Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
  • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
  • B60R13/0815—Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
  • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a panel for a vehicle.
• the present invention relates particularly to a panel for a vehicle formed from sound absorption materials.
• the present invention relates more particularly, to a composite panel formed from sound absorbent materials that may include protective features for use in vehicle trim panels and headliners.
• the panels used in a vehicle cabin generally require the proper combination of sound absorbing characteristics, thickness, hardness, density and airflow resistance to absorb and attenuate sound in a desired manner.
• Sound is energy in the form of waves of air pressure that are carried through the air and can be absorbed and attenuated, or reflected by various materials.
• a foam-like material will attenuate sound through viscous losses and a fibrous material will attenuate sound through the kinetic energy dissipation created by movement of the fibers.
• Some materials utilize a combination of both viscous and mechanical losses.
• Trim panels utilized in the vehicle cabins are typically manufactured with a barrier adhesive film or other form of barrier which laminates a substrate material and a fabric or other material.
• the interface formed by the adhesive film barrier in addition to holding the several materials together also prevents staining of the panel due to activities of the occupants of the vehicle such as smoking.
• this barrier layer tends to limit the panel's acoustic properties and tends to reflect sound rather than absorb sound.
• such known panels typically provide for impact protection in the form of additional components on a back (e.g. outer) surface of the panel, and typically do not provide occupant protection features that are integrated within the sound absorbing features of the panels.
• a panel having sound absorbing characteristics that can be molded to a desired shape for trim in a vehicle passenger compartment and the like. It would also be desirable to provide a panel having sound absorbing characteristics in which several materials are bonded together without forming a barrier to sound waves. It would be further advantageous to provide a panel with sound absorbing characteristics and higher bending strength. It would be further advantageous to provide a method of manufacturing a sound absorbing panel which allows the fabric layer to be bonded to a substrate layer during the molding process. It would be further advantageous to provide a sound absorbing panel that uses a porous adhesive to bind or otherwise couple the components of the panel. It would be further advantageous to provide a panel having sound absorbing characteristics that include occupant safety features integrated therein.
• a sound absorbing panel comprising a sheet composed of an elastomer binding agent and fibers.
• the sheet has a first side and a second side with each of the first and second side including a scrim layer.
• a fabric layer is bound to one of the first side and second side of the sheet with a porous adhesive.
• a sound absorbing panel comprising a sheet composed of an elastomer binding agent and fibers.
• the sheet has a first side and a second side with one of the first and second side including a scrim layer.
• the other of the first and second side includes a barrier layer.
• a fabric layer is bound to one of the first side and the second side of the sheet having the scrim layer with a porous adhesive.
• a sound absorbing panel comprising a sheet composed of an elastomer binding agent and fibers.
• the sheet has a first side and a second side with one of the first side and second side including a first scrim layer.
• the other side of the first and second side includes a barrier layer.
• a second scrim layer is bound to the barrier layer.
• a fabric layer is bound to the side of the sheet having the first scrim layer by a porous adhesive.
• a substrate for a sound absorbing panel, the substrate having an acoustic absorptive inner portion and an acoustic flow-resistive outer portion having a first layer on a first side of the inner portion and a second layer on a second side of the inner portion.
• the inner portion may include a foam material or a fibrous material and each outer portion may include a structural material having a weight generally in the range of about 200 to 1000 grams per square meter.
• a sound absorbing panel for a vehicle and includes a composite structure having a core portion and a first outer layer and a second outer layer.
• the core portion includes at least one of a sound absorbing material, an airbag device and an impact cushion material.
• a composite panel for a vehicle having an acoustic absorptive layer and at least one acoustic flow resistive layer, where the acoustic absorptive layer is one of a vertically lapped fibrous mat and a sheet comprising a plurality of cojoined beads.
• a headliner panel for a vehicle having a first layer comprising an acoustic flow resistive material coupled to a second layer comprising an acoustic absorptive layer coupled to a third layer comprising an acoustic flow resistive material, where the acoustic flow resistive material provides a plurality of air passages adapted to attenuate sound.
• the method comprises the steps of providing a substrate board composed of an elastomer binding agent and fibers, with the substrate board having a first side and a second side. Providing a fabric layer having a porous adhesive. Placing a scrim layer on the first side of the substrate board. Placing the fabric layer on the first side of the substrate board. Applying heat to the substrate board/fabric layer combination, wherein the fabric layer is bound to the substrate board. The substrate board/fabric layer combination is placed in a three-dimensional forming tool having two mating members wherein the sound absorbing panel is formed. Another embodiment of the method includes the step of placing a second scrim layer on the second side of the substrate board. A further embodiment of the method includes the step of placing a barrier layer on the second side of the substrate board and placing a second scrim layer on the barrier layer.
• the method comprises the steps of providing a substrate board (or sheet) composed of an elastomer binding agent and fiber, with the substrate board having a first side and a second side. Providing a film adhesive layer. Placing the film adhesive layer on the first side of the substrate board. Moving the substrate board/film adhesive layer combination through a hot roll process at a pre-selected speed, temperature and pressure, wherein the film adhesive layer is bonded to the substrate and becomes an open, porous adhesive layer. Another embodiment of the method includes applying a web adhesive to the substrate board prior to moving through the roller.
• FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art panel.
• FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a three-layer substrate for a sound absorbing panel.
• FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a three-layer substrate for a sound absorbing panel having an occupant protective feature.
• FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a three-layer substrate for a sound absorbing panel having another occupant protective feature.
• FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel having a substrate sheet without a barrier layer.
• FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel with a substrate and a barrier layer on a second side of the substrate sheet.
• FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel with a barrier layer on a second side of the substrate sheet and a second scrim layer bound to the barrier layer.
• FIGURE 8 is a schematic illustration of a manufacturing method wherein the substrate board/fabric layer move through a heater and then into a three dimensional forming tool having two mating members to form a headliner- type sound absorbing panel.
• FIGURE 9 is a schematic illustration of a prior art manufacturing process of a panel prior to the forming step.
• FIGURE 10 is an illustration of a method of manufacturing an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel having a bevel cut edge.
• FIGURE 1 1 a is a partial cross-sectional diagram of a prior art panel illustrating the fibers extending from the edge of the panel sheet.
• FIGURE 1 1 b is a partial cross-sectional diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel after being processed by the method and apparatus illustrated in FIGURE1 0.
• FIGURE 1 2 is a graph illustrating the sound attenuation performance enhancement of an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel in accord with the invention.
• FIGURE 13 is a graph illustrating the sound attenuation performance enhancement of another exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel in accord with the invention.
• FIGURE 14 is a graph illustrating the sound attenuation performance enhancement of a further exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel in accord with the invention.
• FIGURE 1 illustrates a cross-section of a prior art panel.
• a film barrier adhesive 32 typically non porous, bound a fabric 26 to a substrate 1 2 to form the panel.
• the combination also typically had a scrim layer 24 bound to the sheet 1 2 on the side opposite the side having the fabric layer.
• Sound absorbing substrate 50 includes a combination of components intended to provide a lightweight panel substrate having desirable acoustic performance properties (e.g. sound absorption, etc.) while providing desirable structural performance (e.g. resistance to bending, etc.).
• Substrate 50 is shown having an inner layer (shown schematically as core portion 52) having a composition suited for adherence to the outer layer 54.
• Core portion 52 may be made of any suitable material composition and structure that has sound attenuation or sound absorbing properties.
• core portion comprises a thermo-formable foam material (e.g. polyurethane, polyethylene, etc.) having an open cell construction.
• core portion 52 comprises a fibrous material that is vertically lapped to form a lightweight web with the fibers oriented in a vertical direction (i.e. in the direction of the thickness of the core portion) such as, for example, a "fan- folded" configuration to provide improved "crushability" and permeability for sound waves.
• the core portion may comprise high-loft thermoplastic fibers (e.g.
• the core portion may comprise other fiber materials, such as glass, graphite, natural fibers or a mixture thereof.
• the core portion may also have fibers configured in any suitable form to provide a mat or layer, such as vertically lapped, horizontally lapped, cross lapped, or an extruded fiber mat (e.g. geo-textile, etc.).
• the core material may comprise beads made from polypropylene (or other suitable material) having an coating (e.g. elastomer, adhesive, etc.) that adheres the beads generally into a form suitable for use in the core portion (e.g. sheet, pad, cushion, mat, etc.) at a series of contact points between adjacent beads to provide a core material having air passages to provide acoustic permeability, such as Brock Foam ® or Brock Quilt ® as are commercially available from Brock USA of Boulder, Colorado.
• the core portion may be made of a latex-bound PET material.
• the core portion may be formed of any suitable material that provides the desired sound attenuation characteristics.
• substrate 50 includes an outer layer (shown schematically as a structural portion 54) according to a preferred embodiment.
• Structural portion 54 forms a composite structure with the core portion (shown schematically in FIGURE 2 as having three layers) and is provided on both a first side and a second side of core portion 52 (e.g. to "sandwich" the core portion as shown schematically in FIGURE 5) to create a three-layer substrate.
• structural portion 54 is a lightweight material referred to as Azdel SuperlightTM having a weight in a range of approximately 200 gsm to 1 000 gsm, and having acoustic flow resistance properties in the range of approximately 500 to 2500 Rayls, such as may be commercially available from AZDEL, Inc. of Shelby, North Carolina.
• the structural portion may be provided only on one side of the core portion.
• the selection of materials and the arrangement of the two outer layers and the inner layer provides a composite having suitable resistance to bending for use in panel applications for vehicles.
• Substrate 50 may be used in combination with any other suitable materials to form a sound absorbing panel, and may include any one or more of other components such as a fabric layer, scrim layer(s), and adhesive layer(s) (as shown schematically in FIGURES 5-7).
• the substrate may be used in a panel that may include a barrier film on a "back" side of the panel (e.g. on the "C" surface of a headliner panel, etc.) for applications in which impermeability requirements are desired (such as may be required by OEM specifications, etc.).
• the substrate is a sound absorbing composite material having an acoustic absorptive core and at least one structural layer of acoustic flow resistive material to provide a high degree of acoustic performance with improved bending strength and the ability to accommodate the use of a barrier film and other panel component materials.
• the core portion and the structural portion have suitable properties to permit adherence between the core portion and structural portion.
• Substrate 1 50 includes an inner layer 1 52 having an occupant protection member and an outer layer 1 54 having acoustic flow resistive and structural properties. Outer layer 1 54 is provided as previously described in reference to FIGURE 2.
• Inner layer 1 52 includes an occupant protection member (shown schematically as an inflatable airbag device 1 56) .
• Airbag device 1 56 may be configured within certain locations of substrate 1 50 corresponding to locations in which occupant protection from collisions or other impact-related events is desired, such as along the front portion of the vehicle cabin (e.g. adjacent a windshield, etc,) to provide frontal impact protection or along the sides of the vehicle cabin to provide side-impact protection or along mid-portions of the vehicle cabin to provide frontal impact protection for mid-seat or rear-seat occupants of the vehicle.
• Airbag 1 50 may be a conventional-type airbag device having suitable detection and initiation sensors and controls, and provided with conventional inflation devices such as gas canisters, actuators, igniters, gas delivery conduits, etc. as is necessary for proper detection and deployment of the airbag device during impact-related events.
• a lower portion of outer layer 1 54 may be configured for deployment of the airbag device therethrough.
• an inner surface of a lower portion of outer layer 1 54 may be scored or otherwise have "break-through” lines or other patterns (e.g. perforations, etc.) configured to provide a relatively "weakened" zone through which the airbag device may deploy, while providing a finished appearance on the outer side of outer layer 1 54 that faces the vehicle cabin.
• trim pieces e.g. bezels, covers, etc. - not shown
• Substrate 1 50 may include the airbag device in certain locations within the inner layer and a core material having acoustic absorption properties (as described in reference to FIGURE 2) may be provided in other locations of the substrate to provide a substrate having sound absorbing characteristics and occupant protective features.
• a core material having acoustic absorption properties as described in reference to FIGURE 2
• Such substrates for panels having an airbag device may also be used in combination with any other suitable materials (shown schematically in FIGURES 5-7) to provide a sound absorbing panel for a vehicle having an occupant protective feature.
• FIGURE 4 a sound absorbing substrate for a panel for a vehicle is shown according to a preferred embodiment.
• Substrate 250 includes an inner layer 252 having an occupant protection member and an outer layer 254 having acoustic flow resistive and structural properties.
• Outer layer 254 is provided as previously described for FIGURE 2.
• Inner layer 252 includes an occupant protection member (shown schematically as an impact cushioning material 256) intended to provide a cushion to reduce the rate of deceleration of an occupant's head (or other body part) in the event of an impact with that portion of the substrate.
• Cushioning material 256 may be any suitable material such as metal, glass, polymers, synthetics or organics (such as pulp, paper, cardboard, etc.), or any suitable combination thereof, and having any structural form including but not limited to porous, foamed, fibrous, composite, corrugated, etc.
• Cushioning material 256 may be configured within certain locations of inner layer 252, or may occupy all (or substantially all) of the area of inner layer 252. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, cushioning material 256 is provided in locations corresponding to areas in which occupant protection from collisions or other impact-related events is desired, such as along the front portion of the vehicle cabin (e.g. within a headliner panel adjacent a windshield, etc,) to provide frontal impact protection or along the sides of the vehicle cabin (e.g. door panels, headliner panels, etc.) to provide side-impact protection. [0041 ] Substrate 250 may include a cushion material having a composition (e.g.
• Substrate 250 may also include an airbag device (as described in reference to FIGURE 3) provided in combination with a cushion material and a sound absorbing core material in any desired pattern or arrangement to provide a sound absorbing panel having occupant protection features.
• Such substrates for panels having a cushion material may also be used in combination with any other suitable materials (shown schematically in FIGURES 5-7) to provide a sound absorbing panel for a vehicle having an occupant protective feature.
• FIGURES 5-7 there are illustrated several embodiments of a sound absorbing panel 10 having a substrate sheet 1 2 that may comprise any one of substrates 50, 1 50 or 250 (as described in reference to FIGURES 2-4) or other suitable material and can be formed in any convenient and conventional manner and dimensioned as designated by the user.
• sheet 1 2 has a first side 1 8 (e.g. a "B" side surface) and a second side 20 (e.g. a "C" side surface).
• a first scrim layer 24 may be provided on first side 1 8.
• a second scrim layer 30 may be provided on second side 20 of sheet 1 2.
• a first scrim layer may be provided on first side 1 8 and a second scrim layer may be provided on second side 20.
• Scrim layers 24 and 30 are typically a lightly woven layer of PET, cotton, linen, or the like. Scrim layers 24, 30 may be attached (e.g. bonded, adhered, fixed, etc.) to first and second sides 1 8 and 20 by an adhesive 25.
• the adhesive is a porous adhesive (e.g. powder coat, web, perforated film, etc.) sufficient to ensure a bond between scrim layers 24, 30 and surfaces 1 8, 20 of sheet 1 2.
• adhesive 25 is a porous adhesive such as PRIMACOR ® 3460 commercially available from the Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Michigan.
• Adhesive 25 may be applied to scrim layers 24, 30 or surfaces 1 8, 20 of sheet 1 2 in any suitable manner to provide a porous adhesive that maintains porosity and provides the desired acoustic absorption when the scrim layers are attached to the sheets.
• adhesive 25 is ground to a powder (e.g. approximately 30 mesh or other suitable size) and applied to scrim layers 24, 30 by scatter coating at a coating weight of approximately 1 0 grams per square meter.
• the resulting combination of the sheet 1 2, scrim layers 24 and/or 30 and porous adhesive 25 are intended to provide a composite structure that maintains porosity and provides the desired acoustic absorption by minimizing reflection of sound waves.
• the adhesive may be provided in any suitable mesh size, and applied in any suitable coating weight by any suitable method such as spraying, etc.
• the fabric layer, 26 has a porous adhesive 28 which binds the fabric layer to one of the first side 1 8 and second side 20 of substrate 1 2.
• the adhesive can be pre-applied to the fabric.
• the fabric layer 26 typically is either a non-woven needle punched thermal plastic fiber material or a knit (woven) textile with a foam backing. Such foam backing can be a polyurethane.
• the porous adhesive may be similar to adhesive 25 and can be a web, a powder coating, a rotogravure applied coated substance, melt-blown, spunbound or the like consisting of thermoplastic polymers including, but not limited, to polyolefins, modified polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyester and polyurethane.
• FIGURE 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel that has a barrier layer 32 bound to a second side 20 of sheet 1 2.
• the barrier layer can be a polymer film layer that may be a monolayer non- porous thermoplastic polymer like polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, nylon or polyurethane.
• the polymer film layer may also be a multi-layer non-porous thermal plastic polymer having two or more layers with the preferred construction being a three layer film having a center layer with a polymer having a higher melting temperature than the outside layers. For example, a polyolefin - nylon- polyolefin construction.
• FIGURE 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a sound absorbing panel that includes a second scrim layer 30 bound to barrier layer 32 on the second side 20 of sheet 1 2 of sound absorbing panel 1 0.
• FIGURE 8 illustrates a method of making a sound absorbing panel 1 0. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate board 1 6 composed of an elastomer or thermoplastic binding agent 1 4 and fibers 1 5 with the substrate (sometimes referred to as a sheet or a board) 1 6 having a first side 1 8 and a second side 20. Also providing a fabric layer 26 having a porous adhesive 28. Placing a scrim layer 24 on the first side 18 of the substrate board 1 6 (see Figs.
• the substrate board 1 6/fabric layer 26 combination is then moved by conveyor 38 to a heater 36.
• the heater can be an oven heated by hot gas, for example, hot air, or by infrared lamps.
• the heating makes the substrate board 1 6/fabric layer 26 combination malleable and the conveyor 38 moves the combination to a forming tool 34.
• the forming tool 34 is typically a three-dimensional apparatus having two mating members 35a and 35b which act upon the substrate board 1 6/fabric layer 26 combination to form the sound absorbing panel 1 0 as designed by the manufacturer.
• the illustration in FIGURE 8 is of a headliner-type panel.
• trim panels such as side panels
• configurations and applications such as door panels, garnish trim, parcel shelves, instrument panels, sun visors, or the like
• the depicted panel is an exemplary embodiment only.
• the entire sound absorbing panel 1 0 has a nominal thickness of about 2mm - 1 2mm and can vary depending on the application and design.
• the method described above can also include a step of placing a second scrim layer 30 on the second side 20 of the substrate board.
• Yet another embodiment includes a step of placing a barrier 32 on the second side 20 of the substrate board 1 6.
• With yet another embodiment including the step of placing second scrim layer 30 on the barrier layer 32 as illustrated in FIGURE 4.
• a method for making a sound absorbing panel 1 0 which includes the following steps. Providing a substrate board 1 6 composed of an elastomer binding agent 1 4 and fibers 1 5 with the substrate board 1 6 having a first side 1 8 and a second side 20. Also providing a film adhesive layer 32. Placing the film adhesive 32 on the first side 1 8 of the substrate board 1 6. The substrate board 1 6/film adhesive 32 combination is then moved to a hot roll process. The hot roll process is configured at a temperature, pressure and speed to bond the film 32 to first side 1 8 of the substrate 1 2 creating an open, porous adhesive layer on the substrate board 1 6.
• Typical values for such parameters are: Temperature should be in excess of the softening point of the adhesive (typically around 1 00° C), Roller speed can be in the range of 1 to 10 meters per minute. Pressure can be varied as required by the design of the panel.
• Another embodiment utilizes an adhesive that is a powder and is applied to the substrate board.
• a further embodiment provides a web-type adhesive applied to the substrate board 1 6 prior to processing by the nip roll process 40. Applicants believe that any of the above described processes result in a molded sound absorbing panel 10 which is more permeable and absorptive to sound. Because of the excellent flow resistance of the substrate board 1 6/fabric layer 26, the panel is able to effectively utilize an air gap (or absorber pad) behind the material to enhance absorption of sound.
• FIGURE 9 illustrates the prior art manufacturing process of a prior art panel illustrated in FIGURE 1 .
• rollers are utilized to both configure the panel as well as bind the various layers together.
• Another embodiment of the method of making the sound absorbing panel 1 0 includes the step of beveling the edge 22 of the sheet 1 2 of the sound absorbing panel 1 0.
• the fibers 1 5 in the sheet 1 2 typically extend beyond the edge 22 of the sheet 1 2.
• FIGURE 1 0 illustrates an apparatus to make a bevel cut 44 on the sound absorbing panel 1 0 as illustrated in FIGURE 1 1 b.
• the edge 22 of the sheet 1 2 of the sound absorbing panel 1 0 is beveled as the sheet 1 2 passes through a series of rollers 42.
• the end of each roller 42 pair is configured to make the bevel cut 44 as illustrated in FIGURE 10.
• Such bevel cut minimizes or eliminates the fiber 1 5 overhang at the edge 22 of the sheet 1 2.
• FIGURES 1 2, 1 3 and 14 illustrate the sound attenuation performance of exemplary embodiments of a sound absorbing panel constructed as described herein.
• Table 1 lists the random incident sound absorption measurements taken on constructs of exemplary embodiments of the sound absorbing panel and compared to an open headline composite created with a web adhesive fabric and a headliner composite created with no adhesive on the substrate board.
• Variation of sound absorption characteristics of a sound absorbing panel having a sheet composed of an elastomer binding agent and fibers and a fabric layer.
• a sound absorbing panel composed of components such as a substrate having binding agent (elastomer or thermoplastic) and fibers together with a fabric bound to the substrate by a porous adhesive, and a method for making the same.
• Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a sound absorptive panel comprising an acoustic absorptive core portion and an acoustic flow resistive layer(s).
• a further embodiment of the present invention also provides a sound absorptive panel having occupant protective features, such as, but not limited to an airbag or impact cushioning materials for a vehicle.
• a further embodiment of the present invention provides a scrim layer on one or both of a B side surface and a C side surface of a sound absorbing core material and may be adhered thereto by a porous adhesive. While the embodiments illustrated in the FIGURES and described above are presented to illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. The invention is not intended to be limited to any particular embodiment but is intended to extend to various modifications and configurations. Such modifications and configurations will be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art. [0055] The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments unless otherwise indicated.
• any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.
• Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating configuration and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions as expressed in the appended claims.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-05-07 WO PCT/US2003/014317 patent/WO2003095267A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-05-07 US US10/513,533 patent/US20050263345A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-05-07 AU AU2003230289A patent/AU2003230289A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-05-07 JP JP2004503314A patent/JP2005524558A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-05-07 EP EP03724493A patent/EP1502254A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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