EP1536199A1 - Couche balistique en céramique - Google Patents

Couche balistique en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1536199A1
EP1536199A1 EP03027067A EP03027067A EP1536199A1 EP 1536199 A1 EP1536199 A1 EP 1536199A1 EP 03027067 A EP03027067 A EP 03027067A EP 03027067 A EP03027067 A EP 03027067A EP 1536199 A1 EP1536199 A1 EP 1536199A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
protective layer
ballistic protective
bombardment
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03027067A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1536199B1 (fr
Inventor
Bodo Benitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Priority to DE50306975T priority Critical patent/DE50306975D1/de
Priority to ES03027067T priority patent/ES2283701T3/es
Priority to EP03027067A priority patent/EP1536199B1/fr
Priority to AT03027067T priority patent/ATE358807T1/de
Priority to US10/988,735 priority patent/US20050217471A1/en
Publication of EP1536199A1 publication Critical patent/EP1536199A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1536199B1 publication Critical patent/EP1536199B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic ballistic protective layer for the protection of persons and objects, such as vehicles from fire, especially multiple fire, and other punctiform attacking mechanical loads, as well as methods for their Production.
  • a classic ballistic material is steel in specific alloy forms. These alloys withstand hit distances of about three calibers even withstand multiple fire.
  • the biggest disadvantage of such systems is the weight per unit area of the ballistic resistance class of eg approx. 70 kg / m 2 for the fire class FB 7.
  • ceramic materials have a higher ballistic protective effect in relation to the density and the weight per unit area (about 35-45 kg / m 2 ).
  • protective armor made of discrete ceramic Segments, so-called tiles, with lateral dimensions of the order of 100 mm x 100 mm to 20 mm x 20 mm. If hit, only the one hit will be hit Tile destroyed, the surrounding, decoupled by the gap between the adjacent tiles System remains largely intact. The destroyed area corresponds to the Extension of the struck tile.
  • protective armor to DE 39 40 623 consists of individual armor elements, preferably ceramic tiles, by means of an adhesive with a protective backing, for example, a high-modulus material Aramid fibers are connected.
  • the bombardment of an armor element after this is raised to the direction of impact of the projectile and falls towards the edges of the armor element.
  • the bombardment area is called Spherical surface portion or formed as a pyramid or conical surface.
  • DE 198 34 393 a consisting of a ceramic material plate element described for a ballistic protective device on at least one of its surfaces - on the side facing the shelling or on the shelling opposite side or on both sides - with individual, from each other by material webs spaced recesses is provided. This will result in a weight reduction of the protective armor reached. Also, if the pits on the the bombardment facing side, the impulse of the impinging projectile to the deflected protruding material webs and mostly destroyed. Preferred are the Wells arranged so that the stagnant webs form a grid.
  • the present invention provides a ceramic ballistic protective layer provided, which can be displayed as a large area, possibly curved component and withstand multiple hits with low hit distance. Furthermore, the concerns The present invention A process for producing such a protective layer.
  • the ceramic ballistic protective layer according to the invention points to the bombardment facing side on a closed surface, whereas the bombardment opposite surface is characterized by a segmentation of this surface extending into the interior of the protective layer, but the layer does not extend to penetrates to the opposite, the bombardment facing surface.
  • the segment structure is either by material-removing process or by material displacing method or produced by wildcards.
  • one of one Page outgoing not the layer in its entire thickness crossing segmentation obtainable in that in a running at elevated temperature process two solid interconnected layers whose thermal expansion coefficients differ are generated, so that in the subsequent cooling phase in the layer from the Material with the higher expansion coefficient cracks, which this layer in split individual segments, while the adjacent layer of the material with the lower coefficient of expansion remains crack-free.
  • the protective layer according to the invention predominantly from the aspect their use for protection against bombardment is described, the invention is not on limited to this purpose.
  • the protective layer according to the invention is also suitable to prevent other punctiform attacking mechanical loads. In the Therefore, the term "bombardment" is only an example of such description below To understand loads.
  • the protective layer 1 according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 according to claim 1 a total of about 5 to 150 mm thick.
  • the Layer on a closed surface 2 On the side facing the bombardment P, the Layer on a closed surface 2, whereas the remote from the bombardment Surface 3 is characterized by a segmentation coming from this surface extending into the interior of the protective layer 1, but the opposite, the surface 2 facing the bombardment does not penetrate. That the depth T of the columns 4, 4 ' between the individual segments 5, from which the side facing away from the bombardment 3 is formed is smaller than the thickness D of the protective layer 1.
  • the depth T of the Columns 4, 4 'between the segments 5 to be at least 0.15 mm smaller than the thickness D.
  • the entire layer, i. between the floors 6, 6 'of the columns 4, 4' and the bombardment facing surface 2 must be material with a thickness d of at least 0.15 mm stay.
  • the dimensions of the individual segments 5 are between 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm and 250 mm ⁇ 250 mm, with segments with dimensions between 10 mm x 10 mm to 150 mm x 150 mm are preferred. Larger segments are as described previously unsuitable for the Protection against multiple hits with low hit distance, while for smaller Segments of manufacturing costs increases sharply.
  • the width of the column between the individual segments is between a few microns, if the column as cracks due uneven thermal expansion or drying and in 1/10 mm Range, if they are produced by means of mechanical processing should however, do not exceed 5 mm.
  • the invention is not bound to any particular shape of the segments 5.
  • the segments are for example, square, rectangular, parallelogram, polygonal, honeycomb, circular or elliptical.
  • the segmented, the bombardment facing surface of the protective layer according to the invention is possibly on a base (so-called "backing"), which is used to catch Bullet fragments (splinters, projectile parts) and for the removal of residual energy is used.
  • backing a base
  • Bullet fragments splinters, projectile parts
  • construction and manufacture of such backings are known in the art. Suitable materials for Production of such backings are z. As metal, aramid fabric or Dyneemagelege.
  • the closed, not segmented surface of the protective layer according to the invention directly to the bombardment is exposed.
  • the bombardment facing surface of the invention ballistic protective layer may be covered with one or more further layers, for example, ceramic layers.
  • ceramic layers for example, ceramic layers.
  • such an outer layer can also be made individual tiles are produced, but this variant because of the beginning mentioned economic disadvantages is not preferred.
  • the protective layer according to the invention contains at least one ceramic material.
  • Suitable materials for protective layers according to the invention are both oxide ceramics such as aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide and non-oxide ceramics such as boron carbide, boron nitride in one of the diamond-shaped high-temperature modifications, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide (SiSiC).
  • Particularly suitable are fiber-reinforced ceramics, such as aluminum oxide reinforced alumina, silicon carbide reinforced silicon carbide (SiC / SiC), or carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C / SiC).
  • Silicon carbide reinforced with carbon fibers is particularly preferred for the production of the protective layers according to the invention, because during the siliconization-in contrast to the material shrinkage during sintering of conventional ceramics-only relatively small changes in shape occur, so that a high contour accuracy can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous in the production of free-form components, for example curved components.
  • the gaps between the segments are filled with a metal or / and a plastic or / and a ceramic material.
  • the composition of the material in the gaps differs from the material of which the segments consist, such that the gap-filling material is different from the material whose fraction of the composition of the segments exceeds 50% by volume.
  • the segments are made of siliconized ceramics, they also contain free silicon, but in a volume fraction of less than 50%.
  • a protective layer according to the invention made of siliconized ceramics they can therefore be completely or partially filled with metallic silicon between the individual segments. "Partially filled” means that the gaps are not filled in their entire volume with the appropriate material.
  • the protective layer 1 according to the invention is constructed homogeneously from one of the abovementioned materials and is provided with a segment structure by means of one of the methods according to the invention starting from the surface 3, the gaps 4, 4 'being interposed between the individual segments 5 do not extend through the entire thickness of the layer 1.
  • the layer 1 according to the invention consists of two superimposed layers A and B fixedly connected to one another. The first layer A faces the bombardment and the second layer B faces away from the bombardment.
  • Layer A has on its outwardly facing, the bombardment side facing a closed surface 2 without segmentation and column, while the outwardly facing, facing away from the bombard surface 3 of the layer B is segmented.
  • the gaps 4, 4 'delimiting the individual segments 5 extend maximally through the entire thickness of the layer B up to the interface with the layer A.
  • the layers A and B can differ in their composition.
  • layer A is provided for the side facing the bombardment is made of a fiber reinforced ceramic, while facing away from the shelling, with the Segmentation to be provided layer B of a ceramic material without fiber reinforcement or with a smaller volume fraction of reinforcing fibers.
  • the layer A facing the bombardment contains a volume fraction up to 60% of reinforcing fibers while facing away from the bombardment Layer B, the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers is at most 45%.
  • the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the layer A is less than 50% and in of layer B below 20%.
  • the volume fraction of the ceramic material in the bombardment facing away from fiber-reinforced layer B is at least 55%.
  • binders such as resins, preferably pyrolyzable Binders and optionally residues of free carbide-forming metals, e.g. when it comes to a silicified ceramic is.
  • this is the side facing away from the bombardment provided layer B of a material with a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the material from which the side facing the bombardment is made Layer A is constructed.
  • the layers with the different thermal Expansion coefficients are in a process occurring at elevated temperature generated.
  • cracks form in the layer with the larger expansion coefficient, which divide this layer into segments. The cracks extend through the maximum entire thickness of the layer B to the interface with the layer A, which in turn free of cracks remains and for the shelling facing side is provided.
  • layers A and B are made of carbon fiber reinforced, carbonizable molding compositions, wherein the fiber content in the layer A is higher than in the Layer B. Is this reinforced to varying degrees with fibers Layers A and B are then infiltrated with liquid silicon, so The conversion to silicon carbide in layers A and B is different Degrees. The lower the fiber content, the higher the degree of siliconization and the Conversion to silicon carbide.
  • the layers A, which are siliconized to varying degrees, and B differ in their coefficients of thermal expansion. Because of the higher degree of siliconization, the thermal expansion of the layer B is greater, so that form cracks on cooling, which leads to a segmentation of this layer, while the Layer A remains closed. The crack formation can be determined by the degree of siliconation or Controlling the degree of conversion.
  • the fiber reinforcement of the ceramic matrix can penetrate through into the molding compound in the desired Amount introduced short fibers are obtained.
  • the segmentation of the layer according to the invention is carried out either on a suitable Intermediate stage of the manufacturing process or as a final process step.
  • the segment structure on the surface facing away from the bombardment is, for example, by Material-removing processes such as milling, sawing, grinding, erosion, burn-out, laser beam cutting, Water jet cutting or similar produced.
  • Material-removing processes such as milling, sawing, grinding, erosion, burn-out, laser beam cutting, Water jet cutting or similar produced.
  • By means of one of these methods is on the side facing away from the bombardment according to the desired segment structure Material removed so that individual islands of material - the segments 5 - stop, between which narrow gaps 4, 4 ', from which the material has been removed, extend.
  • These Processes are applied when the ceramic body has already solidified, ie e.g. after drying or after sintering of the green body.
  • the material-removing structuring takes place either before or after the siliconization.
  • the Un-silicided starting material is easier and easier to use work as the final silicized product.
  • one has happened before the silicization Segmentation has the disadvantage that in the subsequent infiltration with liquid Silicon also at least partially fill the gaps between the segments with silicon can.
  • This disadvantage is avoided if the columns are silicided by placeholders, For example, leachable materials are filled and blocked according to the Silicifying be removed.
  • the finished silicided product is structured on one side, for example, mean erosion or laser beam cutting.
  • a segment structure according to the invention is by material-displacing methods such as impressing, impressing or pressing the segment structure into the bombardment remote surface, for example by means of a correspondingly structured stamp or pressing tool available.
  • Another material displacing suitable for the production of a segment structure Method is the cutting, in which the surface facing away from the bombardment by Cutting is segmented.
  • Another method for segmenting the surface facing away from the bombardment consists in placing placeholders in this surface, if the ceramic material is still is malleable. These placeholders are poured, for example, into the surface, inserted or pressed in. The placeholders are placed in the surface in such a pattern, which corresponds to the course of the column between the segments to be produced. Preferably, bar-shaped placeholders are used, which are a grid, for example an orthogonal Grid, form. If the material has assumed a solidified state, the placeholders are replaced by leaving indentations in the surface away. For example, the placeholders after drying the ceramic Materials removed. Subsequently, the ceramic material is sintered. The sintering process is with a certain, to the extent of the composition of the ceramic Materials dependent shrinkage. This advantageously reduces the Width of the columns 4, 4 '.
  • the placeholders consist of a sacrificial material, i. H. a dissolvable or chemically or thermally decomposable, for example pyrolyzable or combustible material and are used during one of the subsequent steps of the Manufacturing process, such as a thermal treatment or treatment removed with a solvent from the solidified material.
  • a sacrificial material i. H. a dissolvable or chemically or thermally decomposable, for example pyrolyzable or combustible material
  • a thermal treatment or treatment removed with a solvent from the solidified material such as a thermal treatment or treatment removed with a solvent from the solidified material.
  • Placeholder of a virtually residue-free pyrolyzable material such as polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate or polymethylmethacrylimide in the zu introduced segmenting surface.
  • These placeholders are used during sintering pyrolyzed, leaving in the surface recesses back.
  • Material-removing, material displacing and based on the use of wildcards Segmentation processes are both for the production of protective layers according to the invention with homogeneous structure according to Figures 1 to 3 and for the production two-layer protective layers of Figure 4 applicable.
  • the layer B which is provided for the side facing away from the bombardment, with one of the aforementioned methods, so that a segment structure is obtained.
  • two-layer protective layers according to the invention with a To provide one-sided segmentation is applicable when exposed to elevated temperature two successive layers A and layer B with different thermal Allow expansion coefficients to be generated.
  • the side facing the shelling provided layer A has the smaller coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • Will one Protective layer according to the invention thus constructed after a thermal treatment step, For example, after sintering or after siliconizing, cooled, so form in the Layer B of the material with the higher expansion coefficient cracks, which this Divide the layer into segments.
  • the cracks traverse the layer B up to the maximum Interface to the layer A, which in turn thanks to their lower thermal expansion remains free of cracks.
  • a ballistic protective layer according to the invention obtained, the surface facing the bombardment is closed while the Shield remote surface into individual, limited by the cracks segments structured is.
  • the one-sided cracking is caused for example by the fact that the green body is heated more strongly during drying from one side than from the other.
  • the protective layer according to the invention is suitable for the protection of persons, driving and Aircraft and other objects from shelling even in the case of multiple fire with small hit distance, or other types of point-attacking mechanical Burden. Another application of the protective layer according to the invention relates to Protection of satellites from mechanical destruction.
  • a grid-shaped web system is introduced. This is in one Distance of about 1 mm above the bottom of the mold fixed.
  • the webs that make up the grid is, have a distance of about 20 mm from each other, have a height of approx. 20 mm and form an orthogonal grid.
  • the wall of the webs has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • a sinterable ceramic mass is poured.
  • the distance between the grid and the bottom of the mold is an independent leveling of the liquid mass instead.
  • After drying leave at a temperature above 80 ° C remove the webs.
  • the resulting green body has a closed on one side Surface, whereas the opposite surface with a segmentation having a pattern corresponding to the web system.
  • Such green bodies can be sintered in a known manner. Due to the shrinkage of the Material during sintering reduces the width of the column, which occurs when removing the web system have remained, advantageously in the range of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
  • the mold is prepared and filled as in Example 1, but the web system is made a residue-free pyrolysable material, which after drying first in the Green body remains and in the subsequent high-temperature process completely is pyrolyzed while column 4, 4 ', which enclose segments 5 leaves.
  • a sinterable ceramic mass is placed in a mold and made into a green body pre-dried. Subsequently, a corresponding segmentation by impressing a Pattern, for example by means of a lattice-shaped pressing tool or Stamp, or introduced by cutting. The resulting segmentation permeates not the opposite surface.
  • a prepared green body is in sintered in a known manner.
  • a porous body of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) with a Total thickness of 8 mm is cut on one side with a cutter so that the cuts form a latticed pattern.
  • the cutting depth is a maximum of 7.5 mm.
  • the Sections are narrower than 1 mm. The sections were orthogonal in each case 20 mm distance introduced to each other.
  • the sections were then filled with boron nitride (hexagonal modification) and the porous body of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) is infiltrated with liquid silicon in inert atmosphere or under inert gas.
  • the Boron nitride filling in the gaps prevents them from filling with silicon.
  • This Boron nitride acts during the silicification process as a placeholder, which subsequently is removed by washing.
  • An approximately 4 mm high layer of short fiber reinforced carbonizable molding compound with a Volume fraction of 50% carbon fibers is introduced into a mold (layer A).
  • the first layer (layer A) has a thickness of about 1 to 1.5 mm, the entire compact has one Height of about 14 mm. It is then carbonized at about 900 ° C.
  • the molding compositions of the two layers are due to their different fiber content converted to silicon carbide to varying degrees in subsequent siliconization.
  • the molding compound with the higher fiber content, the degree of conversion is lower forms a closed layer A, which is provided for the side facing the bombardment.
  • the layer B Because of the higher thermal expansion coefficient of the higher silicided material in The layer B is formed during cooling in this layer to form cracks, which propagate across this layer to the interface with layer A.
  • the by the Crack pattern segmented surface of layer B is for the side facing away from the bombardment intended.
  • one of two carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layers A and B produced with different degrees of siliconation existing protective layer in the second layer (layer B), the fibers are in the form of a felt Carbon fibers present.
  • one of two carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layers A and B produced with different degrees of siliconation existing protective layer.
  • the molding compound used for the preparation of the layer B contains none Carbon fibers, but cellulose fibers, which in the carbonization of the molding material also be carbonized.
  • a shaped body is produced and hardened.
  • these moldings are at a distance of 15 mm orthogonal to each other arranged saw cuts with a cutting width of about 0.5 mm (saw blade width) such introduced that the depth of cut is about 2 mm lower than the component thickness. The saw blade the opposite side is thus not broken.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
EP03027067A 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Couche balistique en céramique Expired - Lifetime EP1536199B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50306975T DE50306975D1 (de) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Keramische ballistische Schutzschicht
ES03027067T ES2283701T3 (es) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Capa de ceramica de proteccion balistica.
EP03027067A EP1536199B1 (fr) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Couche balistique en céramique
AT03027067T ATE358807T1 (de) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Keramische ballistische schutzschicht
US10/988,735 US20050217471A1 (en) 2003-11-25 2004-11-15 Ceramic antiballistic layer, process for producing the layer and protective device having the layer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03027067A EP1536199B1 (fr) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Couche balistique en céramique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1536199A1 true EP1536199A1 (fr) 2005-06-01
EP1536199B1 EP1536199B1 (fr) 2007-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03027067A Expired - Lifetime EP1536199B1 (fr) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Couche balistique en céramique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050217471A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1536199B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE358807T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50306975D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2283701T3 (fr)

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CN117329927A (zh) * 2023-11-14 2024-01-02 山东宝纳新材料有限公司 一种碳化硅防弹陶瓷内衬、其制备方法及应用

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US2348130A (en) * 1941-02-07 1944-05-02 Jr Charles J Hardy Armor plating
DE3122367C1 (de) * 1981-06-05 1994-12-22 Deutsche Aerospace Wand zum Schutz gegen Hohlladungen und Wuchtgeschosse
GB2149482A (en) * 1981-08-13 1985-06-12 Harry Apprich Projectile-proof material
WO1991007632A1 (fr) * 1989-11-13 1991-05-30 Allied-Signal Inc. Blindage composite anti-balistique
DE3940623A1 (de) 1989-12-08 1991-06-13 Sst Sicherheits Und Systemtech Panzerungselement fuer eine ballistische panzerplattenanordnung
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US7617757B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2009-11-17 Composix Co. Ceramic multi-hit armor
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US7954417B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2011-06-07 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Ceramic armoring and method for the production of ceramic armoring
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ATE358807T1 (de) 2007-04-15
EP1536199B1 (fr) 2007-04-04
DE50306975D1 (de) 2007-05-16
US20050217471A1 (en) 2005-10-06
ES2283701T3 (es) 2007-11-01

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