EP1573908B1 - Linearite d'amplificateur a transistors rf amelioree par transconductance de troisieme ordre supprimee - Google Patents

Linearite d'amplificateur a transistors rf amelioree par transconductance de troisieme ordre supprimee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1573908B1
EP1573908B1 EP03768732A EP03768732A EP1573908B1 EP 1573908 B1 EP1573908 B1 EP 1573908B1 EP 03768732 A EP03768732 A EP 03768732A EP 03768732 A EP03768732 A EP 03768732A EP 1573908 B1 EP1573908 B1 EP 1573908B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transistors
power amplifier
groups
field effect
different
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03768732A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1573908A4 (fr
EP1573908A1 (fr
Inventor
Raymond S. Pengelly
Simon M. Wood
John P. Quinn
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Cree Microwave LLC
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Cree Microwave LLC
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1573908A4 publication Critical patent/EP1573908A4/fr
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Publication of EP1573908B1 publication Critical patent/EP1573908B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
    • H03F3/602—Combinations of several amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H03F1/3205—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in field-effect transistor amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers

Definitions

  • RF power amplifiers typically comprise a plurality of transistor cells operating in parallel.
  • the transistors comprise silicon laterally defused MOSFETS (LDMOSFET) or other semiconductor technologies including silicon bipolar, SIC MESFET, and III-V devices such as GAAS MESFET, InGaP HBT, and GaN HEMT.
  • LDMOSFET laterally defused MOSFETS
  • III-V devices such as GAAS MESFET, InGaP HBT, and GaN HEMT.
  • linearity and operation is a goal in RF power transistor technologies.
  • There are many common factors in the determination of linearity in various RF power transistor technologies including changing input and impedance with signal level, changing capacitances and their derivatives with signal levels, breakdown and substrate conduction effects, class of operation, and changing transconductance and its derivatives with bias and signal levels.
  • the present invention is directed to improving linearity by reducing odd order transconductance derivatives.
  • An example for linearizing a differential amplifier by means of biasing a plurality of transistors in such a way that the tranconductance shows a flat characteristic is shown in EP-A-0 400 650 .
  • the linearity of RF power transistors is improved by reducing odd order transconductance derivatives by employing multiple transistors and derivative superposition with cancellation of positive and negative values of transconductance derivatives of the multiple transistors.
  • the multiple transistors are driven by a common RF input, but with different DC bias voltages.
  • the transistors and transistor cells have different conduction threshold voltages. This is accomplished by varying the channel doping of an FET, for example, during fabrication.
  • the phase of the RF input is varied among the transistors, with or without varying the DC bias voltages to the transistors or the threshold voltages.
  • the channel and gate width to length ratios of the transistors are varied, preferably with the different gate width transistors being on the same semiconductor die, thereby decreasing sensitivity to process variations and component tolerances.
  • Fig. 1 is a symbolic representation of a conventional RF power transistor amplifier which may comprise a plurality of transistors driven by a common RF input with a common DC bias.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic of an RF transistor amplifier comprising three transistors, each driven by a common RF input, but with different DC bias voltages in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic of another embodiment of the invention in which three power transistors are driven by a common RF input with a common DC bias, but with different threshold levels.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic of another embodiment of the invention in which a plurality of FET transistors have different gate width to length ratios.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of third order intermodulation power for four LDMOS FETs with conventional bias and drive and with multigate bias, respectively.
  • Transconductance is a measure of change in output current as a function of input voltage.
  • incremental drain current, i d can be expressed as a function of incremental gate voltage, V g , around quiescent bias point I d (Vg, 0) where I d is the large-signal drain-current, as follows.
  • V V g .0 v g + 1 2 ⁇ d 2 ⁇ I d d ⁇ V g 2 ⁇
  • V V g .0 ⁇ v g 2 + 1 6 ⁇ d 3 ⁇ I d d ⁇ V g 3 ⁇
  • the second derivative or second harmonic of the transconductance derivatives is out of bound of the input signal frequency and thus does not present a problem.
  • the third derivative and higher odd derivatives are closer in frequency to the input signal and can cause linearity problems.
  • the adverse effects of odd order transconductance derivatives are reduced by cancellation of positive and negative values in multiple transistor cells. This is accomplished in several ways, as illustrated in Figs. 2-5 , rather than operating all transistor cells with a common RF input and a common DC bias voltage, and with common cell structures, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 1 in which all transistor cells illustrated at 10 are driven by one RF input signal 12 with a common DC bias voltage 14.
  • the transistors are organized into three groups 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 with the inputs and the outputs of the three groups connected together with a common RF input drive 12 and a common output 16.
  • each group has a separate DC bias as noted.
  • the biases can be for example 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 volts for an input voltage in the range of 4 to 5 volts.
  • the DC bias voltage can be applied along with the RF input drive applied to the control element (e.g. gate or base) of the transistors.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic of another embodiment of the invention in which three transistor group 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 have the same DC bias voltage and RF input drive, but the threshold voltages for the transistor groups differ by varying the channel doping of the transistor cells. For example, by changing the channel doping, the threshold voltage can be changed.
  • the DC bias voltage can be combined with the RF input drive applied to the control element (e.g., gate or base) of the transistors.
  • Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the invention in which the transistor groups 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 have the same DC bias 14 and with the same RF input 12, but the input is varied in phase by varying the lengths of input lines 12-1, 12-2, and 12-3.
  • the differences in input phases causes a staggering of the positive and negative values of transconductance derivatives for the multiple transistors, and when summed at 16, the positive and negative values tend to cancel.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic of another embodiment of the invention in which the transistor groups 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 have different gate width to length ratios. By changing the width to length ratios by 10-20%, the positive and negative values of the transconductance derivatives are again varied for the multiple transistor groups.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating third order derivative power (dBm or dBc) versus powerout (dBm) for four LDMOS FET transistors as conventionally driven and biased as shown at 60 and as driven with different bias voltages, similar to the schematic of Fig. 2 for three transistors, as shown at 62.
  • the transistors were driven at 2.14 GHz with a total output power of 70 Watts. It will be noted in the 8 to 13 dB backoff power range, the power of the third order derivatives is reduced from approximately 40 dBm to 60 dBm, and consequently increasing the linearity of the power amplifier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Amplificateur de puissance RF (10) ayant un fonctionnement et une linéarité améliorés comprenant une pluralité de transistors fonctionnant en parallèle (10-1, 10-2, 10-3) avec une tension d'attaque et une tension de polarisation appliquées aux transistors moyennant quoi des valeurs positive et négative de dérivés de transconductance impaire de la pluralité de transistors ont tendance à s'annuler.
  2. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les transistors ont des tensions de polarisation différentes.
  3. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les transistors ont des signaux d'entrée différents.
  4. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 3 dans lequel des phases des signaux d'entrée aux transistors sont différentes.
  5. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 4 dans lequel les transistors ont des tensions de polarisation différentes.
  6. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 4 dans lequel les transistors ont des tensions d'entrée différentes.
  7. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les transistors ont des tensions de polarisation différentes.
  8. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les transistors sont sélectionnés du groupe constitué de transistors à effet de champ et de transistors bipolaires.
  9. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 8 dans lequel les transistors à effet de champ et les transistors bipolaires comportent un matériau semi-conducteur composé et du silicium.
  10. Amplificateur de puissance RF ayant un fonctionnement et une linéarité améliorés comprenant une pluralité de transistors fonctionnant en parallèle (10-1, 10-2, 10-3) les transistors ayant des paramètres physiques différents moyennant quoi des valeurs positive et négative de dérivées de transconductance impaire de la pluralité de transistors s'annulent.
  11. Amplificateurs de puissance RF selon la revendication 10 dans lequel les transistors comprennent des transistors à effet de champ ayant des grilles, les rapports largeur par longueur des grilles des transistors étant différents.
  12. Amplificateur de puissance RF selon la revendication 10 dans lequel les transistors comprennent des transistors à effet de champ, le seuil de tension des transistors étant différent.
  13. Procédé pour l'amélioration de la linéarité opérationnelle d'un amplificateur de puissance à plusieurs transistors comprenant les étapes consistant à:
    a) prévoir une pluralité de groupes de transistors connectés à une sortie commune, et
    b) faire fonctionner la pluralité de groupes de transistors moyennant quoi des valeurs positive et négative de dérivés de transconductance d'ordre impair de signaux d'entrée tendent à s'annuler.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13 dans lequel l'étape b) comporte le fait de modifier les signaux d'entrée tels qu'ils sont appliqués à la pluralité de groupes.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14 dans lequel l'étape b) comporte le fait de fournir des signaux d'entrée ayant des phases différentes tels qu'ils sont appliqués à la pluralité de groupes.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 13 dans lequel l'étape b) comporte le fait d'appliquer des tensions de polarisation différentes à la pluralité de groupes.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 13 dans lequel l'étape a) comporte le fait de prévoir une pluralité de groupes de transistors ayant des paramètres physiques différents.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17 dans lequel les transistors sont des transistors à effet de champ ayant des grilles, chaque groupe de transistors ayant un rapport largeur par longueur de grille qui diffère des autres groupes.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 18 dans lequel les transistors sont des transistors à effet de champ, chaque groupe de transistors ayant des valeurs seuils qui diffèrent des autres groupes.
EP03768732A 2002-11-06 2003-11-04 Linearite d'amplificateur a transistors rf amelioree par transconductance de troisieme ordre supprimee Expired - Lifetime EP1573908B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US289734 1994-08-12
US10/289,734 US6819184B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 RF transistor amplifier linearity using suppressed third order transconductance
PCT/US2003/035415 WO2004045070A1 (fr) 2002-11-06 2003-11-04 Linearite d'amplificateur a transistors rf amelioree par transconductance de troisieme ordre supprimee

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1573908A1 EP1573908A1 (fr) 2005-09-14
EP1573908A4 EP1573908A4 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1573908B1 true EP1573908B1 (fr) 2010-06-02

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US (1) US6819184B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1573908B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4977320B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101056889B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1711679B (fr)
AT (1) ATE470264T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003291339A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2504979C (fr)
DE (1) DE60332868D1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI337450B (fr)
WO (1) WO2004045070A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
CN1711679A (zh) 2005-12-21
AU2003291339A1 (en) 2004-06-03
EP1573908A4 (fr) 2006-01-11
KR101056889B1 (ko) 2011-08-12
JP4977320B2 (ja) 2012-07-18
US20040085132A1 (en) 2004-05-06
WO2004045070A1 (fr) 2004-05-27
US6819184B2 (en) 2004-11-16
CA2504979A1 (fr) 2004-05-27
TW200414671A (en) 2004-08-01
TWI337450B (en) 2011-02-11
CN1711679B (zh) 2010-04-28
JP2006506020A (ja) 2006-02-16
EP1573908A1 (fr) 2005-09-14
CA2504979C (fr) 2011-10-18
KR20050084630A (ko) 2005-08-26
DE60332868D1 (de) 2010-07-15
ATE470264T1 (de) 2010-06-15

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