles
DE102007017791A1 (de) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Komposit mit inversen thermochromen Eigenschaften, dieses enthaltender Verbundwerkstoff sowie dessen Verwendung
DE102007061513A1 (de) 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dotierkapseln, diese enthaltende Verbundsysteme sowie deren Verwendung
AR076210A1 (es) 2009-04-07 2011-05-26 Bank Of Canada Elemento de seguridad piezocromico
DE102009035363A1 (de) 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Piezochromes Material, piezochromer Verbundwerkstoff und piezochromer Sensor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5922996A (en) * 1994-09-27 1999-07-13 Rizzo Development Corp. Electrical insulated cable having means for indicating malfunctions
DE19757185B4 (de) * 1997-12-22 2005-05-25 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Elastischer Belag für eine Kalanderwalze, damit versehene Kalanderwalze und deren Anwendung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03089227A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2480010A1 (fr) 2003-10-30
BR0309273A (pt) 2005-02-22
MXPA04010175A (es) 2005-02-03
AU2003228575A1 (en) 2003-11-03
WO2003089227A1 (fr) 2003-10-30
NO20043936L (no) 2004-09-20

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