EP1561832A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von sintergeharteten Teilen mit komplizierten Formen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von sintergeharteten Teilen mit komplizierten Formen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1561832A1 EP1561832A1 EP05001266A EP05001266A EP1561832A1 EP 1561832 A1 EP1561832 A1 EP 1561832A1 EP 05001266 A EP05001266 A EP 05001266A EP 05001266 A EP05001266 A EP 05001266A EP 1561832 A1 EP1561832 A1 EP 1561832A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- compact
- powder
- grinding
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention pertains to the field of metallurgy. More particularly, the invention pertains to a method of producing a material from a metallurgical powder comprised of iron, carbon, nickel, molybdenum, and a combination of chromium, copper, manganese, and silicon.
- Sinter hardening is a process used to produce a high martensite-content material without using a conventional heat treatment process, such as batch heat-treating or induction hardening.
- the sinter hardening process comprises the steps of sintering the compact at an elevated temperature followed by rapidly cooling the compact at the end of sinter furnace hardening to induce martensite transformation.
- Umeha et al U.S. 4,595,556
- Method For Manufacturing Camshaft issued June 17, 1986.
- Umeha et al disclose a method for producing members for fitting onto camshafts. After the pre-sinter step, the piece can be properly positioned on the shaft prior to sinter hardening. The compact is fifty percent axially shorter than the pre-sintered compact.
- Saka et al . U.S. 5,049,183
- Sintered Machine Part And Method issued September 17, 1991
- the compact is repressed after the pre-sinter.
- Such a method would be particularly applicable for producing synchronizer hubs for motorcars.
- Seyrhunt (U.S. 5,659,873), Method Of Producing A Cam For A Jointed Camshaft, issued August 19, 1997, also describes a method, which includes a pre-sintering step. This method is used to produce a cam for a jointed camshaft. The pre-sintering step allows for the cam to be reworked to the desired contour, which may be lost during quenching and tempering.
- Plamper U.S. 5,659,955
- Method Of Making Powder Metal Helical Gears uses pre-sintering to produce a powder metal blank, which can be cold-rolled to make a helical gear with a helix angle greater than 35 degrees.
- Standard powder metal compaction processes can not be used to make helical gears of a large helix angle.
- Cadle et al . (U.S. 6,148,685), Duplex Sprocket/Gear Construction and Method of Making Same, issued November 21, 2000, use two metallurgical powder mixtures, one for the teeth and one for the body, to produce a sprocket.
- the two powder alloys have properties tailored for local functional requirements of the final product.
- the sintered body may be machined.
- a method of producing parts from powdered metals comprising the following steps.
- a metallurgical powder is provided, consisting of iron, 0.3-1.0 weight percent carbon, 0-4 weight percent chromium, 0-3 weight percent copper, 0.5-1.5 weight percent molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight percent nickel, 0-1.0 weight percent manganese, and 0-1.5 weight percent silicon.
- Metal powders are made by atomization and mixing.
- the powder metal parts are made by compacting, pre-sintering, profile/form grinding, sinter furnace hardening, and secondary operations.
- Profile/form grinding generates profiles, which can not be formed by compaction tooling, such as undercut.
- the specific pre-sinter cycle makes parts strong enough to withstand profile grinding but soft enough for easy grinding and prolonged grinding tool life. Powder metal parts made by this invention are also disclosed.
- Metal powders are made by atomization and mixing.
- the particulate materials consist of iron, 0.3-1.0 weight percent carbon, 0-4 weight percent chromium, 0-3 weight percent copper, 0.5-1.5 weight percent molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight percent nickel, 0-1.0 weight percent manganese, and 0-1.5 weight percent silicon. Table 1 lists the composition ranges for the particulate materials.
- the powder possesses good sinter-hardening capabilities.
- the process flow chart is shown in Figure 1.
- the metallurgical powders are compacted (1) with a compaction pressure of 30 to 65 tons per square inch with a green density of 6.5 to 7.25 grams per cubic centimeter.
- the green parts are pre-sintered (2) at a temperature from 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Pre-sintering time is from 20 to 60 minutes.
- Cooling rates vary from 10 degrees Fahrenheit per minute to 120 degrees Fahrenheit per minute to produce various microstructures such as Pearlite, Ferrite + Pearlite, and Bainite. When the cooling rate is greater than 120 degrees Fahrenheit per minute, Martensite, which is hard to machine, forms. Slow cooling (10 degrees Fahrenheit per minute) produces primarily a Pearlite microstructure.
- Spheroidized Pearlite is best for machining.
- the compact is cooled to ambient or nearly ambient temperatures.
- Microstructure can be precisely achieved through control of pre-sintering temperature and cooling rate.
- pre-sintering temperature and cooling rate As a result of the pre-sinter, the powder metal parts gain strength to make them strong enough for profile/form grinding (3).
- the specific pre-sinter cycle also makes the particle hardness of the parts low to prolong the life of the grinding tool used during the profile/form grinding step.
- Profile/form grinding utilizes super-abrasive tools to generate profiles and detailed geometry.
- the process is also called Super Abrasive Machining (SAM).
- SAM Super Abrasive Machining
- Profile/form grinding is done after pre-sinter to produce various complex shapes such as multiple rows of teeth and undercut teeth, which are difficult to make by conventional powder metal compaction methods and single point machining.
- the complexity of the shape is limited only by the size and precision of the profile and form grinding equipment.
- parts are sinter furnace-hardened (4).
- the sinter furnace hardening conditions are as follows: sintering temperature of 2000 degrees Fahrenheit to 2400 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 to 80 minutes, with a cooling rate of 120 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit per minute.
- the final heat treatment is capable of producing greater than 90 percent Martensite, with a small amount of retained Austensite, Pearlite, and Bainite in the final powder metal part. Tempering, deburring, and other secondary operations (5) are optional depending upon final performance requirements.
- This invention utilizes a special pre-sintering cycle (2) before profile/form grinding (3) and sinter furnace hardening (4). Pre-sintered parts are strong enough for profile/form grinding without breaking or chipping. Profile/form grinding (SAM) generates profiles and detailed geometry in a single operation. This method allows profile/form grinding to be done using less pressure and greater feed speed than when grinding regularly sintered parts. The invention also avoids the problem of grinding hardened powder metal parts.
- the Gemini sprocket has two rows of teeth with a phase angle between the rows of teeth.
- the Gemini sprocket design is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,427,580, Phased Chain Assemblies, issued to Ledvina et al . on June 27, 1995.
- the sprocket is part of a chain-drive system used in an automotive front-wheel drive transmission.
- An advantage of the Gemini sprocket is reduced noise during operation. Considerations in material development include hardness/wear resistance and good hardenability.
- the material containing iron, 2 weight percent copper, 0.8 weight percent carbon, 1.4 weight percent nickel, 1.25 weight percent molybdenum, and 0.42 weight percent manganese is pressed at a compaction pressure of 45 tons per square inch and pre-sintered at 1650 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes.
- the pre-sintered parts are cooled at 25 degrees Fahrenheit per minute.
- the parts are then ground with a super-hard formed wheel to create two rows of teeth with a groove in between the rows.
- the parts are sinter furnace hardened at 2070 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes.
- After sinter furnace hardening the parts are cooled at a rate of 150 degrees Fahrenheit per minute. As a secondary operation, deburring was performed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/766,154 US20050163645A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2004-01-28 | Method to make sinter-hardened powder metal parts with complex shapes |
| US766154 | 2004-01-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1561832A1 true EP1561832A1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=34679330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05001266A Withdrawn EP1561832A1 (de) | 2004-01-28 | 2005-01-21 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sintergeharteten Teilen mit komplizierten Formen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050163645A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1561832A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005213649A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20050077492A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1647874A (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100768700B1 (ko) * | 2006-06-28 | 2007-10-19 | 학교법인 포항공과대학교 | 금속사출성형법을 이용한 합금 부품의 제조방법 및합금부품 |
| JP4789837B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2011-10-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 鉄系焼結体及びその製造方法 |
| CN102078732A (zh) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-01 | 刘柏谦 | 异重多尺寸均匀涨落颗粒床 |
| EP2536862A4 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2016-07-13 | Federal Mogul Corp | Vorlegierung zur herstellung von sintergehärteten stahlteilen und verfahren zur herstellung von sintergehärteten teilen |
| CN102654187A (zh) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 自贡市富源车辆部件有限公司 | 高精度低成本的油泵传动链轮加工方法 |
| CN102654186A (zh) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 自贡市富源车辆部件有限公司 | 一种油泵传动链轮加工方法 |
| CN102162070A (zh) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-24 | 中南大学 | 粉末冶金发动机连杆材料及其制备方法 |
| KR101350944B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-01-16 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 분말사출성형용 철계 합금 |
| KR101360422B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-08 | 2014-02-11 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 시저스기어 구조 및 그 제조방법 |
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| KR101405845B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-06-11 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 금속분말 사출 성형을 이용한 밸브 트레인 부품의 제조방법 |
| KR20140048428A (ko) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 금속분말 사출 성형을 이용한 컨트롤 핑거의 제조방법 |
| CN103182510A (zh) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-07-03 | 兴城市粉末冶金有限公司 | 粉末冶金齿毂加工工艺 |
| JP6229281B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2017-11-15 | 日立化成株式会社 | 鉄基焼結合金及びその製造方法 |
| DE102013212528A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlformkörpers |
| CN104368816B (zh) * | 2013-08-14 | 2016-12-28 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种铁基粉末冶金零件的制造方法 |
| CN103600065B (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-04-13 | 富莱茵汽车部件有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金齿轮及其制备方法 |
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| DE102015112322A1 (de) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-02 | Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Synchronrings sowie Synchronring |
| CN105624557A (zh) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-01 | 桐乡市搏腾贸易有限公司 | 一种机械传动链轮及其制造方法 |
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| US11097346B1 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2021-08-24 | Keystone Powdered Metal Company | Process for manufacturing toroid parts |
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| CN113523285A (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金高密度多排齿链轮的制备方法 |
| CN115889778A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-04 | 台州华联粉末冶金制品股份有限公司 | 一种齿轮的制备工艺 |
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| US6148685A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 2000-11-21 | Zenith Sintered Products, Inc. | Duplex sprocket/gear construction and method of making same |
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| AT405916B (de) * | 1995-02-16 | 1999-12-27 | Miba Sintermetall Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen eines nockens für eine gefügte nockenwelle |
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| US20040115084A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Borgwarner Inc. | Method of producing powder metal parts |
| KR20050122211A (ko) * | 2003-03-18 | 2005-12-28 | 더 펜 스테이트 리서어치 파운데이션 | 오스포밍에 의해 분말 금속 기어를 강화하는 방법 및 장치 |
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2004
- 2004-01-28 US US10/766,154 patent/US20050163645A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-01-21 EP EP05001266A patent/EP1561832A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-01-21 JP JP2005013482A patent/JP2005213649A/ja active Pending
- 2005-01-27 CN CNA2005100518454A patent/CN1647874A/zh active Pending
- 2005-01-28 KR KR1020050008005A patent/KR20050077492A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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| EP0457418A1 (de) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-21 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Doppelpress-Doppelsinterverfahren für Pulvermetallurgie |
| WO1994013418A1 (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1994-06-23 | Höganäs Ab | Iron-based powder composition |
| US6148685A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 2000-11-21 | Zenith Sintered Products, Inc. | Duplex sprocket/gear construction and method of making same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005213649A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
| CN1647874A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
| US20050163645A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
| KR20050077492A (ko) | 2005-08-02 |
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