Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
  • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
  • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D7/00—Collecting the newly-spun products
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wick consisting of a plurality of filaments based on glass fibers.
• the wick can be in the form of a coil called a roving or roving.
• Rovings have various destinations. Regarding composite materials, rovings are the reinforcement of plastics. The processes for implementing fiberglass rovings are very varied. Among these processes, we can cite:
• Fabrics and other heavy reinforcements based on rovings are mainly used for the manufacture of parts in composite material which can be very mechanically stressed. They find application in parts used statically, such as insulated box panels for refrigerated trucks, or in parts used dynamically such as wind turbine blades which undergo strong vibratory oscillations.
• thermoplastic extrusion which consists in manufacturing granules of thermoplastic material containing so-called long fibers, the continuous fibers being introduced into an extruder and coated with the plastic material at the extruder outlet to be cut into granules. This process makes it possible to obtain reinforced parts for automobile construction.
• the filament winding consisting in winding under constant tension a reinforcement of continuous fibers impregnated with resin on a rotating mandrel of suitable shape to obtain after polymerization a hollow body of revolution such as a pipe.
• the invention relates more particularly to wicks for the purpose of manufacturing reinforcements from rovings of which the wick titer currently reaches 1200 tex or more with a filament diameter of 12 ⁇ m or more.
• the title of the wick varies in proportion to the square of the diameter of the filaments and in proportion to the number of filaments constituting it.
• the titer of a wick constitutes a factor of its mechanical resistance, while the diameter of the filaments influences the aptitude for the curvature of the wire or the wick and consequently on the flexibility of the fabric which can be obtained.
• Rovings are obtained either directly from filaments from a die and gathered under it in a single wound wick (they are called direct rovings), or indirectly from threads which come from primary coils called cakes and which are assembled to constitute a final wick of desired title (they are called assembled rovings).
• the maximum number of filaments constituting a wick of direct roving is limited by the number of holes in the die from which flow the glass threads forming, after mechanical drawing, said filaments.
• the number of filaments is strictly equal to the number of holes in the die. This number of holes does not currently exceed around 4000, or even 4500, which makes it possible to obtain direct rovings, for example of 1200 tex / 12 ⁇ m, 2400 tex / 17 ⁇ m, or 4800 tex / 24 ⁇ m, or even 9600 tex / 33 ⁇ m. It is conventional to express the diameter of the filaments and the number of filaments as whole numbers.
• the number of die holes as well as the number of filaments of the wick according to a round number of hundreds (for example a wick of 4024 filaments will be called 4000 filaments).
• the round number may differ from a few tens of the exact number.
• the diameter of the filaments this is a nominal value, expressed conventionally by an integer number of micrometers. It generally differs by less than 0.5 ⁇ m from the average value of the diameter of all the filaments making up the wick.
• the title of a roving wick can be increased by increasing the diameter of the filaments and / or their number.
• the increase in diameter is the most obvious to achieve but is not always desirable for reasons of poorer curvature of the wick which generates more difficult weaving and leads to lower quality products.
• the weaving is frequently interrupted by filaments which break, the fabric is often defective taking into account the requirements of flatness and regularity of the dynamic applications in particular.
• the glass surface offered in contact with the impregnation resin is less, the glass-resin adhesion is therefore less good and the mechanical performance of the composite is lower. For these reasons, certain professions have established standards which limit the admissible filament diameter to 17 ⁇ .
• the wicks today have titers of up to 4800 tex; for reasons of productivity and size of parts, we also want to increase the titer, but the increase in the diameter of the filaments causes discomfort in the use of such wicks, the filaments breaking and forming sorts of thorns which d on the one hand itch and injure the operators and on the other hand dirty the resin which permeates the reinforcement. For this reason, the transformers require in this case that the diameter of the filaments does not exceed 24 ⁇ m, some even requiring that this diameter does not exceed 19 ⁇ m.
• the increase in the number of filaments is achieved either by the association of several wicks from a plurality of cakes, which does not simplify the manufacture and rather contributes to an increase in costs, or by the association of several wicks of filaments coming from several dies and grouped on the same winder, which is not without generating a concern for yield due to the statistical increase in the number of breaks in the overall wick by the dependence of a plurality of dies.
• the inventors have demonstrated that the association of a plurality of wicks has drawbacks which could be prohibitive as regards the quality of the reel sold and of the product manufactured from the reel. So, for the combination of several wicks of cakes, the coil obtained has loops on its edge which is not suitable in terms of quality of presentation for sale, and these loops may cause tangling of the wick during reeling during weaving for example.
• the association of filaments from a plurality of dies even if the reel obtained does not have any apparent defects, when unwinding the strands of filaments tend to separate, one then will be pulled more than the other ( or others) during weaving, for example. This tension inequality will adversely affect the flatness of the fabric which will be curled, the fabric will not be able, among other things, to be properly impregnated with resin and this will result in weakened mechanical properties for the composite material.
• the invention therefore aims to provide a wick based on glass fibers which has a higher or identical titer than those existing on the market without being accompanied by an increase in the diameter of the filaments, while retaining at least a quality equivalent (in particular during its implementation), and retaining simplicity in its manufacture.
• the wick is characterized by the ratio - which is greater than 9, where ⁇ ⁇ is the title of the wick in tex and ⁇ is the diameter of the filaments constituting the wick in ⁇ m.
• the wick comes from a single die.
• the wick is in the form of a roving wound directly under the die.
• the wick comprises at least 6000 filaments, its titer being greater than 1200 tex, and the diameter of each filament being greater than
• the wick has about 8000 filaments each about 17 ⁇ m in diameter and has a titer of 4800 tex.
• This type of wick is particularly suitable for the manufacture of unidirectional or multiaxial reinforcements, used in particular for wind turbine blades. Indeed, the diameter of the filaments remains identical to that existing on the market of 17 ⁇ m for the blades of wind turbines; weaving is thus not made more difficult. And the titer is advantageously higher than that existing, of 2400 tex for a diameter of 17 ⁇ m, leading to a heavier reinforcement.
• the wick comprises approximately 8000 filaments each of approximately 24 ⁇ m in diameter and has a titer of 9600 tex.
• the wick is appreciated for the production of profiled parts of great length and of reduced section by the pultrusion process.
• the wick comprises approximately 8000 filaments each of approximately 12 ⁇ m in diameter and has a titer of 2400 tex for the production of rods by the fine pultrusion process.
• wick of the invention can be used in the manufacture of composite materials via weaving processes, or pultrusion or extrusion or filament winding, and a particular application is for example that of wind turbine blades.
• the wick may consist entirely of glass filaments or may be composite and consist, for example, of bundled filaments of glass and of thermoplastic material.
• Such wicks are therefore obtained by increasing the number of filaments drawn from the die, which requires having dies with a higher number of holes than in the prior art.
• the device for manufacturing the wick of the invention comprises a die, the bottom of which consists of a plate provided with more than 4,500 orifices, in particular 8,000, and with a surface area greater than that of a plate currently existing. provided with more than 4500 orifices.
• - Figure 1 schematically illustrates the device for manufacturing a wick according to the invention
• - Figure 2 illustrates representative curves, according to the title of a wick, of the number of filaments of the wick as a function of the diameter of the filaments.
• the glass fiber wick 1 of the invention consists of more than 4000 filaments coming from a single die 13 as shown in FIG. 1.
• the wick 1 is wound to form a direct roving R.
• the composition of the glass is for example that of glass E.
• the die 13 is provided at the bottom with a plate 14 which is provided with a multitude of orifices 15, such as nipples, from which flows the molten glass to be drawn into a multiplicity of filaments 16.
• the number of orifices is greater than 4500, preferably is greater than 6000 and can for example reach 8000, and even exceed this number by 8000.
• the filaments are gathered in a single sheet 17 which comes into contact with a coating device 20 intended to coat each filament with a size of the aqueous or anhydrous type.
• the device 20 may consist of a tank permanently supplied with a sizing bath and a rotating roller, the lower part of which is constantly immersed in the bath. This roller is permanently covered with a sizing film which is removed in passing by the filaments 16 sliding on its surface.
• the ply 17 then converges towards an assembly device 21 where the different filaments are combined to give rise to the wick 1.
• the assembly device 21 can be constituted by a simple grooved pulley or by a plate provided with a notch .
• the drawing speed is conventionally between 10 and 60 meters per second.
• the bottom plate 14 is therefore designed with more than 4500 orifices, here 8000, to form 8000 filaments.
• the increase in the number of filaments thus supplied compared to the number existing in the state of the art which does not exceed no 4500 is of real interest.
• a fabric to be impregnated with resin will show better resistance to fatigue in its dynamic use when the surface of contact of the resin with the glass filaments is greater.
• this contact intimacy for an identical size of a wick of 4800 tex, is increased with a constitution of 8000 filaments of 17 ⁇ m in diameter instead of 4000 filaments of 24 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the contact privacy multiplier is approximately 1.4 when going from 4000 to 8000 filaments.
• Such a wick of 8000 filaments of 17 ⁇ m in diameter having a titer of 4800 tex will find its application in particular in the manufacture of unidirectional and multiaxial reinforcements for the reinforcement of wind turbine blades.
• f is the number of filaments, ⁇ the title, and ⁇ the diameter in ⁇ m, 490 being a multiplying factor integrating the density of the glass.
• wick of the invention comprising more than 4,500 filaments can also be used.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a series of curves expressing, according to the title of the wick, the number of filaments as a function of the diameter of the filaments. Has been traced the right of
• wicks with a titer of 600 or 900 tex for example, the diameter of the filaments of which do not exceed 8 or 10 ⁇ m respectively.
• the invention which consists in providing a wick for which -) 9 allows ⁇ to obtain new products compared to existing ones which have:
• the invention is described for a wick glass but it would also be possible to realize a fiber composite wick of Twintex ® the type constituted at the base by the glass filaments issued from the die and in which come to comêler thermoplastic material filaments .

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
• Insulated Conductors (AREA)
• Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=29226138

Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (13)

• 2002
  • 2002-05-02 FR FR0205497A patent/FR2839320B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-04-23 AU AU2003265510A patent/AU2003265510A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-23 MX MXPA04010852A patent/MXPA04010852A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-04-23 CN CNB038099144A patent/CN100480448C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-23 US US10/512,419 patent/US7416782B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-23 RU RU2004135107/12A patent/RU2314370C2/ru active
  • 2003-04-23 JP JP2004501678A patent/JP2005529047A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-04-23 EP EP03740655A patent/EP1499763B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-23 AT AT03740655T patent/ATE364100T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-23 DE DE60314245T patent/DE60314245D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-23 BR BRPI0309530-4A patent/BR0309530B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2003-04-23 KR KR10-2004-7017385A patent/KR20040108761A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-04-23 WO PCT/FR2003/001281 patent/WO2003093545A1/fr not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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