EP1577634B1 - Allumeur pour charge propulsive - Google Patents

Allumeur pour charge propulsive Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1577634B1
EP1577634B1 EP05001511A EP05001511A EP1577634B1 EP 1577634 B1 EP1577634 B1 EP 1577634B1 EP 05001511 A EP05001511 A EP 05001511A EP 05001511 A EP05001511 A EP 05001511A EP 1577634 B1 EP1577634 B1 EP 1577634B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
tube
closure cap
cap
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05001511A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1577634A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Unterstein
Hahn Dr. Ulf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Publication of EP1577634A1 publication Critical patent/EP1577634A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1577634B1 publication Critical patent/EP1577634B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
    • F42C19/0826—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition comprising an elongated perforated tube, i.e. flame tube, for the transmission of the initial energy to the propellant charge, e.g. used for artillery shells and kinetic energy penetrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a propellant charge igniter for cartridged ammunition with a head part and an adjoining the headboard, ignition ignitions having ignition in which a Anzündladung is arranged.
  • the sensitive explosive elements of the igniter chain must be in a protected, enveloped form.
  • a sealing of the sensitive ignition charge against environmental influences is required.
  • the ignition openings and threaded parts of the ignition tube must be reliably sealed in order to ensure the function of the TLAnz.
  • the sealing of the ignition charge must be reliably ensured for at least 10 years in moist and wet-aggressive climates, even if the corresponding cartridge is not completely sealed against moisture.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a propellant charge igniter, which has a Anzündrohr with an internally arranged protective tube which seals the ignition charge against external environmental influences even with increased moisture storage over a longer period of time.
  • the invention is based essentially on the idea to seal the protective tube on its head end facing the end by a non-positively connected to the thermowell cap against moisture.
  • closure cap also makes it possible to easily prefabricate an encapsulated protection tube with ignition charge and this unit for waterproofness e.g. to be checked by a visual check and weight control.
  • cap hat-shaped with and without edge brim.
  • the ignition charge facing side of the bottom of the cap is provided with predetermined breaking points forming depressions.
  • Fig.1 1 is a propellant charge for large-caliber cartridge tank ammunition, which consists essentially of a head part 2 and an adjoining thereto in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 of the lighter 1 ignition 4.
  • the head part 2 which contains an unillustrated primer cap and a booster charge 5, is provided with an external thread 6 for screwing the propellant lighter 1 into the bottom of the corresponding cartridge (not shown).
  • the ignition tube 4 is composed of a jacket tube 7 made of steel with ignition openings 8 and a seal arranged on the inside in the form of a protective tube 9 closed on the front side (for example of a plastic or metal foil).
  • the ignition openings 8 are closed by plugs 10 of a corresponding moisture-impermeable material.
  • the protective tube 9 is filled with a powder or rod-shaped ignition charge 11 and covers the ignition openings 8 on the inside.
  • the protective tube 9 On its end facing the head part 2, the protective tube 9 is provided according to the invention by means of e.g. hat-shaped cap 12 so tightly closed that no moisture in this area can penetrate into the interior of the protective tube 9.
  • the Fig.2-6 show different embodiments of caps.
  • Closure caps 12 ' which are plate-shaped and glued or welded to the head portion 2 of the TLAnz facing edge region 13 of the protective tube 9.
  • the closure cap 12 ' can be connected directly to the end face of the protective tube 9 ( Fig.2 ) or it is enclosed by the folded edge region 13 of the protective tube 9 ( Figure 3 ).
  • the 4 and 5 show hat-shaped caps 12 and 12 " Figure 5 the closure cap 12 is provided with a brim 14 which is enclosed by the folded-over edge region 13 of the protective tube 9.
  • Figure 6 is a further embodiment of a hat-shaped cap 12 '" shown, which is provided on its the ignition charge 11 facing side of the bottom 15 with predetermined breaking points forming circular recesses 16.
  • the wells do not necessarily have to be circular, but may also have another shape, such as a circular section shape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Allumeur de charge propulsive pour une munition à cartouche comprenant une partie de tête (2) et un tube d'allumage (4) qui vient se raccorder à la partie de tête (2) et dans lequel est disposée une charge d'allumage (11), avec les caractéristiques suivantes :
    a) le tube d'allumage (4) comprend un tube d'enveloppe (7) qui présente des ouvertures d'allumage (8) ainsi qu'un tube de protection (9) à paroi mince contenant la charge d'allumage (11) et disposé dans le tube d'enveloppe (7), dont la paroi extérieure repose contre la paroi intérieure du tube d'enveloppe (7) et recouvre les ouvertures d'allumage (8) du côté intérieur ;
    caractérisé par la caractéristique suivante :
    b) le tube de protection (9) est rendu étanche à l'humidité sur son extrémité faisant face à la partie de tête (2) par un capuchon de fermeture (12-12'') relié par adhérence avec le tube de protection (9).
  2. Allumeur de charge propulsive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capuchon de fermeture (12 ; 12"') est réalisé en forme de chapeau, le fond (15) du capuchon de fermeture (12 ; 12''') étant contigu à la charge d'allumage (11) et les parois latérales du capuchon de fermeture (12 ; 12''') s'étendant jusqu'à la zone de bordure côté frontal (13) du tube de protection (9).
  3. Allumeur de charge propulsive selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capuchon de fermeture (12 ; 12"') en forme de chapeau est muni du côté de son bord d'un rebord (14) qui soit repose sur la zone de bordure côté frontal (13) du tube de protection (9), soit qui est entouré par la zone de bordure (13) retournée du tube de protection (9).
  4. Allumeur de charge propulsive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capuchon de fermeture (12") est réalisé en forme de chapeau, le fond étant disposé du côté de la partie de tête et les parois latérales du capuchon de fermeture (12") s'étendant jusque dans la zone de la charge d'allumage (11).
  5. Allumeur de charge propulsive selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le côté du capuchon de fermeture (12"') qui fait face à la charge d'allumage (11) est muni d'enfoncements (16, 16') qui forment des points destinés à la rupture.
  6. Allumeur de charge propulsive selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures d'allumage (8) du tube d'enveloppe (7) sont fermées par des éléments (10) de type bouchons ou clips.
EP05001511A 2004-03-17 2005-01-26 Allumeur pour charge propulsive Expired - Lifetime EP1577634B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004012934A DE102004012934A1 (de) 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Treibladungsanzünder
DE102004012934 2004-03-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1577634A1 EP1577634A1 (fr) 2005-09-21
EP1577634B1 true EP1577634B1 (fr) 2011-06-01

Family

ID=34833149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05001511A Expired - Lifetime EP1577634B1 (fr) 2004-03-17 2005-01-26 Allumeur pour charge propulsive

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1577634B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE511627T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004012934A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007039662B4 (de) * 2007-08-22 2014-12-04 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Treibladungsanzünder
WO2010055088A1 (fr) 2008-11-13 2010-05-20 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Allumeur pyrotechnique
DE102022118632B4 (de) * 2022-07-26 2024-03-21 Nitrochemie Aschau Gmbh Hülse und Artillerieladung

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR866800A (fr) * 1940-05-09 1941-09-03 Procédé et dispositifs de protection des corps de gaine
US2455380A (en) * 1945-05-07 1948-12-07 Leo T Meister Method of manufacturing primers
GB605135A (en) * 1945-12-14 1948-07-16 John Norman Pring Improvements in or relating to magazines or containers for cartridge priming compositions
DE2344979A1 (de) * 1973-09-06 1975-03-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag Boerdelverschluss, insbesondere fuer treibladungsanzuender
FR2343987A1 (fr) * 1976-03-08 1977-10-07 France Etat Tube allumeur, notamment pour munition d'artillerie
SE7810386L (sv) * 1978-10-04 1980-04-05 Nitro Nobel Ab Rorformig forpackning for viskosa, viskoelastiska, plastiska samt pulver- eller kornformiga produkter
SE461682B (sv) * 1989-03-02 1990-03-12 Bofors Ab Anordning vid taendskruv
DE19631185A1 (de) * 1996-08-02 1998-02-05 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Treibladungsanzünder
FR2806789B1 (fr) * 2000-03-23 2002-06-07 Giat Ind Sa Tube allumeur pour une munition d'artillerie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE511627T1 (de) 2011-06-15
EP1577634A1 (fr) 2005-09-21
DE102004012934A1 (de) 2005-10-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE4241221A1 (de) Flüssiggasgenerator für ein aufblasbares Aufprallschutzkissen zum Schutz eines Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen vor Verletzungen
DE60104950T2 (de) Anzündrohr für artilleriemunition
EP0822385B1 (fr) Allumeur de charge propulsive
WO2012126554A1 (fr) Munition insensible
EP1577634B1 (fr) Allumeur pour charge propulsive
DE2911595A1 (de) Anordnung an einer sprengkapsel einer niedrigenergiezuendschnur
AT407576B (de) Vorrichtung zum auslösen einer lawine od.dgl.
EP3006889B1 (fr) Amorce chimique dotee d'un declenchement electrique
DE3507279A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum trennen des zugglieds eines vorgespannten verpressankers durch bilden einer sollbruchstelle
DE1814099C3 (de) Explosionssicherer Becherkondensator
WO2014106566A1 (fr) Caisse de munitions
EP3479051A1 (fr) Corps lacrymogène et procédé de fabrication dudit corps
AT522U1 (de) Antriebsvorrichtung fuer rueckhaltesysteme in kraftfahrzeugen
EP0733874B1 (fr) Dispositif pour simuler un projectile et méthode de fabrication d'un tel dispositif
DE2303241A1 (de) Unmagnetische schuetzenmine fuer den kriegseinsatz
AT396304B (de) Uebungs-handgranatenzuender
EP1345004A1 (fr) Roquette de feu d'artifice
WO2012150116A1 (fr) Contenant à matière active
DE3048621A1 (de) "dueppel-patrone"
DE2230068A1 (de) Perforiereinrichtung fuer bohrloecher
DE3783998T2 (de) Zuender zum nicht-elektrischen zuenden einer sprengladung.
DE2263249A1 (de) Minenanordnung mit mehreren wirkkoerpern
DE3434650A1 (de) In ein geschoss einsetzbarer behaelter
DE1923046U (de) Knallkapsel.
EP1426727A1 (fr) Contenant de charge de propulsion

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR LV MK YU

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20060307

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: RHEINMETALL WAFFE MUNITION GMBH

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502005011448

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110714

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20110601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110902

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110912

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111003

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111001

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20120302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502005011448

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: RHEINMETALL WAFFE MUNITION G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 20120131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 511627

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20120126

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110901

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120126

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120126

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20050126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 12

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502005011448

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: DREISS PATENTANWAELTE PARTG MBB, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502005011448

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: DREISS PATENTANWAELTE PARTG MBB, DE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240119

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240123

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240124

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 502005011448

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20250125

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20250125