EP1578609B1 - Procede et dispositif de controle en temps reel d'images imprimees - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de controle en temps reel d'images imprimees Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1578609B1
EP1578609B1 EP03795939A EP03795939A EP1578609B1 EP 1578609 B1 EP1578609 B1 EP 1578609B1 EP 03795939 A EP03795939 A EP 03795939A EP 03795939 A EP03795939 A EP 03795939A EP 1578609 B1 EP1578609 B1 EP 1578609B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pixels
image
segments
segment
colour
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03795939A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1578609A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Frei
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Oce Document Technologies GmbH
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Oce Document Technologies GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for real-time control of printed images.
  • Video cameras with stroboscopic lighting are used for the so-called online print control.
  • the images supplied by these cameras can then be visually inspected and fed to an automatic monitoring unit.
  • a known method for the automatic monitoring of printed products is described in DE 199 40 879 A1.
  • a reference image is generated, or, if it is already in digital form, provided.
  • An actual image is made by means of a stroboscopic flash of light detected.
  • the position of the actual image is mapped to the reference image by means of a suitable correlation method. Since an exact superposition of the reference image and the actual image is practically impossible, the reference image is subdivided into subregions. The individual subareas can join each other without gaps or even overlap. In each subarea, the differences of the color values of the pixels are determined.
  • the Structure indicator is assigned to the subarea, and if the differences in the subarea are less than a specified tolerance threshold, the color area is assigned to the subarea.
  • the actual image is compared with the target color values in subregions to which the color code is assigned on the basis of the actual color values.
  • the mean values or the sum of the amplitudes of all gray levels are determined and compared.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and apparatus for controlling printed images, with which the reliability and quality of control over conventional methods or devices is substantially increased.
  • a reference image is used which is segmented into a plurality of segments such that the segments each have a specific color property.
  • segments each comprising in the reference image an area with substantially the same color property.
  • the segments thus reflect the morphology of the image.
  • Color properties in the sense of the following invention can be, for example, gray levels and / or color values.
  • edge regions of the segments are not taken into account when comparing the pixels of the actual image with the corresponding reference values of the reference image, whereby small Passerverschiebonne, which are often unavoidable and not recognized by a viewer as an error, do not lead to unwanted error data.
  • a result image is generated in which the error data can be assigned to the individual pixels of the resulting image in binary form.
  • the result image can thus be represented as a binary image in which the areas are marked in which errors occur.
  • Such a binary image can be easily displayed on a display device and displays to an operator the defects of a printed image. This allows the operator to quickly and easily discover the errors and, if necessary, take corrective action.
  • Such a binary result image can also be compressed very strongly with compression methods known per se, since it only has large-area binary (white / black) regions. This allows the result images to be transmitted in real time to a monitoring station via a data line with limited transmission capacity. At the monitoring station, the compressed result images can be decompressed again and displayed on a display device.
  • the invention also provides a method for segmenting a reference image, in which regions with the same color characteristic are determined, wherein these regions each form a segment. Each of these segments is assigned a reference value which describes the color property of the respective segment.
  • the inventive method for real-time control of printed images is used in a printing system ( Figure 4).
  • a printing system comprises a printing device 1.
  • the method according to the invention is used in high-performance printers and in particular on continuous-paper printing printers.
  • Such a continuous paper is withdrawn from a paper roll 2 and fed to the printing device 1.
  • the printing device 1 is usually followed by a post-processing device 3, in which, for example, the continuous paper is cut into individual sheets.
  • the paper is guided by the printing device 1 to the post-processing device 3 along a paper path (shown schematically in Figure 3 by two pairs of rollers 4).
  • a line camera 5 is arranged, which is directed with its lens on the printed paper web. With such a line camera, the paper passed by can be detected electro-optically and these digital images can be created individually on the paper web of printed pages. These digital images each represent an actual image.
  • a line scan camera it is also possible to use another electro-optical detection device, such as a camera for recording a two-dimensional image in combination with a stroboscope, wherein the paper web is illuminated with light flashes emitted by the stroboscope, so that the respective individual sides are detected by the moving paper web ,
  • the camera 5 is connected to an evaluation device 6, which is usually a computer with a memory device and a central computing device.
  • the evaluation device 6 is connected to a display device 7.
  • the actual image generated by the camera 5 is stored in an image memory in the evaluation device 6 (step S2).
  • the position of the stored ACTUAL image relative to a desired position is determined. This can be done using registration marks or specific markings in the image itself. For this purpose, various correlation methods are known in the prior art.
  • an affine transformation is determined (step S3) with which the individual pixels of the actual image can be mapped to the desired position.
  • the individual pixels of the desired image or their color properties are compared with the reference values of a reference image in a loop (step S4).
  • the pixel to be compared with the reference image is first mapped to the corresponding location in the reference image by means of the affine transformations.
  • the reference image is divided into segments. This subdivision will be explained below. Each segment is assigned a reference value. In this comparison it is determined in which segment the affine transformed pixel lies, in which case the comparison value assigned to the segment is used. If the color characteristic of the pixel of the ACTUAL image deviates from the correspondingly selected reference value by a predetermined threshold (result of the comparison: no), this means that the pixel does not have the desired color characteristic.
  • a pixel at the corresponding position in the image is given a value representing the error (step S5). If the color characteristic of the pixel of the ACTUAL image within the range specified by the threshold lies around the reference value (result of the comparison: yes), this means that this pixel has the desired color characteristic and the corresponding pixel in the resulting image is assigned a value indicating the correctness of this pixel.
  • the error values are set with a "1" and the correct values with a "0".
  • step S7 it is checked whether all pixels of the target image have been compared with corresponding reference values.
  • step S8 the result image is prepared.
  • single or few connected pixels marked as defective are reset to the correct value.
  • a single or a few contiguous pixels, the number of which depends on the resolution of the image, are not recognized by a viewer of a printed image and are therefore not considered in the present method.
  • the result image is displayed on the display device 7 (step S9), so that the result image can be viewed by the operator of the printing system.
  • the result image may be provided to compress the result image after its preparation, for example, to transmit it via a local network to a control station, where the result image is decompressed and displayed on a display device. It has been shown that the binary result image, which usually consists of large areas with error values or correction values, can be compressed very strongly and therefore can be transmitted quickly and simply via data lines of lesser data capacity as a small amount of data.
  • the color properties can be represented by gray values and / or by color values. If color values are used, a color property can be described by several values. For example, if the color property is displayed in RGB space, then for each Color property to specify a color value for red, green and blue. In such multi-dimensional color properties, a distance value is used as the threshold value. This can be, for example, a specific Euclidean distance in the color space. However, it may also be expedient to vary the distance according to the human perception, which is designed differently with different colors, according to. For this purpose, for example, the RGB data of the actual image is converted into a color space which takes into account the properties of the human color space perception (eg CIELa * b *).
  • the desired values are then also provided in such a color space, so that here too the Euclidean distance can be used.
  • the edge regions of the segments are not taken into account in the comparison of the pixels of the actual image in step S4 with the corresponding reference values.
  • This is expedient because, despite the affine transformations, residual cover errors can arise. These can arise due to uncertainties of localization or non-linear changes of the actual and target images against each other, eg due to moisture expansion or sagging. That is, in the edge region, individual pixels could be mistakenly assigned to an adjacent segment, which would result in a misjudgment of the pixel. These problems in the edge area are thus eliminated by the non-consideration of the edge area.
  • the width of the border area depends on the resolution of the reference image. Suitable widths of the edge region are in the range of 1 to 10 pixels, preferably in the range of 1 to 4 pixels.
  • the assignment of the reference values is achieved by assigning a label to each segment and assigning the color property to each label. If the color property is a gray level, this assignment can be shown, for example, according to the following table: label Grayscale 0 nop 1 100 2 130 3 215 4 190 5 160 6 235 7 80 8th 55 9 30 10 255
  • the label 0 is assigned to the border areas and instead of a gray level the label 0 is assigned a code "nop" which means “no operation”. If a pixel is in the edge area, then the code is called for "no operation" during the comparison, whereby the comparison is not executed. For the other labels 1-10, the respective gray levels are called in comparison. In the comparison itself, the absolute value between the gray level of the reference value and the gray level of the pixel to be compared is formed and it is checked whether this absolute value is smaller than the threshold value. If this is the case, the gray level of the pixel lies within the desired range and the correct value is set in the result image. Otherwise, the error value is set in the result image.
  • each label is assigned a set of color values that describe the respective color.
  • a reference image must be provided (step S10).
  • the provision or generation of a reference image can take place in that a flawless printout of the image with the optical detection device 5, which is also used to acquire the ACTUAL image, is detected in order to generate a digital image file from the image.
  • the image to be printed already exists as a digital image file, it is also possible to use this image file directly.
  • the resolution of the actual image should be somewhat coarser than that of the image file serving as a print template, which is why the resolution is correspondingly reduced by means of suitable and known interpolation methods.
  • this pixel can not be assigned to any of the adjacent segments. This pixel forms the core for a new segment, creating a new label of the mapping table and entering that new label in the reference image at the pixel's location.
  • the new label is first assigned the color property of the one pixel in the allocation table, which triggered the formation of the new segment.
  • This color property can be assigned as a reference value to this label (step S12).
  • the reference image consists of contiguous areas whose pixels are each assigned a specific label.
  • the pixels of the edge regions of the segments are now assigned the label for the edge region, namely the label "0" (step S13).
  • the image is examined whether there are segments which have less than a predetermined number of pixels and are thus smaller than a predetermined size. If such segments are present, it is checked whether the color properties of adjacent segments do not differ from the color characteristic of this small segment by a predetermined second threshold. If so, these two segments are combined into a single segment, with a new label being assigned to this new segment. The weighted average of the reference values of the two original labels is assigned to this new label as the reference value. With this union of small segments with further segments, the subdivision into very small segments is avoided, as far as possible, since such small segments, especially if an edge region is provided which is not tested, is not appropriate for the control of the printed image.
  • FIG. 5 shows a reference image which has two rectangles.
  • the top rectangle is completely black and the bottom rectangle has a black-and-white gradient from bottom to top.
  • FIG. 6 shows the boundaries of the segments of the reference image shown in FIG.
  • the black rectangle forms a single segment 9.
  • the lower rectangle with the linear color gradient is subdivided into a plurality of strip-shaped segments 9 whose reference value describes the mean color characteristic of the respective strip, ie the average brightness or gray level of this strip.
  • FIG. 8 shows an actual image in which certain regions 8 are not printed correctly.
  • the result image ( Figure 8) which has been determined according to the method explained above, these are not Correctly printed areas 8 are shown in black and the remaining area of the result image is white.
  • An operator of the printing system who sees the black areas of the result image immediately recognizes that there is a misprint and can initiate appropriate action to correct the misprint.
  • FIG. 9 shows another reference image.
  • FIG. 10 shows the reference image from FIG. 9 after the segmentation according to step S11.
  • Each segment is assigned a specific color property.
  • the individual segments are here represented in each case by the color property, which in the present case is a gray level.
  • the color properties are displayed here with false colors, that is, the brightness of the individual segments in FIG. 10 does not permit any statement about the actual gray level of the respective segment.
  • Figure 10 one recognizes many small "spots", each forming a segment.
  • FIG. 11 shows the image segmented according to FIG. 10 after the union of segments according to step S14. Here it can be clearly seen that many areas with small different spots have been connected to large uniform areas.
  • the image of FIG. 11 has been further processed by assigning the label 0 according to step S13 to the edge regions which have been detected.
  • the edge regions are shown in white in FIG.
  • the remaining areas are shown in black.
  • Figure 12 it can be clearly seen that the segmentation corresponds to the original morphology ( Figure 9) of the image.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out on the printing system shown in FIG.
  • the method can be used as a computer program, which is stored executable on the computer of the evaluation, be realized.
  • This computer program can be stored on a data medium and executed on other printing systems.
  • the quality in the automatic monitoring of printed images in real time is improved by using a reference image which is segmented such that the pixels of the segments have approximately the same color characteristic.
  • the segments of the reference image approximately reproduce the morphology of the reference image, wherein each segment is associated with a color property of the segment very well descriptive reference value.
  • the pixels of the actual image are each compared with the reference value of the corresponding segment. This comparison is very reliable due to the high quality of the reference value.
  • Edge areas of the segments are not taken into account in the comparison.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour le contrôle, en particulier le contrôle en temps réel, d'images d'impression, comportant les étapes suivantes .
    - détection électro-optique et numérisation d'une image effective en pixels individuels,
    - utilisation d'une image de référence qui est segmentée en plusieurs segments (9) de telle manière que les pixels dans les segments (9) présentent quasiment la même caractéristique chromatique, une valeur de référence décrivant cette caractéristique chromatique étant affectée aux pixels disposés dans chacun des segments,
    - comparaison entre les caractéristiques chromatiques des pixels de l'image effective et les valeurs de référence correspondantes de l'image de référence, moyennant quoi en cas de divergence au-delà d'une valeur seuil prédéterminée, un pixel correspondant dans l'image résultante est marqué comme erreur, et moyennant quoi les régions du pourtour des segments (9) ne sont pas prises en compte pour la comparaison.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les caractéristiques chromatiques affectées aux segments sont des niveaux de gris et/ou des valeurs de couleurs.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la comparaison, les pixels de l'image effective sont appliqués sur les pixels correspondants de l'image de référence par une application affine.
  4. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les régions du pourtour présentent une largeur d'un ordre de 1 à 10 pixels, et de préférence d'un ordre de 1 à 4 pixels.
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'image résultante est mise en forme en replaçant dans l'image résultante les pixels isolés ou peu connexes et marqués comme erreurs, de sorte que ces derniers n'apparaissent pas comme erreurs dans l'image résultante mise en forme.
  6. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'image résultante est comprimée pour sa transmission à une station de contrôle.
  7. Procédé de segmentation d'une image de référence pour un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - élaboration d'une image numérique de référence comportant une pluralité de pixels,
    - détermination de régions connexes présentant quasiment la même caractéristique chromatique, chacune de ces régions formant un segment (9),
    - affectation d'une valeur de référence aux pixels d'un segment (9), la valeur de référence étant une mesure de la caractéristique chromatique de chaque segment (9).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'on affecte aux pixels du pourtour des segments (9) une valeur de non-référence, ce qui veut dire que ces pixels ne sont pas à comparer aux pixels de l'image effective.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que, lors de la détermination des régions connexes présentant la même caractéristique chromatique, on choisit pour cette région tous les pixels dont les valeurs de caractéristique chromatique se situent à l'intérieur d'une certaine plage avoisinant cette caractéristique chromatique.
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les segments qui sont plus petits qu'une grandeur prédéterminée, et qui présentent un segment voisin dont la caractéristique chromatique ne diverge pas de la caractéristique chromatique de ce segment de plus que d'un écart chromatique prédéterminé, sont fusionnés avec le segment voisin, moyennant quoi on utilise comme caractéristique chromatique du segment fusionné une caractéristique chromatique obtenue à partir des caractéristiques chromatiques des deux segments.
  11. Dispositif pour le contrôle en temps réel d'images d'impression, comprenant :
    - un dispositif d'impression (1) pour l'impression d'un support,
    - un dispositif de détection optique (5) pour la détection optique du support imprimé pour la production d'une image effective,
    - un dispositif d'évaluation (6) qui est connecté au dispositif de détection optique (5), ledit dispositif d'évaluation (6) comprenant un ordinateur comportant une mémoire et une unité centrale de traitement, et
    - un programme exécutable mémorisé dans la mémoire du dispositif d'évaluation (6) pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 10.
  12. Produit logiciel pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 10.
  13. Produit logiciel selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que qu'il est mémorisé sur un support de données lisible par machine.
EP03795939A 2002-12-20 2003-12-19 Procede et dispositif de controle en temps reel d'images imprimees Expired - Lifetime EP1578609B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10261221 2002-12-20
DE10261221A DE10261221A1 (de) 2002-12-20 2002-12-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Echtzeitkontrolle von Druckbildern
PCT/EP2003/014630 WO2004056570A1 (fr) 2002-12-20 2003-12-19 Procede et dispositif de controle en temps reel d'images imprimees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1578609A1 EP1578609A1 (fr) 2005-09-28
EP1578609B1 true EP1578609B1 (fr) 2006-08-30

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EP03795939A Expired - Lifetime EP1578609B1 (fr) 2002-12-20 2003-12-19 Procede et dispositif de controle en temps reel d'images imprimees

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US (1) US20060124012A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1578609B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10261221A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004056570A1 (fr)

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DE102005060893C5 (de) * 2005-12-20 2019-02-28 Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines drucktechnischen Messwertes
DE102006010180A1 (de) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Erfassung druckqualitätsrelevanter Parameter an einem Druckprodukt
DE102007025910B4 (de) * 2007-06-01 2013-08-29 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Hintergrundbeleuchtung
DE102007043034A1 (de) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-12 Falk, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Inline-Qualitätssicherung an Druckmaschinen
JP5383416B2 (ja) * 2009-10-06 2014-01-08 キヤノン株式会社 画像処理装置及びその制御方法とプログラム
CN102501591B (zh) * 2011-10-21 2013-12-18 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 多层陶瓷封装印刷图形性能检测方法
JP6241121B2 (ja) * 2012-09-14 2017-12-06 株式会社リコー 画像検査装置、画像検査システム及び画像検査方法
EP2905136B1 (fr) * 2014-02-07 2018-03-28 Müller Martini Holding AG Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une machine de finition d'impression
CN111630834B (zh) 2018-01-25 2022-08-09 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 从褪色预测耗尽的打印设备着色剂
DE102019120938B4 (de) * 2019-08-02 2023-12-21 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Druckinspektionsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Inspektion eines Druckbildes eines Druckobjekts
WO2021086481A1 (fr) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Détermination de réglages d'impression
EP3875273A1 (fr) * 2020-03-02 2021-09-08 BST eltromat International GmbH Procédé d'enregistrement des données d'inspection des produits imprimés

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DE19516352A1 (de) * 1995-05-04 1996-11-07 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Vorrichtung zur Bildinspektion
EP0872810A4 (fr) * 1996-10-09 2000-04-19 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Procede et appareil de detection de defauts de raies sur des documents imprimes
DE19705017A1 (de) * 1997-02-10 1998-08-13 Delphi Systemsimulation Gmbh Verfahren zum Segmentieren eines digitalen Bildes
US6832002B2 (en) * 1997-02-10 2004-12-14 Definiens Ag Method of iterative segmentation of a digital picture
US6024018A (en) * 1997-04-03 2000-02-15 Intex Israel Technologies Corp., Ltd On press color control system
JP3748164B2 (ja) * 1998-02-06 2006-02-22 富士通株式会社 パターン抽出装置
US6421458B2 (en) * 1998-08-28 2002-07-16 Cognex Corporation Automated inspection of objects undergoing general affine transformation
DE19940879A1 (de) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-08 Innomess Elektronik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Vergleich von Druckbildern an Druckmaschinen

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DE10261221A1 (de) 2004-07-15
WO2004056570A1 (fr) 2004-07-08
EP1578609A1 (fr) 2005-09-28
DE50304902D1 (de) 2006-10-12
US20060124012A1 (en) 2006-06-15

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