Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
  • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
  • F41H5/045—Layered armour containing metal all the layers being metal layers

Definitions

• the invention relates to the multilayered steel armour for both the defense and civilian ballistic protection application.
• the front-face layer intended to break or shatter attacking bullets is usually made from the steel of very hihg hardness containing, for example, 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% of carbon, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt% of silicone, 0.2 wt% to 8.0 wt% of chromium, 0.1 wt% to 4.0 wt% of nickel, 0.2 wt% to 6.0 wt% of tungsten, 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt% vanadium and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities.
• the backing layer is formed by the more conventional armour steel material, intended to absorb remainder of bullet and fragments kinetic energy with a higher toughness containing, for example, 0.2 wt% to 0.6 wt% of carbon, 0.3 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicone, 0.1 wt% to 3.0 wt% of chromium, 0.2 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
• These two-layered plates are produced using technology of explosive cladding (high-velocity impact cladding) or by rolling together the individual layers at elevated temperature, wide-area welding techniques, by casting and successive pressure forming or by welding the initial semi- finished products under the molten welding flux and other similar technologies.
• the important feature of the invention is the circumstance that the joining metallic intermediate layer is made from the material featuring the face-centered cubic crystalline lattice (FCC lattice) .
• the FCC metallic material of the intermediate layer used in the sandwich can be either the pure nickel or possibly also certain nickel alloys containing from 50.0 wt% to 98.0 wt% of nickel and from about 0.1 wt% to 45.0 wt% of at least one metal from the group of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, manganese, niobium, titanium, iron and the rest formed by other accompanying elements and usual impurities.
• Another convenient arrangement of the invention represents the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer comprising between 5.0 wt% to 50.0 wt% of nickel, in total between 0.1 wt% to 40.0 wt% of chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and titanium serving in the role of alloying admixtures while the reminder is formed by iron and some other usual additional elements and impurities.
• the other convenient material of the joining metallic intermediate layer according to the invention is the alloy containing from 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt% of manganese and altogether 0.1 wt% to 30.0 wt% of alloying admixtures of chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicone and carbon while the reminder represents iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
• the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be, in addition to pure nickel or an alloy with nickel as its principal component, also the well known austenitic nickel steel alloys containing more than 20.0 wt% of nickel and the possible combinations of the known austenitic chromium-nickel alloys containing typically 18 wt% of chromium and 8 wt% of nickel.
• the other possible option for the composition of the intermediate layer is the known austenitic manganese alloys like for example the Hadfield Steel with more that 12 wt% of manganese content .
• the thickness of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be conveniently set from 0.5 % to 25 % of the total thickness of the steel armour according to the invention.
• the thicknesses of the external front-face ballistic-resistance armou layer exposed to ballistic loads and the backing armour layer can be either equal to each other or they can differ to achieve the -most, convenient properties of the sandwich as the whole.
• the basic configuration of the invention represents the multilayered steel armour formed by just the three layers, i.e. the sandwich with the simple joining metallic intermediate layer placed between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer.
• the alternative implementation of the herein invention can use more that just these three basic layers. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer at least one more extra internal armour layer is inserted. If this is the case, all the inserted internal armour layers are joined and sandwiched together using the above described joining metallic intermediate layers as per herein described invention.
• the inserted internal armour layers used to achieve the most convenient properties of the entire structure are made from steel containing 0.2 wt% to 0.9 wt% of carbon, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of chromium, 0.3 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum 0,1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicon and no more than about 0.01 wt% of boron, the reminder being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
• the thicknesses of the inserted internal armour layers can be either equal to each other or they can mutually differ and the sum total of the thicknesses of all inserted armour layers and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers represents 1.5 % to 60 % of the total thickness of multilayered steel armour according to the invention.
• the multilayered steel armour made to the specifications of the herein described invention result into compact armour structure with extremely high level of adhesion, strong metallurgical bond of the individual layers .
• the advantages of such composed structures manifest themselves in particular during giving these materials desired shape and during the thermal treatment of these materials and products.
• the joining metallic intermediale layer (or layers as case may be) due to their high plasticity eliminates deformations due to structural, thermal and dimensional changes taking place in the individual armour layers .
• the other substantial advantage of these armoured plates manifest itself in the realm of their ability to withstand ⁇ e'x '" - ⁇ tSrfee.mes of balli.stic loads.
• the j.oi.ni.ng metallic intermediate layer represents an efficient barrier in the way of propagation of cracks between the individual armour layers whereby significantly enhancing the overall structural integrity of the armour.
• the multilayered steel armour can be created using all the known and widely used technologies such as multilayered casting and forming, plating, cladding, welding, rolling at elevated temperatures, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings
• Multilayered steel armour according to this example, as in Fig. 1, comprises from the front-face ballistic-resistant layer 1 and from the backing armour layer 2 .
• the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is made from steel alloy containing 0.66 wt% of carbon, 0.40 wt% of silicone, 0.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.010 wt% of sulfur, 1.20 wt% of chromium, 0.20 wt% of nickel, 0.20 wt% of vanadium, 1.90 wt% of tungsten, while the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities.
• the backing armour layer 2 is made from the steel alloy containing 0.30 wt% of carbon, 1.60 wt% of silicone, 1.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.008 wt% of sulfur, 0.40 wt% of chromium, 1.20 wt% of nickel, the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
• austenitic FCC crystalline lattice structure containing 71.0 wt% of nickel, 16.0 wt% of chromium, 3.0 wt% of manganese, 1.0 wt% of molybdenum, 2.0 wt% of niobium, 6.0 wt% of iron and the rest being the accompanying elements and common impurities.
• the overall thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 10 millimeters.
• the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 4.7 millimeters
• the thickness £ of the backing armour layer 2 is also 4.7 millimeters
• the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. is 0.6 millimeters, which represents 6 % of the overall thickness it of the multilayered steel armour.
• the multilayered steel armour of this example is manufactured using the technology of explosive cladding and subsequent rolling at elevated temperature .
• Multilayered steel armour in this example represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour from the first example with the changed material of the inserted joining metallic intermediate layer 3.
• the material of this layer 3 was changed to the austenitic structure containing 10.6 wt% of nickel, 16.7 wt% of chromium, 2.2 wt% of molybdenum, 1.7 wt% of manganese, 0.5 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.03 wt% of carbon with the rest being iron and other usual admixtures and impurities .
• This multilayered steel armour is prepared using the technology of multilayered casting, which is followed by the elevated temperature rolling process.
• the total thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 7.5 millimeters
• the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistance armour layer 1 is 3.5 millimeters
• the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is 3.6 millimeters
• the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3 is 0.4 millimeters, representing 5.3 % of the overall thickness t of the steel armour.
• the multilayered steel armour in this (third) example also represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour of the type introduced in the example 1.
• the difference is in a different composition of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. joining the armour layer 1,2..
• the material of this layer 3. is the austenitic structure containing 12.5 wt% of manganese, 1.3 wt% of carbon, 0.4 wt% of silicone while the rest is iron, other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
• the multilayered steel armour as in Fig. 2 is formed by the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 , having the same chemical composition as the corresponding layers 1,2 of the example 1. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 are sandwiched two additional internal armour layers 4 and 5. and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers 3., which are located between all the armour layers 1,2., 4, 5 present in the sandwich.
• the joining metallic intermediate layers 3 are the austenitic FCC crystalline structures containing 9.0 wt% of nickel, 17.5 wt% of chromium, 1.9 wt% of manganese, 0.6 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.06 wt% of carbon, while the rest being iron and the common accompanying elements and impurities.
• the first inserted internal armour layer 4 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.45 wt% of carbon, 0.70 wt% of manganese, 0.23 wt% of silicone, 0.50 wt% of chromium, 2.0 wt% of nickel, 0.35 wt% of molybdenum while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities.
• the second inserted internal armour layer 5 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.26 wt% of carbon, 1.0 wt% of manganese, 1.19 wt% of silicone, 0.37 wt% of chromium, 0.95 wt of nickel, 0,27 wt% of molybdenum, 0.006 wt% of niobium while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities.
• the total thickness t of the steel armour is 12.0 millimeters.
• the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 3 millimeters and the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is also 3 millimeters.
• the thicknesses of all joining metallic intermediate layers 3. are 0.4 millimeters.
• the thickness t of the first internal armour layer 4 is 2.5 millimeters and the thickness t of the second internal armour layer 5 is 2.3 millimeters.
• the sum total of the thicknesses —t3 of all inserted joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and the thicknesses t , t of the two inserted internal armour layers 4 and 5. is 6.0 millimeters, i.e. 50 % of the total thickness t of the multilayered steel armour.
• the multilayered steel armour presented in this example was produced using the technology of welding of its individual armour layers , 2 , 4 and 5. together with the joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and subsequent rolling of the sandwich at elevated temperature .
• Multilayered steel armour plates produced in accordance with the herein presented invention find a wide variety of applications especially in products of defense industry where the prime interest is to ascertain the high level of ballistic resistance of the armoured parts and simultaneously maintaining their structural integrity.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-12-17 CZ CZ20024127A patent/CZ297337B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2003
  • 2003-12-15 EP EP03776790A patent/EP1573264A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-12-15 WO PCT/CZ2003/000070 patent/WO2004055467A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-12-15 AU AU2003286090A patent/AU2003286090A1/en not_active Abandoned

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