EP1550093A1 - Detecteur de fumees - Google Patents

Detecteur de fumees

Info

Publication number
EP1550093A1
EP1550093A1 EP03769187A EP03769187A EP1550093A1 EP 1550093 A1 EP1550093 A1 EP 1550093A1 EP 03769187 A EP03769187 A EP 03769187A EP 03769187 A EP03769187 A EP 03769187A EP 1550093 A1 EP1550093 A1 EP 1550093A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke detector
smoke
image
image sensor
detector according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03769187A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1550093B1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Oppelt
Bernd Siber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1550093A1 publication Critical patent/EP1550093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1550093B1 publication Critical patent/EP1550093B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector according to the type of the independent claim.
  • a smoke detector is obtained which is implemented by a video camera or an infrared camera. It can be provided that a light source is provided in a suitable wavelength range for the image pickup, since the particle size of smoke particles is caused by light scattering from them
  • Smoke particles are detected, a corona being formed around the defined light source.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention with the features of the independent patent claim has the advantage over the fact that the image pick-up, which is housed in the smoke detector, is configured to monitor a very close area around the smoke detector and the light source can be controlled in such a way that the light source can be used by one for the Image sensor insufficient ambient light can be activated.
  • the smoke detector is configured in such a way that the smoke detector detects the strength of the ambient light on the basis of a signal from the image pickup. This makes it possible to control the light source in the event of insufficient ambient light on the basis of the evaluation of the signal from the image pickup.
  • Evaluation of the signal from the image pickup is carried out by a processor which has conventional algorithms for image evaluation.
  • an additional ambient light sensor for example a photodiode, to be present for measuring the light intensity of the ambient light.
  • the light source is then controlled as a function of this signal.
  • the image recorder is configured to observe smoke at a distance of 5 to 20 cm.
  • the 5 to 20 cm define what is considered a close distance here. This makes it possible, in particular, to replace the function of a conventional scattered-light smoke detector with the smoke detector according to the invention, which likewise only senses the immediate surroundings.
  • the image pickup is arranged in a labyrinth.
  • a light source and a photodiode are conventionally arranged in the labyrinth in order to detect scattered light from smoke.
  • An image recorder is now used to directly capture the image of the air or smoke entering.
  • the light source is then used for lighting.
  • the light source can preferably be a light emitting diode. This is a cheap embodiment, which is also available, for example, as a white light-emitting diode.
  • the smoke detector can be installed flush in a wall or in a ceiling. This ensures that it does not protrude into the room and thus does not hinder movements in the room. Furthermore, this enables an inconspicuous installation in rooms in which a smoke detector should preferably not be visible.
  • the image sensor can preferably be designed as a miniature camera. Such are available inexpensively, for example, in CMOS technology.
  • the image sensor can advantageously be attached in such a way that its field of vision is directed downwards or obliquely to the side out of a detector cover. This enables an optimal observation of the next environment.
  • the optics are adjusted so that the focus is focused about 10 cm below the cover. This is the distance where smoke is to be expected in the event of a fire and where no objects are expected due to the proximity to the ceiling. Due to the close focus point, the visible background is blurred. In the event of smoke rising in the fire, however, the appropriate setting of the optics shows the image in the vicinity of the image sensor. The depiction of fire smoke will differ significantly from the background due to the sharpness of the image, the brightness distribution, the swath movement and the contour formation. Suitable image processing routines can be used to discriminate between smoke and the background.
  • a scattered-light smoke detector which measures the intensity of scattered light from a specifically controlled light source
  • the detection of smoke takes place here via features in the image. Filters or geometric measuring chambers for masking out the effects of surrounding light sources are not required, they are automatically used to make the smoke visible. The arrangement is therefore completely independent of extraneous light.
  • the extremely high information content of an image sensor also allows additional information to be derived from the image signal. Insects, spiders, moths, which are located on the cover surface of the detector, can be classified on the basis of their image size and structure and can thus be distinguished from smoke. Objects in the sharper measuring range of the
  • Ladders, cabinets, or stacks of boxes are shown sharply and show a clearly different structure than smoke and can therefore be hidden, and a fault message can be generated via the now restricted functional area. Dust and soiling of the cover plate show significant differences compared to a reference image without soiling
  • Imager receives a corresponding image.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first block diagram of the smoke detector according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a first configuration of the smoke according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a second configuration of the smoke detector according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram about the evaluation of the images
  • FIG. 5 an image evaluation by changing the spatial frequency
  • FIG. 6 is an image evaluation of the brightness distribution as a histogram of a structure with only two brightness values
  • FIG. 7 shows a histogram of a structure with only two brightness values, the structure being overlaid with smoke.
  • Point-shaped detectors which work according to the scattered light principle, are mainly used for smoke detection. These detectors use one Measuring chamber with labyrinthine smoke inlets to exclude the influence of ambient light when measuring the very small measurement signals.
  • the basic structure of a labyrinth as a measuring chamber has the disadvantage that small insects or dust that has penetrated into the measuring chamber can occur as a size of deception.
  • the measuring chamber must be a certain distance from the
  • CMOS image recorders are available which emit digital image information which can be further processed by an image processing processor. Both the image recorder and the processor are available in miniaturized form, so that such an arrangement can be easily accommodated in a detector housing.
  • Such an image sensor can be controlled over a wide range of its exposure time, so that it can work under a wide variety of brightness conditions.
  • Types of image recorders are known which moreover have an extreme dynamic range of more than 120 dB of brightness information and can therefore also work in environments with a very high contrast range.
  • FIG. 1 shows the smoke detector according to the invention in a block diagram.
  • the smoke detector has a lens 101 as optics, which sets a focus for an image sensor 102. Typically the focus is set to 10 cm. This means that background images are blurred compared to images from this immediate environment.
  • the image pickup 102 transmits the image signal to one
  • Media processor 103 for example to an analog input, the media processor 103 then carrying out the analog-to-digital conversion with its own analog-to-digital converter. Alternatively, it is possible that the media processor 103 receives the image signal via a digital input and can thus process it immediately.
  • the media processor 103 carries out the image evaluation by means of a memory 104, typical image evaluation algorithms being used.
  • the media processor 103 searches for smoke images, but also for slow changes, with the media processor 103 using reference images for this purpose. These slow changes indicate increasing contamination and can therefore lead to a fault message. Also insects or other objects that are in the detection range of the
  • Image sensor 102 can be recognized by the image evaluation by the processor 103. In the event of such a fault message or a smoke message, this message is sent via an output module 105. This message can then be transmitted directly to signaling means such as a siren or a person, or it can be transmitted to a control center, which is then dependent on the message
  • FIG. 2 shows a first configuration of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • the smoke detector is housed in a flush-mounted ceiling 208.
  • a transparent cover 204 protects the interior of the smoke detector.
  • the cover 204 is transparent, so that observation by the smoke detector in the immediate vicinity is possible.
  • This cover 204 can optionally also be dispensed with.
  • optics 201 are provided for setting the focus area 206.
  • the image sensor 202 is arranged behind the optics 201 in order to record the images in the focus area 206.
  • the image signal is transmitted to an electronic signal processor 203, typically the media processor 103. The evaluation of the image signal then takes place there.
  • Electronics 203 is also connected via an output to an LED for lighting 205.
  • the electronics 203 activate the LED in order to provide sufficient illumination in the observation field, that is to say the focus area 206.
  • White light is usually used for this.
  • the LED 205 is then configured accordingly for infrared recording.
  • the image pickup 202 and the optics 201 are arranged obliquely, this oblique arrangement having to do purely with practical reasons of the individual arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second configuration of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • the smoke detector is housed in a flush-mounted ceiling 306 with a transparent cover 305.
  • an optical system 301 with the image sensor 302 is directed vertically downwards, in which case an LED 304 for illumination is arranged obliquely.
  • the image pickup 302 is in turn connected to an electronic system with signal processing 303, which carries out the image evaluation and controls the LED 304.
  • the LED 304 is controlled by the electronics 303 depending on the ambient light 307.
  • the arrangement is now directed vertically downwards, which simplifies assembly and manufacture of the invention
  • Smoke detector enables. Instead of one LED 304, it is also possible to use several LEDs. Instead of upgrading the image signal of the image pickup 302 for brightness monitoring, it is also possible to provide a brightness sensor, for example a photodiode. Alternatively, it is also possible for the arrangement comprising the optics 301 and the image pickup 302 to be pivotable. This is e.g. scanning possible. This can then be accomplished by an electric motor.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a flowchart the sequence of image evaluation in processor 103 or electronics 203 or 303.
  • the video or image sequence 404 is first fed to a change detection 405, which also includes the captured image or video sequence a reference image 402. It can be used to determine whether there is a change or not.
  • Texture analysis 406 examines structures of areas in the image. The structure can be used, for example, to distinguish between the surface structure of objects that are introduced into the viewing area or the structure of the diffuse background or the structure of smoke. It also helps to identify object contours and insects by recognizing edges and hard structures. The edges of objects are obtained with the help of edges and the object classification 407 allows conclusions to be drawn about the type of object. If there is a change, the change can then be identified.
  • the motion analysis 408 in connection with the object classification differentiates between movements of, for example, insects or the movement of the smoke flowing past in order to carry out a fire detection.
  • a message 410 may be issued. Furthermore, the reference data 401 is updated after the fire detection 409. If, for example, the environment changes due to a permanently inserted object in the focus area, then this is in the further area
  • Figure 6 shows the image evaluation using brightness distribution in the image. A histogram of a structure with only 2 brightness values is shown here to illustrate the effect of smoke.
  • Figure 7 shows the superposition of the structure with smoke.
  • the smoke overlays the image structure and adds gray value components. This leads to a significant reduction in the frequency of the two previously exclusively available brightness values; the gray values of the smoke also shift the brightness values on the x- The axis and the previously very steep flanks in the histogram are blurred. This demonstrates how easily smoke detection can be carried out by image evaluation.
  • a malfunction message will result. This, in turn, can be passed on directly to a signaling device that is optical or acoustic, or can be forwarded to a control center in order to initiate appropriate actions.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur de fumées qui présente un imageur (202) et une source lumineuse (205). L'imageur (202) enregistre la fumée à une distance de proximité et la source lumineuse (205) peut être activée en cas de lumière ambiante insuffisante pour l'imageur (202).
EP03769187A 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees Expired - Lifetime EP1550093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10246056 2002-10-02
DE10246056A DE10246056A1 (de) 2002-10-02 2002-10-02 Rauchmelder
PCT/DE2003/003062 WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1550093A1 true EP1550093A1 (fr) 2005-07-06
EP1550093B1 EP1550093B1 (fr) 2006-12-27

Family

ID=32038214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03769187A Expired - Lifetime EP1550093B1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060202847A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1550093B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10246056A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004032083A1 (fr)

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US7456961B2 (en) * 2005-04-14 2008-11-25 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for detecting aerosol
DE102006006419A1 (de) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-16 Gunda Electronic Gmbh Raucherkennungsvorrichtung
DE102006006420A1 (de) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-16 Gerhard Dzubiel Raucherkennungsvorrichtung
CA2993208C (fr) 2007-11-15 2021-01-26 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Detection de particules
DE102008001380A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detektionsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Detektion von Bränden entlang einer Überwachungsstrecke
DE102008001391B4 (de) 2008-04-25 2017-06-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brandmeldervorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Branddetektion
DE102008001383A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detektionsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Detektion von Bränden und/oder von Brandmerkmalen
JP5647108B2 (ja) 2008-06-10 2014-12-24 エックストラリス・テクノロジーズ・リミテッド 粒子検出システムおよび粒子検出器を用いた粒子検出方法
WO2010124347A1 (fr) 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Améliorations apportées à des détecteurs de particules
US20100296742A1 (en) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Honeywell Inernational Inc. System and method for object based post event forensics in video surveillance systems
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WO2019014112A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-17 Carrier Corporation Détecteur de danger avec indicateur d'état optique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1550093B1 (fr) 2006-12-27
US20060202847A1 (en) 2006-09-14
DE50306132D1 (de) 2007-02-08
DE10246056A1 (de) 2004-04-22
WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2004-04-15

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