EP1571249A2 - Dispositif et procédé pour l'application des agents d'apprêtage sur une nappe non tissée - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour l'application des agents d'apprêtage sur une nappe non tissée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1571249A2
EP1571249A2 EP05003500A EP05003500A EP1571249A2 EP 1571249 A2 EP1571249 A2 EP 1571249A2 EP 05003500 A EP05003500 A EP 05003500A EP 05003500 A EP05003500 A EP 05003500A EP 1571249 A2 EP1571249 A2 EP 1571249A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nonwoven web
guide surface
outlet openings
avivage
over
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05003500A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1571249B1 (fr
EP1571249A3 (fr
Inventor
Sebastian Sommer
Jens Güdden
Thomas Fett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
Original Assignee
Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik filed Critical Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
Priority to US11/068,850 priority Critical patent/US7461438B2/en
Publication of EP1571249A2 publication Critical patent/EP1571249A2/fr
Publication of EP1571249A3 publication Critical patent/EP1571249A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1571249B1 publication Critical patent/EP1571249B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
    • D06B1/08—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating from outlets being in, or almost in, contact with the textile material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for applying Avivagen on a Nonwoven web. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for applying this Avivagen on the nonwoven web.
  • the nonwoven web used in the invention consists according to a particularly preferred embodiment of filaments or fibers made of thermoplastic material, in particular of polypropylene, Polyethylene, polyester or polyamide. It can be with these filaments to Monokomponentenfilêt or to bicomponent or Mehrkomponentenfil obviously act. Basically, under the Invention also a nonwoven web of natural raw materials, for example Cellulose fibers are used.
  • Under avivages are substances with which the Surface properties of the fibers or filaments are modified can.
  • the wettability of the fibers can be changed be the fibers hydrophilic or hydrophobic or oleophilic or be modified oleophobically.
  • Avivagen can furthermore the conductivity of the Fibers are modified by, in particular, antistatics as lubricants be used. Furthermore, by applying Avivagen also the Fire behavior of the fibers are modified.
  • the lubricants are in the context of the invention as a liquid system, in particular as a liquid solution or liquid mixture or as an emulsion applied the nonwoven web.
  • These are in particular liquid Multicomponent systems.
  • Avivagen Surface modifying substances referred to as Avivagen.
  • avivage in particular the entire liquid solution, entire liquid mixture or emulsion applied to the nonwoven web becomes.
  • the used according to the invention Avivagen is very preferably liquid solutions with at least one polar solvent or liquid mixtures with at least one polar solvent or to emulsions containing at least one polar solvent. Melt of substances solid at 30 ° C, in particular polymer melts are in Frame of the invention is not construed as Avivagen.
  • the application of lubricants comprises in the context of the invention according to a preferred embodiment, the application of surfactants. It lies in the Within the scope of the invention that ionic, d. H. cationic and / or anionic Surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants are used. After a Embodiment can also Ampho surfactants used for the finishing become. With surfactants, in particular the hydrophilic properties of the Nonwoven web modified. For a hydrophobic modification of the Nonwoven web can in the context of the invention, for example, fatty acid amides or Fluorkarbvne be used in the Avivagen.
  • the invention is the technical problem underlying a Specify device of the type mentioned, with the smoothing easy and reliably dosed and precise with very even distribution on an already pre-consolidated or solidified nonwoven web are applied can. Furthermore, the invention is the technical problem underlying a specify the appropriate procedure.
  • the invention teaches a device for applying coatings to a nonwoven web, wherein a device for pre-bonding of the nonwoven web is provided, wherein at least one guide surface is provided, over which the preconsolidated nonwoven web is guided and wherein in the guide surface outlet openings are provided for the lubricant, so that the guided over the guide surface nonwoven web can be acted upon with the lubricant.
  • preconsolidation means according to an embodiment of the invention, that the nonwoven web is first pre-consolidated and in a later subsequent process step is finally solidified.
  • the use of the Conceptual pre-consolidation does not necessarily mean that there is one more must connect further solidification or final consolidation. It is so also in the context of the invention that the preconsolidation of the nonwoven web the only solidification is and thus almost the final consolidation of the nonwoven web represents.
  • the Device for preconsolidating a calender in particular a roll calender.
  • the nonwoven web is so before applying the lubricant by a Calender or Walzenkalander out.
  • the means for preconsolidation can also be a device be for hot air hardening.
  • the device for preconsolidating a device for hydroentanglement or for hydrodynamic needling.
  • a device for mechanical Vernadein the nonwoven web as a device be used for pre-consolidation.
  • the applied lubricant over a Cross channel is supplied, which expediently transverse to the conveying direction the nonwoven web or substantially transversely to the conveying direction of the nonwoven web extends.
  • To the transverse channel is preferably at least one feed channel, prefers several supply channels, connected, which the Avivage of the Guide the cross channel to the application area of the guide surface.
  • the feed channels usually have a smaller diameter than the cross channel and insofar the flowing avivage here suffers a higher pressure loss as in the cross channel.
  • the Cross channel over its length or over the order width with a formed varying cross section, so that the sum of the Pressure loss in the transverse channel and the pressure loss in the feed channel or in the Feed channels at each exit position over the application width is constant.
  • the lubricant with the help of at least one Pump is fed.
  • a pump with downstream distributors are used, which distributors the Evenly divide the volume flow of the lubricant.
  • the over the Guide surface guided nonwoven web from below with the Avivage applied.
  • the over Guide surface guided nonwoven web from above or from the side with the Avivage can be applied.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that at least a part of the guide surface in the conveying direction the nonwoven web is arranged sloping.
  • the guide surface in the conveying direction of Nonwoven web curved.
  • the nonwoven web is thus over a curved or curved guide surface out.
  • the guide surface after a preferred embodiment be continuously curved. It lies in principle but also within the scope of the invention, that straight or not curved sections along with curved sections in the Guide surface are formed.
  • the curvature of the guide surface In principle, different radii of curvature are possible.
  • a preferred Embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the Guide surface is formed partially cylindrical jacket and, for example, part a cylindrical roller or part of a cylindrical tube can. According to one embodiment, this is one in operation non-rotating roller or a non-rotating in operation tube.
  • the guide surface but also part of a in operation rotating roller or part of a rotating in operation Be pipe. The roller or the tube can then in particular a porous Have wall.
  • At least a number of Outlet openings transverse to the conveying direction of the nonwoven web in the guide surface is provided.
  • a number of Outlet openings over the entire width of the guide surface or over the extend the entire width of the guided over the guide surface nonwoven web.
  • the series of Outlet openings but only over part of the width of the guide surface or only over a part of the width of the guided over the guide surface Extend nonwoven web. In this way, for example, a strip order The Avivage be realized and it can be job-free margins at the Nonwoven web remain.
  • in one arranged transversely to the conveying direction of the nonwoven web series of outlet openings exit opening-free areas are present. This allows to the nonwoven web strips are generated, which are free of orders or in which no Finishing applied or introduced.
  • a number of outlet openings in any Direction can be oriented in the guide surface, d. H. so in each any angle with respect to the conveying direction of the nonwoven web. It is located in Under the invention that a plurality of adjacent rows of Outlet openings is provided in the guide surface. After a Embodiment of the invention are the openings of adjacent rows staggered to each other.
  • the outlet openings are expediently provided with the proviso in the guide surface, that in the application areas of the nonwoven web as uniform as possible distribution the finish is achieved.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that if necessary at least a part of the outlet openings is closable or can be opened again. Even this way can be relatively easy Areas or zones are adjusted in which avivage on the nonwoven web is applied or not applied.
  • To close the Outlet openings closure elements are provided, preferably on the nonwoven web remote from the underside of the guide surface arranged are. According to one embodiment of the invention, with a single Closing element a plurality of outlet openings are closed. It can but also be provided for each outlet opening a closure element.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the Opening width set at least for a part of the outlet openings can be. According to this embodiment, therefore, the opening width or the opening diameter of outlet openings, preferably of all Outlets are set. It is within the scope of the invention that the opening width of different outlet openings independently is adjustable. By adjusting the opening width or opening diameter the outlet openings can set the amount of the finish be in the unit of time through the outlet openings and the Nonwoven web acted upon.
  • the outlet openings formed in the guide surface can basically have different cross sections. That's how it can be circular or oval holes or, for example, slots act.
  • In the guide surface can also permeable sintered body be provided, through which the Avivage can penetrate. It is still in the Frame of the invention that the outlet openings unicellular or multicellular are formed.
  • the guide surface or a part of the guide surface provided with outlet openings relative to the nonwoven web displaceable, in particular perpendicular to the conveying direction of Nonwoven web height adjustable By this possibility of movement of the Contact the guide surface to the nonwoven web to be interrupted. Due to the Displacement of the guide surface, in particular in a height adjustment the guide surface can with curved guide surface, the contact surface of the Guide surface with the nonwoven web or the wrap angle with which the Nonwoven web wraps around the curved guide surface, can be adjusted. It is basically within the scope of the invention, that the contact surface of the Guide surface with the nonwoven web is adjustable.
  • the Casserole position of the nonwoven web on the guide surface adjustable and / or is the Expiration position at which the nonwoven web leaves the guide surface, adjustable.
  • the casserole position or drainage position of the nonwoven web can, for example, also influenced by moving adjacent guide rollers for the nonwoven web become.
  • a rinsing position can be set for the guide surface, in the guide surface is rinsed or cleaned.
  • Drain area or expiration position here means the point at which the nonwoven web the Guide surface leaves or out of contact with the guide surface device.
  • the course of the guide surface preferably deviates significantly from the conveying direction of the nonwoven web and in this respect creates an edge or as it were a sharp edge on which the nonwoven web, the guide surface leaves.
  • a curvature of the guide surface expediently ends here abruptly.
  • the part of the guide surface, which is just before the spoiler edge with the Nonwoven web is in contact and the part of the guide surface, which is just behind the Trailing edge is no longer in contact with the nonwoven web form suitably an angle of less than 100 ° and preferably one Angle of 90 ° or about 90 ° or less than 90 °.
  • Such a spoiler has become especially proven within the scope of the invention. With this trailing edge is avoided that behind the expiration position or behind the drain area of Nonwoven web a residue of the finish on the guide surface dries, causing too Constraints or irregularities during operation. With Help the tear-off edge is achieved, that carried off Avivage safely from the Guide surface and separated from the nonwoven web remains.
  • the guide surface heated is on the guide surface intended.
  • at least one heating element is on the guide surface intended.
  • the heating element or the heating elements are Expediently on the nonwoven web side facing away from the Guiding surface arranged.
  • the Viscosity of the lubricant is adjusted in a simple and reliable way become. This allows better wettability of the nonwoven web in particular even at higher concentrations and higher viscosity at room temperature or high-viscosity lubricants are guaranteed.
  • the avivage also on their way to the guiding surface, d. H. in the cross channel or in the Be heated supply channel.
  • the invention further teaches a method for applying avivages to a nonwoven web, wherein the nonwoven web is first preconsolidated and wherein the nonwoven web is then guided over at least one guide surface on which the nonwoven web is acted upon by a finishing agent passing through outlet openings in the guide surface.
  • a solution with at least one polar solvent and / or a liquid mixture with at least one polar liquid and / or an emulsion with at least one polar Liquid is applied as Avivage.
  • a polar solvent or as polar liquid is used in particular water or an alcohol.
  • the Avivage to an aqueous solution or an aqueous mixture or a aqueous emulsion.
  • the nonwoven web before application of the lubricant in preconsolidated to a pre-consolidation device Preferably, the Nonwoven web calendered before it is passed over the guide surface. It lies but also in the context of the invention that the nonwoven web in a different way is pre-consolidated, for which reference is made to the comments above.
  • the guide surface to a temperature between 30 ° C and a maximum temperature is heated, which maximum temperature 1 to 5 ° C below the boiling point of the most volatile component of the lubricant, this being most volatile component to at least 10 wt.% Is present in the lubricant.
  • Most volatile component means the component of the avivage, which at least 10% by weight is present in the lubricant and the lowest boiling point other at least 10 wt.% present in the Avivage components Has.
  • the maximum temperature is at which the guide surface can be heated, 3 ° C below the boiling point of the aforementioned most volatile Component. It is within the scope of the invention that at least part of the Guide surface is heated in the manner described. Conveniently, becomes the guide surface or at least a part of the guide surface at least 30 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C and very preferably up at least 50 ° C heated.
  • the lubricant is concentrated or used at low dilution. Basically, it is also within the scope of the invention that a pure surface sizer-modifying substance is used undiluted or applied as a finish on the nonwoven web. On the other hand, too to work with more dilute solutions, mixtures or emulsions.
  • Tailored that the avivage continuously or evenly and is supplied pulse-free or from the outlet openings of the guide surface exit. This embodiment has proven particularly useful.
  • the invention is based on the finding that with the inventive Device or with the inventive method Avivagen the Nonwoven web can be added very simple and reliable. It is in particular, it should be emphasized that the avivages are also pre-consolidated Nonwoven web can be applied specifically and evenly, so that the Pre-consolidated nonwoven web is virtually wettable by the smoothing agent. at known from the prior art measures for applying Avivagen is a uniform and homogeneous material on pre-bonded nonwoven webs Applying avivages often problematic. The invention still has more benefits. Above all, a recirculation of used avivage basically not necessary, because the finish is targeted in the amount needed and can be applied precisely. Furthermore, the Device according to the invention by a relatively small equipment expenditure.
  • the contact surface between Avivage and fleece band can be adjusted flexibly, for example, the Penetration time and / or distribution time to change.
  • zones or strips can be selected, in which the nonwoven web is supplied with the lubricant or not acted upon becomes.
  • the delivery volume or delivery rate of the pump or pumps immediately determines the amount of lubricant applied to the nonwoven web can be.
  • the delivery volume of the pump so can the Application volume of the lubricant can be precisely dosed. It is by the way, by the way in the invention, that the flow rate of the pump of a Process control system of the entire device or the entire system can be controlled. In particular, the application of concentrated Avivagen, d.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for applying Avivagen on a Nonwoven web 1, which is transported in the direction of the arrow.
  • Fig. 1 can be seen that the nonwoven web initially by a device 9 for preconsolidation of Nonwoven web is guided.
  • this device 9 for preconsolidation it likes preferably and in the embodiment to a roll calender act.
  • this pre-consolidated nonwoven web 1 in the embodiment 1 under a preferably height adjustable inlet roller 2 performed.
  • the nonwoven web 1 via the guide surface. 3 guided and then passed between the take-off rollers 4, 5.
  • the Guide surface 3 arranged sloping in the conveying direction of the nonwoven web 1.
  • the guide surface 3 in the conveying direction of the nonwoven web. 1 a gradient.
  • the Guide surface 3 part cylinder jacket formed and in the embodiment it is part of a cylindrical roller 7.
  • the embodiment 1 is a non-rotating in operation roller. 7
  • a plurality of adjacent Rows of outlet openings 6 transversely to the conveying direction of the nonwoven web 1 in the Guide surface 3 are arranged.
  • the adjacent rows are parallel to each other and the outlet openings 6 adjacent rows are offset from each other here.
  • Such an arrangement of the outlet openings 6 can be a very uniform Distribution of the liquid substance on the nonwoven web 1 or in the Nonwoven web 1 can be achieved.
  • a Distribution chamber 8 provided for the Avivage.
  • the distribution chamber 8 is with at least one pump, not shown, for the delivery of the lubricant connected.
  • the lubricant leaves the distribution chamber 8 then via the outlet openings 6.
  • the method is preferably performed so that the Avivage emerges pulse-free from the outlet openings 6.
  • FIGS. 3 to 10 are very schematically further embodiments of inventive device shown. It should be noted that each of these embodiments basically with a device 9 for Pre-consolidation of the nonwoven web 1 is equipped, although this device 9 of the For the sake of simplicity, it was indicated only in FIG. 3. All devices 3 to 10 have a curved guide surface 3, in which the Outlet openings 6 are arranged distributed for the lubrication.
  • FIGS. 3 to 10 All show a transverse channel 10, which is transverse to the conveying direction of the Nonwoven web 1 extends and in which the lubricant is conveyed. To the Transverse channel 10 is expediently at least one pump, not shown connected for the promotion of the avivage. Furthermore, in FIGS.
  • transverse channel 10 has in usually a larger cross section or larger diameter than a Feed channel 11.
  • a feed channel 11 can be attached to one below the guide surface 3 arranged distribution chamber 8 may be connected, the on the lubrication several outlet openings 6 distributed. In principle, a feed channel 11 but also be connected to a single outlet opening 6.
  • a plurality of feed channels 11 may be provided both arranged in the conveying direction of the nonwoven web 1 in a row as well as across the Conveying direction of the nonwoven web 1 arranged side by side. -
  • the supply channel 11 shown there is intended his impact point on the guide surface 3 for the place where the first outlet openings 6 and the first row of outlet openings 6 is arranged, which meets the nonwoven web 1.
  • the guide surface 3 via the entire area in which it has contact with the nonwoven web 1, continuously formed curved.
  • the nonwoven web 1 thus initially passes over a rising portion and then over a sloping portion of the guide surface 3.
  • the curved guide surface 3 of FIG. 3 corresponds to a Part cylindrical surface.
  • the outlet openings 6 for the finish are here incidentally after the casserole area or after the casserole position of the nonwoven web. 1 arranged.
  • the aforementioned arrangement of the outlet openings 6 is also in Embodiment of FIG. 4 realized.
  • the guide surface 3 according to a very preferred embodiment of the invention in the drainage area of Nonwoven web 1 or in the drain position of the nonwoven web 1 a tear-off edge 12.
  • This trailing edge 12 advantageously ensures that the of the Nonwoven web not taken up after the drainage area of the Nonwoven web 1 is kept safe from the nonwoven web 1 separately.
  • the in Fig. 5 illustrated embodiment basically corresponds to the embodiment as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the guide surface 3 heating elements 13 is provided, with which the guide surface 3 can be heated.
  • This method can very precisely the viscosity of the applied lubricant be set.
  • the nonwoven web 1 in its casserole area directly or linearly fed to the outlet openings 6, without the Nonwoven web 1 (as in FIGS. 3 to 5) initially over a curved region the guide surface 3 is guided in front of the outlet openings. This will a dry friction of the nonwoven web 1 on the guide surface in front of Application of the avivage avoided.
  • the lubricant is laterally the outlet openings 6 of the guide surface 3 applied to the nonwoven web 1.
  • the guide surface 3 is continuously curved while in Embodiment of FIG. 10, a rectilinear or planar portion of the Guide surface 3 is provided, of two curved sections of Guide surface 3 is limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
EP20050003500 2004-03-03 2005-02-18 Dispositif et procédé pour l'application des agents d'apprêtage sur une nappe non tissée Ceased EP1571249B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/068,850 US7461438B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2005-03-02 Apparatus and method for applying finishing agents onto a nonwoven web

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410010245 DE102004010245A1 (de) 2004-03-03 2004-03-03 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Aufbringen von flüssigen Substanzen, insbesondere von Avivagen auf eine Vliesbahn
DE102004010245 2004-03-03

Publications (3)

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EP1571249A2 true EP1571249A2 (fr) 2005-09-07
EP1571249A3 EP1571249A3 (fr) 2006-11-02
EP1571249B1 EP1571249B1 (fr) 2009-09-30

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USD704237S1 (en) 2013-08-23 2014-05-06 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Ventilated vacuum commutation structure
US9289329B1 (en) 2013-12-05 2016-03-22 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method for producing pant type diapers

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FR2894993A1 (fr) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-22 Rhodia Recherches & Tech Nouveau procede d'impregnation d'une surface textile
WO2007071667A1 (fr) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-28 Bluestar Silicones France Nouveau procede d'impregnation d'une surface textile
US10456302B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2019-10-29 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web
US9622918B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2017-04-18 Curt G. Joe, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web
EP1895038A2 (fr) 2006-08-28 2008-03-05 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Appareil et procédé pour le mouillage d'une toile continue
EP1895038A3 (fr) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-12 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Appareil et procédé pour le mouillage d'une toile continue
US9950439B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2018-04-24 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Single transfer insert placement method and apparatus with cross-direction insert placement control
US10266362B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2019-04-23 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Single transfer insert placement method and apparatus
US9944487B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2018-04-17 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Single transfer insert placement method and apparatus
US10702428B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2020-07-07 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web
US9603752B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2017-03-28 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for minimizing waste and improving quality and production in web processing operations by automatic cuff defect correction
USRE48182E1 (en) 2010-08-05 2020-09-01 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for minimizing waste and improving quality and production in web processing operations by automatic cuff defect correction
US9907706B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2018-03-06 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Methods and apparatus for forming disposable products at high speeds with small machine footprint
US10751220B2 (en) 2012-02-20 2020-08-25 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method of forming bonds between discrete components of disposable articles
US9809414B2 (en) 2012-04-24 2017-11-07 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Elastic break brake apparatus and method for minimizing broken elastic rethreading
US9908739B2 (en) 2012-04-24 2018-03-06 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying parallel flared elastics to disposable products and disposable products containing parallel flared elastics
US11034543B2 (en) 2012-04-24 2021-06-15 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying parallel flared elastics to disposable products and disposable products containing parallel flared elastics
US10167156B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2019-01-01 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum commutation apparatus and methods
US10494216B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2019-12-03 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum communication apparatus and methods
US10633207B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2020-04-28 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum commutation apparatus and methods
US11737930B2 (en) 2020-02-27 2023-08-29 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Configurable single transfer insert placement method and apparatus

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DE502005008214D1 (de) 2009-11-12
EP1571249B1 (fr) 2009-09-30
EP1571249A3 (fr) 2006-11-02

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