EP1496810A2 - Procede et appareil de gestion de procedures de laser subclinique avec suivi intra-operatoire de changements electrophysiologiques - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de gestion de procedures de laser subclinique avec suivi intra-operatoire de changements electrophysiologiques

Info

Publication number
EP1496810A2
EP1496810A2 EP03723833A EP03723833A EP1496810A2 EP 1496810 A2 EP1496810 A2 EP 1496810A2 EP 03723833 A EP03723833 A EP 03723833A EP 03723833 A EP03723833 A EP 03723833A EP 1496810 A2 EP1496810 A2 EP 1496810A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
treatment
threshold
retina
sub
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03723833A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1496810A4 (fr
Inventor
Benedetto Falsini
Giorgio Dorin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iridex Corp
Original Assignee
Iridex Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/121,951 external-priority patent/US6733490B1/en
Application filed by Iridex Corp filed Critical Iridex Corp
Publication of EP1496810A2 publication Critical patent/EP1496810A2/fr
Publication of EP1496810A4 publication Critical patent/EP1496810A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/398—Electrooculography [EOG], e.g. detecting nystagmus; Electroretinography [ERG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00821—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for coagulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00863—Retina
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00885—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for treating a particular disease
    • A61F2009/00891—Glaucoma

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for performing minimally invasive ocular laser treatments, and more particularly to an ophthalmic laser device configured for activating localized photothermal and/or photochemical processes while affected electrophysiological functions are maintained without exceeding pre-settable thresholds of change.
  • pathologies of the eye that cause some form of visual impairment up to and including blindness.
  • a number of pathologies are currently treated with lasers such as glaucoma and retinal disorders.
  • Retinal disorders treatable with laser include diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, central serous retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  • AMD age-related macular degeneration
  • Diabetic retinopathy represents the major cause of severe vision loss (SVL) for people up to 65 years of age, while AMD represents the major cause of SVL in people over 65 years of age. More than 32,000 Americans are blinded from diabetic retinopathy alone, with an estimated 300,000 diabetics at risk of becoming blind. The incidence of AMD in the USA is currently estimated at 2 million new cases per year, of which 1.8 million are with the "dry” form and 200,000 are with the "wet” form, also defined as choroidal neovascularization (CNN). C ⁇ N causes subretinal hemorrhage, exudates and fibrosis, any of which can lead to SNL and legal blindness.
  • CNN choroidal neovascularization
  • Laser P.C. has become the standard treatment for a number of retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, central serous retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion and CNN.
  • Laser P.C. is a photo-thermal process, in which heat is produced by the absorption of laser energy by targeted tissues, for the purpose of inducing a thermal "therapeutic damage", which causes biological reactions and, ultimately, beneficial effects.
  • Conventional retinal P.C. relies on some visible "blanching" of the retina as the treatment endpoint and can be defined as Ophthalmoscopically Visible Endpoint Photocoagulation (or ONEP) treatment.
  • the retina Since the retina is substantially transparent to most wavelengths used in laser P.C, its “blanching" is not caused directly by the laser. Visible “blanching” is the sign that the normal transparency of the retina has been thermally damaged by the conduction of heat generated underneath the retina in laser absorbing chromophores (i.e. melanin) contained in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and in choroidal. melanocytes.
  • chromophores i.e. melanin
  • the thermal gradient or elevation can be controlled by the laser (i) irradiance (power density), (ii) exposure time and/or (iii) wavelength.
  • High thermal elevations are normally created with current OVEP clinical protocols that aim to produce visible endpoints ranging from intense retinal whitening (full thickness retinal burn) to barely visible retinal changes.
  • Using the endpoint of visible retinal blanching is a practical way to assess the laser treatment, but it also constitutes disadvantageous and unnecessary retinal damage, which in turn results in a number of undesirable adverse complications including some vision loss, decreased contrast sensitivity and reduced visual fields in a substantial number of patients.
  • MIP minimum intensity photocoagulation
  • TTT transpupillary thermotherapy
  • ElectroRetinoGram can be spontaneous or elicited by flickering light stimulation and non-invasively detected and recorded through skin electrodes.
  • the FERG has proven to be a sensitive indicator of macular cone system dysfunction in different retinal degenerative diseases (Seiple et al., 1986; Falsini et al., 1996), including age-related macular degeneration (Sandberg et al., 1993; Falsini et al., 1998).
  • the FERG signals generated by flicker stimulation can be recorded and evaluated in terms of reliability and statistical robustness by steady-state, frequency-domain analysis techniques (Porciatti et al., 1989; Falsini et al., 2000).
  • steady-state, frequency-domain analysis techniques Porciatti et al., 1989; Falsini et al., 2000.
  • real-time retrieval and analysis of the responses to a set of stimulus parameters can be employed in a clinical setting to evaluate macular dysfunction (Seiple et al., 1993; Falsini et al., 2000).
  • FERG signals To gather information from FERG signals a discrete Fourier analysis (Fadda et al., 1989) is performed on the average signal of multiple FERG responses to isolate the FERG fundamental harmonic. Amplitude (in microvolts) and phase (in degrees) can then be determined. Standard errors of the amplitude and phase estimates, derived from the block averages, are then calculated to determine response reliability. Averaging and Fourier analysis is also performed on signals sampled asynchronously from the temporal frequency of the stimulus, to derive an estimate of the background noise at the fundamental component. These FERG signals could be used to determine changes to the overlying neurosensory retina by monitoring the signal responses before treatment at a baseline level and then during treatment. Changes in electrophysiological signals would indicate changes to the patient's retina caused by laser treatment.
  • NOVEP treatments by the ophthalmic community could be facilitated and accelerated if new user-friendly laser devices were available to allow the safe and consistent administration of NOVEP treatments.
  • MIP treatment protocols would potentially be administered early in the course of the disease with better outcomes and would become the new standard-of-care. It is proposed by this patent that a method and apparatus utilizing intra- operative monitoring of electro-physiological changes would allow a laser surgeon to more easily perform NOVEP treatments. Accordingly, there is a need for FERG recorded through the use of electrodes in order to provide the real time monitoring of intra-operative electrophysiological functional changes from baseline.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system, and its method of use, that uses FERG recorded through the use of electrodes in order to provide the real time monitoring of intra-operative electrophysiological functional changes from baseline.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system, and its method of use, for performing clinically effective NOVEP laser treatment with the minimum possible thermal damage to the overlying neurosensory retina by monitoring FERG signals before, during, and after treatment.
  • Sensors are located on a patient to measure focal electroretinograms (FERG).
  • FERG focal electroretinograms
  • a stimulating beam is delivered onto the patient's retina.
  • a pre-treatment FERG signal is collected.
  • Treatment FERG signals are collected while treating the retina with a sub-threshold laser treatment.
  • a difference is determined between the baseline and treatment FERG signals. The difference is used to control the termination of the treatment.
  • a method of monitoring and controlling the sub-threshold laser treatment of a retina locates electrode sensors on a patient to measure FERGs.
  • a stimulating beam is delivered onto the patient's retina.
  • a pre-treatment FERG signal is collected.
  • Treatment FERG signals are collected while treating the retina with a sub-threshold laser treatment.
  • a difference is between the pre-treatment and treatment FERG signals. The difference is used by a physician to control a termination of the treatment.
  • a system for monitoring and controlling the sub-threshold laser treatment of a patient's retina includes at least two sensors to measure FERGs.
  • a laser delivery system includes a laser treatment beam, an aiming beam, and a stimulating beam, each co-aligned onto the retina. Resources convert the FERG signal changes into parameters to control the laser for an optimum sub-threshold treatment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention that illustrates a system for monitoring and controlling the sub-threshold laser treatment of a patient's retina.
  • Figures 2(a) and 2(b) are graphical illustrations that show representative FERGs before treatment (baseline), during treatment (TTT) and after treatment (recovery).
  • the present invention provides systems, and their method of use, for performing minimally invasive ocular laser treatments under real time monitoring and control of treatments that have sub-clinical (invisible) effects through the change of evoked electro- retinal potentials.
  • the present invention provides ophthalmic laser devices, and their methods of use, that are configured for activating localized photothermal and photochemical processes while affected electrophysiological functions are maintained without exceeding pre-settable thresholds of change.
  • an ophthalmic laser device of the present invention is configured to activate localized photothermal and . photochemical processes while affected electrophysiological functions are monitored to prevent exceeding pre-settable thresholds of change.
  • the present invention provides a device for performing minimally invasive laser treatments that are capable of inducing beneficial therapeutic effects through laser induced sub-clinical effects. These sub-clinical effects are not ophthalmoscopically visible to the surgeon but can be revealed by the change of electrophysiological functions detectable during the treatment through FERG signals. FERG signal changes from baseline can be used for manual or automatic intra-operative control of the laser irradiation.
  • a system 10 for monitoring and controlling the sub-threshold laser treatment of a patient's retina provides a treatment beam 12 and an aiming beam 14 from a laser delivery system 16 that are delivered to one eye of a patient 18.
  • Suitable treatment laser delivery systems 16 include but are not limited to argon, dye, Nd:YAG, NdNanadate, Alexandrite, Krypton, and the like.
  • the system of the present invention is configured to administer sub- visible-threshold treatments while providing a flickering FERG stimulus and a FERG feedback signal proportional to the actual level of sub-clinical thermal damage. This signal can be used (i) as a perceptible (acoustic or visible) signal to guide the physician to the treatment endpoint, or (ii) employed for the automatic control of the intensity and the duration of the laser delivery system 16 emission.
  • Aiming beam 14 is combined with treatment beam 12 by laser delivery system 16 to be coaxial so that they are delivered to the exact same spot on the retina of patient 18.
  • the FERG stimulus is developed by adapting aiming beam 14 of laser delivery system 16 and consists of a spot of flickering light.
  • the flickering light can have a frequency from 5 to 120 Hz.
  • the flickering light can be generated by an LED.
  • the LED can have a peak wavelength of 630 nm and a mean luminance of approx 100 cd/m2), square- wave modulated at 41 Hz (modulation depth approx. 90%, 50% duty cycle).
  • aiming beam sources include but are not limited to, red LEDs, red laser diodes, tungsten with red filters, and generally any visible light source, which can be seen by the physician while wearing laser treatment glasses (which usually stop green and/or blue light).
  • Aiming beam 14 need not be the same as the excitation or stimulation flicker.
  • Aiming beam 14 can be any visible wavelength provided that it is collinear with the treatment beam 12, and the flicker source can be any visible wavelength at all, including simple white light.
  • Aiming beam 14, irrespective of wavelength, can be used as a flicker source.
  • aiming beam 14 can be delivered and viewed through any ocular lens, including but not limited to a standard Goldmann-type lens in Maxwellian view. It will be appreciated that other delivery and viewing lenses can also be utilized.
  • a stimulus field size of treatment beam 12 can be from 10 to 30 degrees in diameter and centered on a fovea by visual inspection.
  • a large, for example 60 degrees, light adapting background can be kept at the same mean luminance as the stimulus and utilized to minimize stray-light.
  • FERG recording, acquisition and analysis is performed by electrodes
  • Retinal signals can be recorded with any sensors, including but not limited to disposable non-corneal electrodes and/or electrodes integrated onto corneal contact lenses.
  • a first electrode 20 monitors the signal from the treatment eye.
  • a second electrode 20 monitors the signal from the normal untreated eye.
  • a third electrode 20 monitors a reference signal. In one specific embodiment, the reference signal is on the forehead between the eyes.
  • the differential signal (treated eye signal minus the untreated eye signal) is then amplified 22, filtered 22 and digitized 24.
  • Figures 2(a) and 2(b) illustrates examples of FERGS signals generated by two different patients who were treated with a TTT protocol of the present invention.
  • Signal amplitude and phase values are recorded at the different experimental times, with an average temporal resolution of 18-sec.
  • Noise amplitude is represented by a rectangular box displayed in the amplitude plot indicating the minimum-maximum range.
  • FERG amplitude decreased from baseline values during TTT in both patients and recovered to pre-treatment values over 60 sec when TTT was stopped. As illustrated, patients 2 and 10 had the largest and smallest recorded signal-to-noise ratios, respectively.
  • Blocks of events with various numbers of individual FERG responses are averaged 24 with rejection of single sweeps exceeding a threshold voltage in order to minimize noise coming from blinks or eye movements.
  • a discrete Fourier analysis 24 can be performed in order to isolate the FERG fundamental harmonic, whose amplitude, in microvolts, and phase, in degrees, are determined.
  • a "baseline" FERG is recorded.
  • Response amplitude and phase data for all measurements are calculated and the data can be stored on disk for further off-line analysis and/or for patient records.
  • the laser treatment is then started.
  • FERG signals are recorded ("TTT" FERG). Individual blocks of the treatment FERG are statistically compared to the baseline FERG. Relative amplitude and phase changes are analyzed and correlated to the total estimated amount of hyperthermia delivered during the treatment. These signals are used as feedback to the physician by audible, visual and other like indictors 26, and output the progress and status of treatment. Alternatively, the feedback can be used to control the treatment parameters to drive, the treatment to a successful completion automatically.
  • Recovery FERGs After the treatment, FERG signals are recorded ("Recovery" FERGs).
  • the Recovery FERGs are compared to the baseline or pre-treatment FERGS to confirm that there was no permanent change, or damage, to the retina.
  • the Recovery FERGs can be stored on disk, paper 30, and the like, for further off-line analysis and/or for patient records.
  • Intra-operative FERG monitoring is used to assess non-invasively functional damage to neurosensory retina during treatment and offers a quantitative approach to determine an optimal laser dose protocol.
  • the methods and systems of the present invention minimize functional damage to the retina by indicating current treatment status to the user by audio/visual feedback 26, a display 28 and/or a printed display 30 ( Figure 1). Later analysis of the relationship between FERG changes and treatment parameters will help to understand and optimize how local hyperthermia acts in vivo on the function of degenerated AMD retinas. This helps the refinement and optimization of the clinical application of the laser treatment technique.
  • the real-time TERG monitoring methods and systems of the present invention can be used to control the intensity and duration of laser delivery during treatment applications.
  • the characteristics, including but not limited to amplitude and/or phase of the electrical responses derived from FERG changes during the treatment exposure are recorded in real-time from the neurosensory retina, and can provide the input variables to generate a real- time feedback signal that is proportional to the amount of induced change.
  • the feedback signal, filtered through adjustable thresholds can be made available in various ways (i.e. as an acoustic tone, with an optical display, a head's up display, as well as any audio or visible indicator, in a slit lamp delivery system) to guide the physician during the sub- visible-fhreshold treatment to ensure that the appropriate level of hyperthermia is delivered to each patient.
  • An acceptable level of the FERG signal can be defined and the laser will automatically turn off if the signal goes beyond this threshold level.
  • the same feedback signal can be optionally used for the automatic control of the intensity of the laser emission to maintain a certain threshold signal while the treating physician controls the length of the treatment (total dosage).
  • the feedback signal can automatically end the treatment once the desired dosage is reached, while maintaining the laser emission within the same (or different) intensity threshold as above.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de suivi et de gestion de traitement laser infraliminaire de la rétine d'un patient. Des capteurs disposés sur un patient mesurent les électrorétinogrammes focaux (ERGF). Un faisceau de stimulation est envoyé sur la rétine du patient. Un signal ERGF de prétraitement est collecté. Les signaux ERGF sont collectés tout en traitant la rétine par un traitement laser infraliminaire. On détermine une différence entre le prétraitement et les signaux ERGF. La différence est utilisée afin de gérer la fin du traitement.
EP03723833A 2002-04-12 2003-03-25 Procede et appareil de gestion de procedures de laser subclinique avec suivi intra-operatoire de changements electrophysiologiques Withdrawn EP1496810A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121951 1987-11-18
US10/121,951 US6733490B1 (en) 2001-04-12 2002-04-12 Method and apparatus for controlling sub-clinical laser procedures with intra-operative monitoring of electrophysiological changes
PCT/US2003/009293 WO2003086322A2 (fr) 2002-04-12 2003-03-25 Procede et appareil de gestion de procedures de laser subclinique avec suivi intra-operatoire de changements electrophysiologiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1496810A2 true EP1496810A2 (fr) 2005-01-19
EP1496810A4 EP1496810A4 (fr) 2006-04-19

Family

ID=29248312

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03723833A Withdrawn EP1496810A4 (fr) 2002-04-12 2003-03-25 Procede et appareil de gestion de procedures de laser subclinique avec suivi intra-operatoire de changements electrophysiologiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1496810A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003230742A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003086322A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7771417B2 (en) * 2005-02-24 2010-08-10 Iridex Corporation Laser system with short pulse characteristics and its methods of use
JP5308305B2 (ja) * 2009-10-20 2013-10-09 株式会社トーメーコーポレーション 網膜電位測定装置
AU2015277050A1 (en) 2014-06-19 2017-01-05 Visumedics, Inc. Diagnostic and surgical laser device utilizing a visible laser diode
EP3368154B1 (fr) 2015-10-27 2020-10-14 Visumedics Inc. Système laser à modulation d'impulsion
FI129056B (en) * 2019-05-31 2021-06-15 Aalto Univ Foundation Sr METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING CHANGES IN THE RETENTAL AND / OR BRAIN TEMPERATURE

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8909491D0 (en) * 1989-04-26 1989-06-14 Glynn Christopher J Device for real-time monitoring of human or animal bodily functions
US5233373A (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-08-03 Peters Daniel R System and method for projecting an image (such as an ERG pattern) significantly anterior to the posterior retina
US5382987A (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-01-17 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Device for ERG spectral perimetry
WO2001026591A1 (fr) * 1999-10-14 2001-04-19 Iridex Corporation Utilisation therapeutique d'une photocoagulation laser a impulsions longues en combinaison avec d'autres modalites de traitement
EP1299057A2 (fr) * 2000-04-27 2003-04-09 Iridex Corporation Procede et appareil de detection, de commande et d'enregistrement en temps reel de lesions laser therapeutiques sub-cliniques lors d'une photocoagulation laser oculaire
DE10047237A1 (de) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-11 Physoptics Opto Electronic Gmb System zur Aufnahme des Netzhautreflexbildes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003230742A8 (en) 2003-10-27
WO2003086322A2 (fr) 2003-10-23
AU2003230742A1 (en) 2003-10-27
WO2003086322A3 (fr) 2004-03-25
EP1496810A4 (fr) 2006-04-19

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