Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
  • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
  • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
  • B28B23/06—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed for the production of elongated articles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
  • E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
  • E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
  • E01B3/32—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement
  • E01B3/34—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement with pre-tensioned armouring or reinforcement

Definitions

• the invention relates to a frame sleeper made of prestressed concrete with an increased number of rail fastenings for a railway ballast track and a method for producing this sleeper.
• Grid-like railway sleepers consisting of cross sleepers and longitudinal beams running under the rails, hereinafter referred to as frame sleepers, are known as monolithic prestressed concrete parts in various embodiments. Your advantages over the classic ballast track with cross sleepers are in
• the increased support area in the ballast With regard to the positional stability of the track, the increased support area in the ballast, the greater lateral resistance of the individual sleepers and, in particular, the horizontal frame load-bearing capacity of the track grate.
• the frame bearing effect essentially depends on the size of the clamping forces in the elastic spring elements of the rail fastenings, which connect rails and sleepers to one another via frictional forces.
• the rails act as tension and compression belts of the lying girder formed by the track grate, while the sleepers transmit the thrust forces occurring between the belts. If the existing frictional forces in the rail fastenings are exceeded, the rails slide on the sleepers and the individual frame sleepers can twist against each other in the horizontal plane. This means that once the rails slide through the rail fasteners, the frame load-bearing capacity can no longer be increased.
• a known embodiment of the frame sleeper according to DE 198 42 312 Cl with a carrier grating composed of two transverse sleepers and two longitudinal members has a rail fastening with two spring elements and one rail support element in each crossing point of the supporting elements.
• An increase in the clamping forces via additional rail fastenings is only possible through a closer arrangement of the cross ties.
• a further embodiment according to DE 100 23 389 AI with a cross sleeper and two short, longitudinal beams projecting on both sides has the disadvantage that a narrower sleeper arrangement and therefore more rail fastenings per running meter of track is not possible because of the necessary gaps for stuffing the sleepers.
• a reduction in the number of rail fastenings due to a larger sleeper spacing can only be carried out to a limited extent because this increases the ballast pressure and the rail load disadvantageously.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a frame sleeper for a track structure which is suitable for use under high loads, in particular for mountain routes with tight curve radii, and which can be produced at such low cost that it can also be used on routes with low load can be used economically. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a frame threshold.
• the invention is based on the knowledge that the use of at least two rail fastenings in each intersection area of the two cross sleepers and longitudinal beams can generate high clamping forces even when conventional rail fastenings and common rail support elements are used, as are also used with pure cross sleepers , By providing the
• Rail fastenings in the crossing areas are so closely spaced that one can still speak of a quasi-static mounting, even if at least two rail fastenings are provided in each crossing area. This avoids lifting the rail from individual rail supports under load even with more than two support surfaces over the length of a side member.
• the at least one support surface on which the respective rail is mounted with the interposition of at least one elastic rail support element can extend essentially over the entire extent of the
• each intersection area can have a number of contact surfaces corresponding to the number of mountable rail fastenings, wherein preferably each position for a rail fastening, seen in the direction of the rail, lies in the area of a support surface
• the pretensioning of the frame sleeper can be designed such that the crossing areas are prestressed in two axes, namely both in the direction of the respective longitudinal member and in the direction of the respective crossbar.
• the points of all support surfaces assigned to each rail preferably have a maximum distance of 0.5 mm from a reference plane, which results from the fact that a rail with an ideally flat underside is placed on the support surfaces, the underside forming the reference plane , This makes it possible to use rail support elements which have a relatively high spring ratio.
• the frame sleeper according to the invention has a distance between the axes of the cross sleeper of 55 cm to 70 cm. This results in dimensions for the entire threshold, which on the one hand make it possible that the threshold can also be used in tight bends and can follow the required deflections of the rails in a sufficiently flexible manner when loaded by the wheels of rail vehicles.
• the at least two rail fastenings per crossing area result in such a large clamping force even at this usual rail spacing that extremely high loads can be safely absorbed without the rails or the track structure being warped.
• the frame sleepers according to the invention can be preassembled into preassembled frame sleeper units, each consisting of a frame sleeper and at least one rail attachment preassembled for each intersection area and at least one rail support element preassembled for each intersection area. This results in a simplified assembly of a track structure using such pre-assembled frame sleeper units.
• the multiple rail support elements (5) preferably have spring digits of the same size.
• a track structure can be realized in such a way that in the track structure that is exposed to high loads, in particular in sections that have a large slope and / or narrow curve radii and / or that are exposed to large temperature fluctuations, frame sleepers at least two rail fastenings are provided per crossing area.
• the same frame sleepers can be used with only a single rail attachment be provided for each crossing area.
• the frame sleepers can be designed so that the rail fastenings can be assembled or preassembled so that the position at which the only rail fastener is installed per crossing area is between the positions at which two or more rail fastenings are installed per crossing area if necessary.
• the threshold can be equipped with the necessary number of rail fastenings mainly in the factory, but also on the construction site. This improves the adaptation to unforeseen planning changes.
• the frame sleeper according to the invention can only be produced in one work step with the manufacturing method of "early demoulding" according to the invention.
• the partial hardening of the concrete in the formwork leads to a high dimensional accuracy of the eight rail support surfaces of a sleeper in terms of height and flatness.
• the method according to the invention for producing such a frame sleeper is characterized in that the frame sleeper freshly concreted in a corresponding formwork form is not immediately removed, but only after a first hardening stage of the concrete has been reached, which precludes deformation of the concrete body.
• the required tight tolerances between the support surfaces of the frame sleeper per rail can be achieved without reworking the sleeper.
• a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the underlay plates or pallets that are usually used in the immediate removal of formwork from the sleepers to support the fresh concrete under the stenter frame can be dispensed with.
• the molds and chip holders are no longer rotated when the sleepers are removed from the formwork, the later turning back of these production facilities by corresponding turning devices is no longer necessary.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of the frame sleeper with two rail fastenings or four elastic spring elements and two rail support elements in each crossover area of cross sleepers and side members.
• FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the frame sleeper with two rail fastenings and two rail supports combined to form a one-piece element in each crossover area of cross sleepers and longitudinal members;
• FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the frame sleeper with a central rail fastening and two rail supports in each crossing area
• FIG. 4 shows a section along the axis of a side member according to FIG. 1; 5 shows different phases of the method according to the invention for producing a frame sleeper according to FIGS. 1 to 4.
• a frame sleeper of known type is shown with two cross sleepers 1 and two longitudinal beams 2, the crossing areas of which have been enlarged so that according to the invention at least two rail fastenings, preferably also used in previously known track structures, can be arranged next to one another and nevertheless the voltage flow in the cross sleepers 1 and longitudinal beam 2 is only slightly disturbed.
• exactly 2 rail fastenings and two rail support elements 5 are shown.
• more than two rail fastenings or, regardless of the number of rail fastenings, any number of rail support elements can also be provided.
• a rail support element can be provided for each rail fastening in such a way that the rail support element in question lies in the region between the rail and the sleeper frame, in which the clamping forces generated by the rail fastenings also act.
• FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the support design, in which the two rail support elements 5 form one piece in an intersection area
• Rail support element 5 can contribute to simplification in the production and assembly of the elastic intermediate layers.
• Fig. 3 shows an inexpensive embodiment of the frame sleeper according to Fig. 1 or 2 for routes with only a small load, for example flat country routes. In such cases, it is sufficient to provide only one rail fastening per crossing area instead of two or more rail fastenings. However, two rail supports 5 can still be arranged between the rail and the sleeper frame. This type of construction leads to reduced costs for rail fastening.
• threshold frame can be used for high and low load routes.
• the precautions for mounting the rail fastenings can already be taken in the factory during the manufacture of the sleeper shapes.
• a single type of sleeper frame can be produced, for example, which has three positions in each crossing area, seen in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be mounted, for one rail fastening on each side of the rail to be mounted. All of the assembly methods shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can thus be implemented.
• the non-filled points represent the positions for rail fastenings, which are not occupied in this case.
• FIG. 4 shows a vertical section along the axis of a side member 2 according to FIG. 1 with the arrangement of two rail fastenings in the widened support. area of an intersection.
• a mounting recess 6 between the rail 3 and the threshold in on the top of the longitudinal beam 2 for the installation of casting molds for rail welding in the event of a possible breakage of the rail during operation.
• the embodiment according to the invention provides spring numbers of 50 to 80 KN / mm for each individual rail support element 5 and height tolerances of a maximum of 0.5 mm between the supports of a threshold per rail.
• the tolerances are defined in such a way that when a rail with an absolutely flat underside is placed on the support surfaces of the sill frame (without rail support elements), there is a maximum distance of 0.5 mm from each point of the support surface to the plane defined by the underside of the rail consists.
• the rails are fastened with conventional rail fastenings with pressure forces of approx. 17 to 25 KN, so that a force of approx. 8.5 KN results per rail fastening with an assumed coefficient of friction of 0.5, which can be absorbed in the direction of the rail before the rail starts, opposite the
• the production of a frame sleeper requires the use of immediate demoulding because of the high costs for the complex formwork forms, in order to reduce the number of forms and to limit the constantly necessary dimensional control of the forms.
• immediate demoulding the sleepers produced are removed from the mold immediately after concreting.
• the threshold is only reached after one
• Concrete strength of approx. 5-10 N / mm is lifted out of the mold, so that subsequent concrete deformations are excluded. This concrete strength is achieved after about three to four hours of curing. In this way, the support heights available in the formwork form and which are continuously checked are transferred to the sleeper without any changes.
• the tensioning frames 9 with the tensioning rods 10 fastened therein are inserted into the formwork from above. form 8 inserted, the tie rods 10 are guided down through vertical slots in the formwork 8. The sleepers are then concreted upside down by introducing a suitable concrete mixture into the formwork 8.
• the tension rods 10 are released from the tension frame 9 and the sleepers in a special relaxation system; the thresholds are then lifted upwards, as shown in FIG. 5d, and only turned over to the normal position in this phase.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Railway Tracks (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
• Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=32308698

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• 2002
  • 2002-11-26 DE DE10254973A patent/DE10254973A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2003
  • 2003-11-21 AT AT03788802T patent/ATE529570T1/de active
  • 2003-11-21 DE DE10394106T patent/DE10394106D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-11-21 EP EP03788802A patent/EP1573133B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-11-21 AU AU2003292972A patent/AU2003292972A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-11-21 WO PCT/DE2003/003860 patent/WO2004048695A1/fr not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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