EP1506347A1 - Dispositif et procede de filtrage de gaz d'echappement charges de particules - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de filtrage de gaz d'echappement charges de particulesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1506347A1 EP1506347A1 EP03755185A EP03755185A EP1506347A1 EP 1506347 A1 EP1506347 A1 EP 1506347A1 EP 03755185 A EP03755185 A EP 03755185A EP 03755185 A EP03755185 A EP 03755185A EP 1506347 A1 EP1506347 A1 EP 1506347A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- external electrode
- electrode
- filtering
- exhaust gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
- F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for filtering exhaust gases loaded with particles, in particular for motor vehicles, a filter assembly and a method for filtering exhaust gases loaded with particles.
- Document WO 00/02549 discloses a set of filtering gases charged with particles comprising an electrostatic precipitator, or electrostatic filter, with corona effect or corona discharge.
- the electrostatic filter comprises a cylindrical cage internally covered on an axial portion by a knitted fabric of metal wires.
- the cage includes two openings formed near its axial ends.
- a central rod extends axially in the cage, being held at its ends by insulators.
- the cage is maintained at zero potential, while the rod is brought to a high negative potential.
- the rod carries stars extending perpendicularly towards the cage.
- the exhaust gases enter the cage through an opening and flow axially to exit through the opposite opening.
- the central rod provided with stars and brought to a high negative potential constitutes an emissive structure making it possible to electrically charge particles carried by the exhaust gases.
- a volume surrounding the rod and the stars is ionized. Electrons are emitted and move towards the external cage, collide with particles, and possibly associate with these particles to form negatively charged particles. The particles thus charged move radially under the effect of the electric field created between the central rod and the external cage, and are trapped by the knitting of metallic wires.
- Such a device has the disadvantage that the particles are mainly negatively charged by emission of electrons and attachment of the electrons emitted with the particles circulating in a gas flow.
- the present invention relates to a filtering device allowing an improvement in the filtration of particles, and requiring a low energy input.
- the subject of the invention is also a space-saving, simple filtering device which can be obtained with a low manufacturing cost.
- the invention also relates to a filtering device allowing elimination of the filtered particles, without interrupting the filtering of the particles, and which can easily be integrated into an exhaust line of a motor vehicle.
- a filtering device for motor vehicles, the exhaust gases being charged with particles, is provided with filtering means comprising a passage for the exhaust gases, an external electrode surrounding the passage, formed by a agglomerate or a tangle of metallic fibers permeable to gases and capable of mechanically retaining particles, an internal electrode of the wired type, generally arranged along the axis of the passage, and means of electrical supply of the electrodes to establish an electric field with formation of crown discharges for electrostatic filtering of particles.
- the filtering device simultaneously allows mechanical filtering and filtering of the electrostatic type.
- the particles passing through the passage are brought to pass through the external electrode formed by an agglomerate or a tangle of metal fibers having interstices capable of trapping the particles, which allows mechanical filtering and promotes electrostatic filtering.
- the external electrode being permeable to gases, the charged particles must not migrate in a direction different from the direction of flow of the gases, but are trapped by mechanical or electrostatic filtering as they pass through the external electrode.
- the external electrode is preferably connected to an electrical ground, the internal electrode being able to be brought to a positive potential or to a negative potential.
- the external electrode comprises conductive pieces of reinforcement and electrical continuity embedded in the agglomeration of metallic fibers.
- the conductive parts are metallic and have a certain rigidity, making it possible to reinforce the external electrode.
- the conductive parts preferably extend radially and axially in the electrode while being in contact with multiple metallic fibers. The conductive parts therefore provide electrical continuity between the metal fibers, and more generally throughout the electrode.
- the device comprises means for heating the external electrode.
- the heating means of the external electrode can be conductors embedded in the external electrode and able to heat the external electrode by diffusion of heat by Joule effect.
- the heating means of the external electrode may also include means for circulating a current in the external electrode to cause heating directly of the fibers entangled by the Joule effect. It is also possible to provide heating of the matrix by induction, in particular using an induction generator.
- the internal electrode has protruding protrusions directed substantially towards the external electrode. The protruding protrusions make it possible to locally create strong gradients of electrical potential and therefore significant electric field values favoring the generation of crown discharges.
- the device comprises a collector for recovering the filtered exhaust gases surrounding the external electrode.
- the particulate-charged exhaust gases pass through the entanglement of metallic fibers forming the external electrode.
- the recovery casing makes it possible to convey the filtered exhaust gases to an exhaust outlet, or to other filtering means arranged downstream of the filtering device, on the exhaust line.
- the invention also relates to an exhaust gas filtering assembly for a motor vehicle, the exhaust gases being charged with particles, comprising a plurality of filter cells comprising a passage for the exhaust gases, an external electrode surrounding the passage formed by an agglomerate or a tangle of metal fibers permeable to gases by being able to mechanically filter the exhaust gases, an internal electrode of the wired type generally arranged along the axis of the passage, means of electrical supply of the electrodes for establish an electric field with formation of crown discharges for electrostatic filtering of the particles.
- Filter cells can be combined in parallel or in series.
- the invention also relates to a method of filtering exhaust gases for a motor vehicle, the exhaust gases being charged with particles, in which the gases are filtered mechanically and electrostatically at the same time by passage through an electrode permeable to gas formed by a tangle of metallic fibers.
- FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a filter cell according to the invention
- - Figure 2 is a view of a filter assembly comprising filter cells according to Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a view of a variant of the filtering assembly according to FIG. 2.
- a filter cell referenced 1 as a whole, comprises an intake pipe 2, a manifold 4, and a filter unit 3 between the intake pipe 2 and the manifold 4.
- the filter unit 3 comprises an external electrode 5 of generally cylindrical shape and formed by an agglomerate or an entanglement of metallic fibers.
- the external electrode 5 comprises metal cross-pieces 6 embedded in the thickness of the external electrode 5. In FIG. 1, one can see four metal cross-pieces 6.
- the metal cross-pieces 6 are distributed circumferentially and axially in the thickness of the external electrode 5 to increase its rigidity and to ensure electrical continuity of the electrode 5.
- the electrode 5 forms an axial passage 7 which it surrounds.
- the external electrode 5 comprises radial front surfaces 8, 9. An end portion 10 of the external electrode 5 situated on the side of the front face 8 is inserted into the intake pipe 2. The front face 8 comes in axial contact with a ring 11 for fixing the external electrode 5 to the intake pipe 2.
- the fixing ring 11 comprises an external surface 12 in contact with a bore 13 in the intake pipe 2.
- the ring 11 is crossed by a conductor 14 extending radially from the crown 11 and connected to the external crown 5.
- the conductor 14 electrically connects the external electrode 5 to a mass of zero potential.
- the external electrode 5 is open on the side of its front surface 8, so that the central passage 7 communicates with the intake pipe 2.
- the intake pipe 2 comprises an orifice inlet 15 on the side opposite to the external electrode 5.
- a disc 16 made of insulating material comes to bear axially by a radial surface 17 against the front surface 9 of the external electrode 5 opposite the intake pipe 2. The disc 16 axially closes the central passage 7 on the side opposite to the intake pipe 2.
- the filtering unit 3 also comprises a central electrode 18 in the form of a rod 19 coaxial with the external electrode 5 and one end of which 20 is plugged into the insulating disc 16.
- the internal electrode 18 extends axially from its end 20 beyond the fixing ring 11, being bent to form a radial portion 21 emerging radially from the intake pipe 2 through an opening 22 formed in a wall of the intake pipe 2.
- An insulator 23 is disposed in the opening 22 to electrically isolate the wall of the intake pipe 2 from the internal electrode 18.
- the radial portion 21 is electrically connected to a voltage source 24.
- the filter unit 3 comprises means for heating the external electrode 5 in the form of conductors 31, insulated or not, and arranged axially in the external electrode 5 while being embedded in the thickness of the latter.
- the conductors 31 are supplied with a view to current flow not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity.
- the collector 4 comprises a cylindrical casing 25 surrounding the portion of the external electrode 5 situated outside the intake pipe 2.
- the cylindrical casing 25 extends axially beyond the insulating disc 16.
- the casing 25 comprises an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the external electrode 5, so that there is an empty annular space 26 between the cylindrical envelope 25 and the external electrode 5.
- the collector 4 comprises a radial wall 27 connecting one end 25a of the casing 25 located on the side of the intake pipe 2 at the end of the intake pipe 2, in a leaktight manner.
- the manifold 4 is closed on the side opposite to the intake pipe 2 by a radial wall 28 provided with a central opening 29, into which an evacuation pipe 30 opens.
- the exhaust gases laden with particles enter the intake pipe 2 through the inlet 15.
- the exhaust gases laden with particles enter the central passage
- the insulating disc 16 prevents the axial passage of the exhaust gases.
- the exhaust gases are deflected radially and pass through the external electrode 5 which is permeable to gases.
- the exhaust gases pass into the annular space 26, then circulate in the manifold 4 towards the evacuation pipe 30.
- the evacuation pipe 30 can be connected to an exhaust outlet directly, or by means of different volumes of catalysts, for example of the oxidation type reduction of nitrogen oxides.
- the particulate-charged exhaust gases are mechanically filtered.
- the external electrode 5 is formed by an agglomerate or a tangle of metal wires comprising interstices capable of trapping the particles circulating in the gases.
- the filter cell 1 also allows electrostatic filtering of the gases charged with particles.
- the external electrode 5 is maintained at a zero potential, the internal electrode 18 being brought to a positive or negative potential.
- the potential difference created between the external 5 and internal 18 electrodes induces the presence of an electric field in the axial passage 7. If this electric field has a sufficient intensity, in particular in the very close vicinity of the internal electrode 18, it partial or total ionization of the gases, or medium, occurs between the internal 18 and external 5 electrodes.
- An ionized gaseous medium includes free electrons and positive ions.
- the particles present in the ionized medium combine with electrons or ions to form charged particles.
- an electronic avalanche from an electrode to the other causes collisions between electrons and particles which combine to form negatively charged particles.
- the radial circulation of the gases entrains the charged particles towards the external electrode 5.
- the charged particles passing through the external electrode 5 are trapped by the action of electrostatic forces, Nan Der Walls forces, capillary forces and electric forces.
- the crown discharges In the case of an internal electrode 18 brought to a negative potential, the crown discharges have a limited spatial propagation in the close vicinity of the central electrode 18.
- the volume of ionized gases is low.
- the electrons are torn from the molecules of the medium are repelled towards the external electrode 5.
- the predominant phenomenon is an electronic avalanche phenomenon.
- the particles present in the exhaust gases are mainly negatively charged by collision and combination with free electrons.
- the probability that an electron moving rapidly from the internal electrode 18 to the external electrode 5 hits a particle and combines with the latter is low.
- the internal electrode 18 must therefore be brought to a high potential, for example between 50 and 150 kV.
- the increase in the potential to which the internal electrode 18 is carried also has the effect of ionizing a gaseous medium in a larger volume.
- ionization of the entire volume between the internal 18 and external 5 electrodes requires considerable energy.
- the corona discharge resembles an ionization wave propagating from the internal electrode 18 towards the external electrode 5.
- the free electrons are attracted to the central electrode 18.
- a local inhomogeneity of electric field is created due to the difference in mobility between the ions and the electrons between the ionized volume and the volume portion surrounding the ionized volume.
- This inhomogeneity of electric field in the gas propagates like a wave from the internal electrode 18 towards the external electrode 5.
- Each portion of ionized volume creates a local gradient of electric field causing the ionization of the near medium surrounding the portion of volume ionized.
- the gases are ionized, that is to say that the gas is electrically neutral as a whole, but includes free electrons torn from molecules which have become positive ions.
- the ionization wave propagates to the external electrode 5. In this way, the entire volume between the internal electrode 18 and the external electrode 5 is crossed by the ionization wave.
- the path separating these two electrodes is considered to be an ohmic conductor having a certain resistivity which increases with the recombination of the electrons and ions present in the medium.
- This recombination phenomenon gradually leads to the extinction of the ionized channel.
- the central electrode 18 once the medium has recovered its insulating nature, a new ionization wave arises, thus recommencing a new cycle.
- the phenomenon of ionization wave repeating with a high frequency makes it possible to conserve an ionized medium almost permanently.
- the ionization phenomenon can be self-sustaining or maintained by acting on the potential of the internal electrode 18.
- the internal electrode 18 can be supplied by a source of continuous positive voltage, or a source of positive voltage by pulse. When powered by a positive voltage source, ionization waves are created regularly spatially and temporally but not very controllable by the external circuit. The characteristics of the environment dictate its frequency of repetition. The supply of the internal electrode 18 by a positive voltage source by pulse makes it possible to be able to apply higher-voltage amplitudes greater than continuously and to control the frequency of repetition of the phenomenon.
- An internal positive electrode 18 allows ionization of the volume between the internal electrode 18 and the external electrode 5 with a low energy input, being brought to a lower positive potential, for example between 1 kN and 50 kN.
- the internal electrode 18 of the wired type makes it possible to create, in the close vicinity of the internal electrode, a highly inhomogeneous radial electric field, that is to say with a very large variation in the amplitude of the electric field, favorable to the initiation of a crown discharge.
- the wired internal electrode 18 can have an outside diameter of between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
- a highly inhomogeneous field allows the initiation of a corona discharge and an ionization wave with a low positive potential of the internal electrode 18, with a lower energy supply.
- the difference between the potential allowing the formation of ionization waves and the potential leading to the formation of arcs between the electrodes is small.
- the use of a central electrode of the wire type makes it possible to obtain an inhomogeneous field having a gradient sufficient for the formation of ionization waves without risking the establishment of electric arcs between the internal 18 and external 5 electrodes.
- the internal electrode 18 brought to a positive potential allowing the formation of crown discharges with a low contribution of energy further decreases the risk of arcing.
- the negatively charged particles are attracted towards the internal electrode 18 where they can undergo a chemical treatment leading to their destruction.
- the positively charged particles which have combined with positive ions, are driven radially outward by the gases by electrical forces.
- a positively charged particle migrates radially outward and may become trapped in the external electrode, electrostatically and / or mechanically.
- a charged particle will settle more easily in a porosity of the agglomerate.
- a charged particle, positively or negatively, will operate an electrostatic interaction with a metal fiber connected to the ground potential. This capacitive coupling effect between the particle and the fiber consequently improves the efficiency of capture of the particles by the fibers.
- the particles are mainly negatively charged and migrate towards the outside. Particles can also be positively charged and migrate inward or outward. The more the medium between the electrodes is ionized, the more charged particles will be found. However, ionizing a large volume with an internal electrode 18 negatively charged requires a large energy. In this case too, the particles migrating inwards remain trapped, unlike a filter with radial migration and axial gas circulation. Filtering is improved.
- the combination of mechanical and electrostatic filtering of the particles circulating in the exhaust gases allows better filtering efficiency, so that the exhaust gases contain fewer particles at the outlet of the filter cell 1.
- the combination of mechanical filtering and electrostatic filtering makes it possible to use an external electrode 5 having a high porosity coefficient, so that it offers less resistance to the passage of gases. In this way, the back pressure formed by the passage of gases through the filter is less significant, and less annoying for the internal combustion engine located upstream of the filter cell 1.
- the integration of the filter cell 1 in an exhaust line of a motor vehicle is therefore facilitated.
- the heating conductors 31 passing through the external electrode 5 allow regeneration of the filter cell 1.
- the accumulation of particles trapped in the external electrode 5 leads in the long term to a reduction in the filtering efficiency.
- the temperature of the external electrode 5 is increased, causing combustion of the particles trapped in the external electrode 5.
- the heating elements are supplied with electricity, which leads to the increase in their temperature by Joule effect.
- the heating elements embedded in the external electrode 5 heat the latter.
- the external electrode 5 can be supplied directly with current to heat it by dissipation of energy by the Joule effect. To this end, a current circulation circuit will be provided through the external electrode 5.
- the rise in temperature of the external electrode 5 can be obtained using an induction heating system.
- a nickel foam can be used in the external electrode 5.
- the nickel foam allows mechanical filtering of the particles which pass through it being carried by the exhaust gases, and also serves as a catalyst between the molecular oxygen contained in the exhaust gases and hydrogen injected upstream of the filter cell 1.
- the strongly exothermic reaction between oxygen and hydrogen releases heat causing the combustion of particles and the regeneration of l '' external electrode 5.
- these particles are eliminated by reaction with chemical molecules formed during the ionization of the medium. Such elimination will be facilitated with an internal electrode 18 brought to a positive potential and allowing better ionization of the medium between the electrodes.
- the regeneration of a filter cell can be carried out periodically, according to a predetermined period of use. It is also possible to provide probes for measuring the level of particles in the exhaust gases and / or the unfiltered exhaust gases in order to determine when regeneration is necessary.
- an ionization section upstream of the cell.
- Such an ionization stage makes it possible to improve the ionization of the particles before their circulation between the internal 18 and external 5 electrodes.
- an ionization section is formed by alternating wires and plates arranged transversely to the flow of the exhaust gases.
- a filter assembly 34 comprises a distributor 35 comprising an inlet 36 intended to receive exhaust gases loaded with particles, and a plurality of outlets 37, here four in number. Each output 37 is connected to an input of a filter cell 38 of the type described above.
- the filter assembly 34 combines a plurality of filter cells 38 of small dimensions.
- a general collector 42 is connected to the outputs of the filter cells 42.
- the device comprises a control unit 39 comprising means for supplying electrical energy.
- the control unit is connected by electrical connections 40 to the internal electrodes of the ionization cells, and by electrical connections 41 to the external electrodes of the ionization cells 38.
- filter cell 38 During the regeneration of a filter cell 38, the passage of gases through the filter cell prevents rapid heating of the filter cell and its rapid regeneration.
- the use of several filter cells 38 makes it possible to isolate a filter cell, the exhaust gases continuing to flow into the other filter cells, in order to regenerate the isolated cell.
- filter cells can be combined in series to increase filtering efficiency, by successive filtering of the gases.
- a filtering assembly 34 comprises a subset 43 of cells, here two in number, associated in series, the subsets 43 themselves being associated in parallel.
- a distributor 35 comprises an inlet 36 and two outlets 37 each connected to an inlet of a sub-assembly 43.
- Each sub-assembly 43 here comprises two filter cells 38 arranged in series between an outlet of the distributor 35 and an inlet of a general collector 42.
- the filter device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain compact filter cells, of small dimensions, which facilitates the association of a plurality of filter cells with the advantages which result therefrom.
- a filtering device which combines mechanical and electrostatic filtering.
- the filtering device allows in particular the operation of an electrostatic filter with a central electrode brought to a positive potential with the formation of a strongly non-homogeneous electric field more favorable to the formation of ionization waves.
- the internal electrode brought to a positive potential allows ionization of the entire volume between the internal electrode and the external electrode.
- a internal wire electrode having a small radius of curvature, allows the formation of a strongly non-homogeneous electric field and the formation of ionization waves with weak potentials, and with a weak contribution of electrical energy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0206304 | 2002-05-23 | ||
| FR0206304A FR2839903B1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 | 2002-05-23 | Dispositif de filtrage de gaz d'echappement charges de particules, ensemble de filtrage et procede de filtrage |
| PCT/FR2003/001552 WO2003100226A1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-22 | Dispositif et procede de filtrage de gaz d'echappement charges de particules |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1506347A1 true EP1506347A1 (fr) | 2005-02-16 |
| EP1506347B1 EP1506347B1 (fr) | 2008-07-23 |
Family
ID=29415020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03755185A Expired - Lifetime EP1506347B1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-22 | Dispositif et procede de filtrage de gaz d'echappement charges de particules |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1506347B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60322381D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2839903B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003100226A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2864142B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-08-24 | Renault Sas | Systeme de filtration electrostatique pour les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne |
| CN100430577C (zh) * | 2004-07-30 | 2008-11-05 | 卡特彼勒公司 | 微粒收集器 |
| FR2880062B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-28 | 2007-04-13 | Renault Sas | Dispositif et procede de capture et d'elimination de particules agglomerees issues d'un filtre a particules de vehicule automobile |
| FR2884858B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-26 | 2007-06-15 | Renault Sas | Dispositif pour le filtrage et l'elimination des particules contenues dans des gaz d'echappement ameliorant la capture des particules |
| FR2884857B1 (fr) | 2005-04-26 | 2007-06-22 | Renault Sas | Dispositif a elements de separation par voie inertielle pour le filtrage et l'elimination de particules contenues dans des gaz d'echappement |
| FR2891006A1 (fr) | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-23 | Renault Sas | Dispositif pour le filtrage et l'elimination des particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement ameliorant la capture des particules |
| FR2915234B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-18 | 2013-08-02 | Renault Sas | Systeme de filtration electrostatique pour les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne. |
| US8747502B2 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2014-06-10 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University | Particulate matter reduction apparatus for diesel engine |
| US20240269693A1 (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-15 | Exodraft a/s | System comprising a discharge electrode assembly and an electrostatic precipitator unit comprising such a system |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4969328A (en) * | 1986-10-21 | 1990-11-13 | Kammel Refaat A | Diesel engine exhaust oxidizer |
| DE3723544A1 (de) * | 1987-07-16 | 1989-01-26 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Elektrostatischer filter zum reinigen von gasen |
| DE3805395A1 (de) * | 1988-02-20 | 1989-08-31 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Elektrostatischer dieselpartikelfilter |
| DE4223277C2 (de) * | 1992-07-15 | 2001-07-19 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Partikelentfernung aus Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen |
| WO2001000971A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-23 | 2001-01-04 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Systeme filtrant d'echappement diesel avec regeneration electrique |
| FR2798303B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-11-09 | Daniel Teboul | Dispositif de traitement d'un milieu gazeux, en particulier des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne, et vehicule equipe d'un tel dispositif |
-
2002
- 2002-05-23 FR FR0206304A patent/FR2839903B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-05-22 DE DE60322381T patent/DE60322381D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-22 EP EP03755185A patent/EP1506347B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-22 WO PCT/FR2003/001552 patent/WO2003100226A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03100226A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2839903A1 (fr) | 2003-11-28 |
| EP1506347B1 (fr) | 2008-07-23 |
| WO2003100226A1 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
| FR2839903B1 (fr) | 2005-02-25 |
| DE60322381D1 (de) | 2008-09-04 |
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