EP1508147B1 - Collecteur de courant, en particulier pour transformateur variable - Google Patents
Collecteur de courant, en particulier pour transformateur variable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1508147B1 EP1508147B1 EP03732357A EP03732357A EP1508147B1 EP 1508147 B1 EP1508147 B1 EP 1508147B1 EP 03732357 A EP03732357 A EP 03732357A EP 03732357 A EP03732357 A EP 03732357A EP 1508147 B1 EP1508147 B1 EP 1508147B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- current collector
- regulating transformer
- another
- windings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/06—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with current collector gliding or rolling on or along winding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current collector according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a variable transformer with such a current collector.
- Pantographs are known in various embodiments.
- variable transformers such as ring or column-type transformers
- specific problems may arise which result from the fact that the conventional current collectors sometimes bridge two adjacent turns. Since there is a potential difference between the windings, a short-circuit current occurs, which in turn leads to heating and causes damage (burning) of the winding.
- relatively high-resistance contacts are used, which limit the short-circuit current between the segments (turns).
- Most are the well-known Contact pieces made of carbon, because only so the comparatively high resistance of> 0.05 ⁇ can be realized. The contact pieces of carbon, however, suffer from heavy abrasion and thus high wear.
- a contact zone is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface of only one stripped turn.
- This pair of pantographs is mechanically complex conception, since the individual pantographs must be movable in the vertical direction against each other to overcome the filled with insulating material and sometimes raised intermediate pieces.
- the current collectors shown there are not practical if the turns have a small diameter of about 1 mm.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a simply constructed and inexpensive to be manufactured pantograph, which contributes to avoid excessive heating at the contact point and in which it is avoided that the gap between the contact pieces is subjected to abrasion.
- the pantograph is an essential to the invention is to make this by the two rigidly coupled electrically insulated contacts so that it rests either with two contact pieces simultaneously on a segment respectively on a turn or that he with a contact piece on the one and with the other contact piece rests on the other segment or contactlessly above the gap.
- the current collector is to be designed such that it does not sink current in any position with a single contact piece from two adjacent turns and thus causes a short circuit in the immediate vicinity of the turns. Heating with the consequences of damage is therefore excluded according to the invention.
- the pantograph on two successively and laterally offset from each other arranged contact pieces.
- the two contact zones on a common contact surface which may be curved or flat, lie, with the contact surface of the gap between two adjacent segments can be bridged.
- This feature is important so that the pantograph does not slip between the segments and possibly cause a short circuit there.
- the pantograph thus always moves as a unit in a plane and is supported by the stripped segments.
- a sufficiently good contact is ensured at each moment, so that the danger of overheating is minimized by small contact cross-sections.
- the current collector according to the invention has various advantages, which result from the fact that the heat generation is avoided because of the almost zero resistance of the current collector in the immediate vicinity of the stripped winding. This applies to the short-circuit current between two adjacent windings and also to the load current removed by the current collector. On the one hand, there is generally an increased safety of the electrical device equipped with the current collector. The safety results from the significantly lower heat load of the insulation, for example a copper enameled wire.
- variable transformer provides sufficient power for continuous operation, but sometimes it must be charged excessively for a short time. Even with such a short "overload” is given sufficient security. Overall, it is advantageous that a larger power can be taken from the variable transformers, without resulting in damage. Thus, the customer for the smaller and Decide lower-cost device whose range of performance had just not been sufficient before.
- the contact zones are each flat and lie in a common contact plane.
- the Contact pieces of the current collector can also be slightly inclined with respect to each other with their contact zones in order to ensure good running properties and optimum contact, for example, with a cylindrical winding surface.
- the contact pieces are of a similar design and are arranged one after the other in the direction of the displacement by means of an insulator.
- the current collector it is advantageous for the current collector to have two contact pieces arranged one behind the other and laterally offset from one another.
- the contact pieces are each made in one piece from metal. Brass or bronze are to be preferred because of their excellent sliding properties. Metal contacts can be made with low resistance. Finally, low-resistance contact pieces with a resistance of in particular less than 0.001 ⁇ are expedient for avoiding local heating. In contrast to contact pieces made of carbon, the abrasion in contact pieces made of metal is much lower. Also, the metal contact pieces solve the problem that the contact piece in the form of a coal roller can clamp on the axis of the pantograph and after a short time a flat surface is ground, which bridges several turns. Burning of the windings and the entire transformer due to a short circuit is thus avoided.
- the contact pieces are electrically connected to one another via a simple line path containing a defined series resistor.
- the Conductor line resistors are introduced, which are not arranged in the immediate vicinity of the winding and can easily be discharged through the heat.
- the winding is wound from a wire which has a substantially rectangular cross-section. Since there is the danger that in such a winding the parallel turns on the blanked surface short-circuit, for example by the current collector, necessarily a correspondingly wide insulating gap in the form of a joint or a gap between two adjacent turns at least in the bare surface be provided. This can be subsequently introduced, for example, by milling in the surface. But it is also possible and also advantageous to prepare the wire before winding so that the joint results automatically.
- the wire then has a defined geometry at the contact point. Because of the necessary gap or joint, the otherwise rectangular geometry of the wire must be broken in some sense, thus creating a "substantially" rectangular cross-section. It is important that the base surface and the side surfaces are arranged perpendicular to each other.
- the "rectangular" wire can be used not only in the previously described and equipped with the pantograph according to the invention variable transformers, but generally used with any variable transformers.
- a thicker wire would not provide any advantage in that while the winding temperature could be lowered, the temperature at the point of contact produced by the current collector would not decrease.
- the use of the "rectangular" wire is thus useful, in particular in connection with the current collectors according to the invention.
- the parallel turns of "square" wire which are separated from each other only by a thin layer of varnish would also be short-circuited by the current collector according to the invention in the absence of a joint. A machining or a special geometry of the wire to produce a joint is therefore imperative. This groove forming a depression, which is only slightly wider than a contact zone of the current collector, must be provided.
- the FIG. 1 shows the diagram of a variable transformer with a primary winding 1 with N 1 turns and a secondary winding 2 with N 2 turns, both of which include a common iron core 3.
- the variable transformer which may also be designed as a so-called Spartrafo, a current collector 4 for sliding sliding on a contact section 5, wherein the contact section 5 of mutually parallel and against each other by paint 6 (Fig. FIG. 2 ) insulated turns 7 of enameled copper wire of the secondary winding 2 is formed.
- the current collector 4 has two contact pieces 8a and 8b which are electrically insulated from each other by an insulator 15 and each contact the winding surface and thus the contact path 5 with a contact zone 9.
- the width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that it contacts the surface 10 of only one stripped winding 7 in each case.
- the individual windings 7 thus lie on the common winding surface and are separated from each other by the insulating gap.
- the pantograph 4 is displaceable over the contact section 5, wherein to avoid a short circuit between two adjacent turns 7, the width of a contact zone 9 of a contact piece 8 a and 8 b is smaller than the width of a gap 11 and wherein the gap 11 with the common contact surface of two contact zones of the contact pieces 8a and 8b is formed, is bridged, as in FIG. 2 is shown.
- the width of a contact zone 9 is dimensioned such that the current collector always contacts a winding 7 with at least one of the two contact zones 9 when passing over the contact section 5. How out FIG. 2 can be seen, the level of the insulator located in the gap 11, which is here formed by the paint 6, below or equal to the level of the winding surface.
- the contact pieces 8 are electrically connected to each other via a line section 12, wherein the line section 12 by the interposition of two resistive elements 13 has a defined resistance.
- the load is taken at node 14.
- FIG. 3 shows three turns of a winding which is wound with "rectangular" wire.
- the individual windings 16 are arranged abutting parallel next to each other, wherein the insulation 17, the windings 16 each separates.
- the upper edge 18 of a turn, the wire is phased, with the phase cutting through the wire and insulation.
- the phases form in cross-section triangular gaps between two adjacent turns 16.
- the columns are filled with plastic 19.
- the bare surfaces of the turns lie on a common contact surface 20.
- FIG. 4 shows three variants of wire cross sections, wherein the variant a) has a recess 21, which in adjacent turns also columns as under FIG. 3 form.
- the variant b) the upper surface of the wire is rounded, so that when juxtaposed turns symmetrical columns arise.
- the variant c) is also symmetrical and has two recesses 21.
- Such a variant can also be produced by a rolling process, wherein the insulation is abraded subsequently.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
Claims (16)
- Collecteur de courant (4), en particulier d'un transformateur de réglage, pour le déplacement par glissement sur un tronçon de contact (5), qui est formé par des segments au moins en partie dénudés, en particulier des spires (7) d'un enroulement (2), le collecteur de courant (4) présentant deux pièces de contact (8) séparées électriquement, lesquelles mettent en contact le tronçon de contact (5) à chaque fois avec une zone de contact (9), une zone de contact (9) étant dimensionnée de telle sorte qu'elle met en contact la surface de respectivement seulement un segment (7) dénudé, les deux pièces de contact (8) étant couplées de façon rigide les unes avec les autres, les deux zones de contact (9) étant situées sur une surface de contact commune et l'espacement (11) entre deux segments (7) voisins pouvant être surmonté avec la surface de contact,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) sont disposées les unes derrière les autres et de façon décalée sur le côté les unes par rapport aux autres. - Collecteur de courant selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les zones de contact (9) sont respectivement planes et se situent dans un plan de contact commun. - Collecteur de courant selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) sont conçues ave une basse impédance pour éviter un échauffement et présentent une résistance de moins de 0,01 Ω et en particulier de moins de 0,001 Ω. - Collecteur de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) sont du même type et sont disposées les unes derrières les autres dans le sens de déplacement avec l'intermédiaire d'un isolateur (15). - Collecteur de courant selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) se chevauchent dans une zone petite par rapport à la dimension d'une pièce de contact. - Collecteur de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) sont fabriquées respectivement d'une seule pièce en métal, en particulier en laiton ou en bronze. - Collecteur de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que les pièces de contact (8) sont reliées électriquement les unes aux autres par un tronçon de ligne (12), le tronçon de ligne présentant une résistance définie en particulier par l'intercalation d'un élément de résistance (13). - Transformateur de réglage comprenant un collecteur de courant (4) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et un tronçon de contact (5), qui est formé par dénudage des surfaces de spires (7) situées parallèlement entre elles et isolées les unes par rapport aux autres d'un enroulement, les surfaces des spires (7) individuelles étant situées sur une surface d'enroulement commune et étant séparées les unes des autres par un espacement (11) isolant,
caractérisé en ce que le collecteur de courant (4) est déplaçable sur le tronçon de contact (5), la largeur d'une zone de contact (9) d'une pièce de contact (8) du collecteur de courant (4) étant inférieure à la largeur d'un espacement (11) afin d'éviter un court-circuit entre deux spires (7) voisines et l'espacement (11) pouvant être recouvert avec la surface de contact commune du collecteur de courant (4) et les pièces de contact (8) étant disposées les unes derrière les autres et de façon décalée sur le côté les unes par rapport aux autres. - Transformateur de réglage selon la revendication 8,
caractérisé en ce que le collecteur de courant (4) met en contact une spire (7), lors du passage au-dessus du tronçon de contact (5), toujours avec au moins une zone de contact (9). - Transformateur de réglage selon la revendication 8 ou 9,
caractérisé en ce que le niveau d'un isolateur (6) se trouvant dans l'espacement se situe au-dessous du niveau de la surface d'enroulement. - Transformateur de réglage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, avec un tronçon de contact (5), qui est formé par dénudage des surfaces de spires (7), situées parallèlement entre elles et isolées les unes par rapport aux autres, d'un enroulement, les surfaces des spires (7) individuelles étant situées sur une surface d'enroulement commune et étant séparées les unes des autres par un espacement (11) isolant,
caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement à base de fil avec une section sensiblement rectangulaire est enroulé et en ce qu'un espacement isolant est formé par une fente ou un joint agencé parallèlement entre les spires (16), laquelle fente ou lequel joint s'étend dans sa longueur au moins sur la largeur de la surface d'enroulement dénudée. - Transformateur de réglage selon la revendication 11,
caractérisé en ce que la fente ou le joint est formé par une phase sur une arête (18), dirigée vers la surface (20) dénudée, du fil. - Transformateur de réglage selon la revendication 11,
caractérisé en ce que la fente ou le joint est formé par un évidement ou une entaille agencé le long du fil sur une arête (18) située vers la surface (20) dénudée. - Transformateur de réglage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13,
caractérisé en ce qu'une arête (18) du fil est chanfreinée, usée ou entaillée avant l'enroulement. - Transformateur de réglage selon la revendication 11,
caractérisé en ce que la fente ou le joint est fraisé(e) après l'enroulement. - Transformateur de réglage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15,
caractérisé en ce que la fente ou le joint est scellé(e) en particulier avec une masse de plastique (19).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10224246 | 2002-05-29 | ||
| DE10224246 | 2002-05-29 | ||
| DE10237367 | 2002-08-13 | ||
| DE10237367A DE10237367A1 (de) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-08-13 | Stromabnehmer insbesondere für Stelltransformator |
| PCT/EP2003/004983 WO2003100798A1 (fr) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-13 | Collecteur de courant, en particulier pour transformateur variable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1508147A1 EP1508147A1 (fr) | 2005-02-23 |
| EP1508147B1 true EP1508147B1 (fr) | 2009-12-16 |
Family
ID=29585329
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03732357A Expired - Lifetime EP1508147B1 (fr) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-13 | Collecteur de courant, en particulier pour transformateur variable |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1508147B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003240232A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003100798A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104036930A (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 电子科技大学 | 磁集成贴装磁屏蔽功率电感器 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0713880D0 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2007-08-29 | Novartis Ag | Conjugate purification |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3025452A (en) * | 1958-02-06 | 1962-03-13 | Standard Electrical Products C | Electrical apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2009013A (en) * | 1934-06-01 | 1935-07-23 | Gen Radio Co | Alternating-current apparatus |
| FR812761A (fr) * | 1935-10-30 | 1937-05-18 | Dispositif régulateur de la force électromotrice produite dans le circuit d'un autotransformateur à rapport variable | |
| FR814458A (fr) * | 1936-01-20 | 1937-06-24 | Prise de courant pour appareil comportant des éléments à des potentiels différents | |
| DE1281024B (de) * | 1964-06-26 | 1969-03-27 | Siemens Ag | Stellwicklung mit Stromabnehmeeinrichtung fuer Transformatoren |
| US3478290A (en) * | 1967-11-16 | 1969-11-11 | Gen Electric | Adjustable sliding brush transformer and method of producing a brush track therefor |
| US4189672A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1980-02-19 | Peschel Stanley G | Variable transformer method and apparatus for preventing short-circuit current flow |
-
2003
- 2003-05-13 WO PCT/EP2003/004983 patent/WO2003100798A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-05-13 AU AU2003240232A patent/AU2003240232A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-13 EP EP03732357A patent/EP1508147B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3025452A (en) * | 1958-02-06 | 1962-03-13 | Standard Electrical Products C | Electrical apparatus |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104036930A (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 电子科技大学 | 磁集成贴装磁屏蔽功率电感器 |
| CN104036930B (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-12-07 | 电子科技大学 | 磁集成贴装磁屏蔽功率电感器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1508147A1 (fr) | 2005-02-23 |
| AU2003240232A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
| WO2003100798A1 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
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