EP1600908A2 - Corps optique - Google Patents

Corps optique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1600908A2
EP1600908A2 EP05009863A EP05009863A EP1600908A2 EP 1600908 A2 EP1600908 A2 EP 1600908A2 EP 05009863 A EP05009863 A EP 05009863A EP 05009863 A EP05009863 A EP 05009863A EP 1600908 A2 EP1600908 A2 EP 1600908A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
optical
central axis
optical body
optics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05009863A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1600908A3 (fr
Inventor
Frank Dr. Wimbert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FER Fahrzeugelektrik GmbH
Original Assignee
FER Fahrzeugelektrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FER Fahrzeugelektrik GmbH filed Critical FER Fahrzeugelektrik GmbH
Publication of EP1600908A2 publication Critical patent/EP1600908A2/fr
Publication of EP1600908A3 publication Critical patent/EP1600908A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • F21S43/31—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S43/315—Optical layout thereof using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/40—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the combination of reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical body according to the preamble of claim 1 and to optical arrangements, comprising a plurality of such optical body and for lights, in particular Automotive lights, are suitable.
  • the lights that surround this central bundle fall on inner, that is, the center of the optical body surrounding interfaces on which they by total reflection substantially perpendicular to the direction of the central jet so be deflected so that they spread radially outward in the optic body.
  • outer interfaces that are structured and directed such that also by total reflection a renewed deflection of the light rays by 90 °, so that they initially propagate in the optical body parallel to the central beam, then around without refraction through a flat, the light entrance side opposite interface withdraw.
  • this known optical body thus serves as a collimator, which initially very close and not very divergent light bundles of the light source parallelized and perpendicular to Direction of the central beam expands. But it does not become a very uniform intensity distribution achieved because the central light emerging from the optic body, although very much bright but only has a very small diameter, so that in plan view a lighter Central point arises, which is surrounded by a dark ring surface, by total reflection arises at the inner boundary surfaces of the optic body.
  • the known optical body is so far very flat, as he in the direction of the central beam has a comparatively small extent, but in particular it has if it is to be shaped in such a way that it widens the light bundle considerably, it varies greatly Material thickness, which is unfavorable in a production by injection molding.
  • the invention has the object, an optical body of the above so-called type so that with his help as uniform as possible intensity distribution can be achieved in the expanded light beam and its production Designed as simple and inexpensive.
  • the optical body according to the invention able to interact with a light source, in particular a light emitting diode, their light with a Lambertian distribution in a nearly hemispherical Room area radiates, d. H. So emits a cone of light whose vertex angle is almost 180 °.
  • the radial distribution of this light is inter alia also by the fact that the border areas entering through the peripheral wall of the depression in the optical body This very wide beam of light will be widened by refraction at first, in order to then to meet outside wall portions of the base part of the optic body, where they are reflected so that they are in the interior of the optical body in parallel or with a low divergence to the central beam propagate further.
  • the inner wall sections of the optical body according to the invention divided into two types of sections which are generally arranged alternately and of which the first are similar as in the prior art, are shaped and oriented to meet the impact on them, to reflect the central beam in approximately parallel light radially outward, between which But unlike the known optical body second sections are located, the the incident on them, also to the central beam in approximately parallel light from the optic body Disconnect without or with a precisely controllable change of direction.
  • This change of direction can be achieved by lens structures in these second subsections are provided, which divert the light passing through them so that the brightened by the adjacent reflective portions generated darker zones become and a very uniform intensity distribution arises.
  • a particular advantage of the alternating arrangement of reflective and decoupling Subsections is that they the optical body according to the invention a step-shaped Gives structure that leads to smaller differences in material thickness than this is the case in the prior art.
  • the optical body according to the invention bounded on two opposite sides each by a flat surface, wherein these surfaces to a through the central beam of the optical body passing through Central plane extending mirror light mirror symmetry, preferably parallel to are arranged one another.
  • the optical body is no longer with respect to the central beam rotationally symmetrical and distributes the light coupled into it in one of said central plane parallel preferred direction over a much greater length than in this vertical direction.
  • Such optic bodies can be attached to each other in a very simple way and in particular make one piece that their preferred directions are aligned with each other and the like formed optical assembly is capable of a narrow, but very elongated light transmission surface with a comparatively small number of LEDs with very high Uniformity to illuminate, as for example in high-set brake lights is required for motor vehicles.
  • This uniformity can still be inventively improve by giving the series of optical bodies a further distribution optics nachordnet, which is formed for example by a lens, on their the optic bodies facing and / or side facing away from the optic bodies as optically active Component is formed.
  • this disc facing the optical bodies on their Side has a plurality of cylindrical lenses whose mutually parallel axes transverse to the longitudinal direction of the disc or to the above-mentioned preferred direction of the optical body series run, and on its outside a single, continuous cylindrical lens forms, whose axis is perpendicular to the cylindrical lenses on the inside. Owns it the disc has a completely smooth outer surface, so it also acts as a light transmission plate a vehicle lamp can be used in which this provided for outdoor installation is, the light transmission plate thus not covered by more transparency discs and protected against contamination.
  • the disc can also be provided with cushion optics, which give their outer side a structure with elevations and depressions.
  • the further distribution optics of the same injection-moldable material as The optic bodies are made so that all these elements are integrally connected as a single component can be produced.
  • the superior disc can have a larger dimension transverse to the longitudinal direction than the pre-distributing optics.
  • the light of the coupling-out sections of the vorver kindden optics with the help of these auskoppelnden sections provided Lenses are widened so that the pre-set disc evenly transversely to the longitudinal direction and fully lit.
  • optically active Structures may be used to correct a differential expansion, if necessary become.
  • FIG. 1 shows a light source 1 in the form of a light-emitting diode, which, as shown in FIG 1 right light beam 2 is indicated, their light with a roughly Lambertian distribution radiates into a conical spatial region whose vertex angle is nearly 180 °.
  • a coordinate system X, Y and Z where the Z direction through the central axis ZS of the light beam emitted by the light source 1 should be defined.
  • the drawing planes of Figures 1, 2a and 3 are respectively spanned by the direction Z and a direction perpendicular thereto X.
  • the perpendicular to Y-direction extending along these X-Z planes thus corresponds to the viewing direction of the observer.
  • the light source 1 is an optical body 3 downstream, in the section plane of FIG. 1 passing through the central axis ZS of the light source 1 is formed in approximately V-shaped.
  • V-legs 5, 6 are arranged symmetrically to the central axis ZS and converge to a base part 8, with which they are integrally connected, and located in is located in the immediate vicinity of the light source 1.
  • a sunken Well 10 is provided, which has a cylindrical peripheral wall 11 and whose in FIG 1 overhead end wall is curved so that it forms a converging lens 12.
  • the light source 1 projects so far into the recess 10 with its housing that its light emitting region L coincides approximately with the focal point of the condenser lens 12, the as a collimator lens for the parts of it emitted from the light source 1 Light is used so that the relevant light rays inside the optic body 3 initially extend approximately parallel to the central axis ZS, as shown by the light beam 15th is shown.
  • the light source 1 protrudes so far into the recess 10 that virtually the entire emitted by her light is coupled into the optical body 3, in particular the outer regions of a vertex angle of nearly 180 ° possessing light cone the peripheral wall 11 of the recess 10 pass and thereby something to the X-axis are refracted, as shown for the light beams 2 and 16.
  • part of the light reflected on the outer wall portion 18 Light in the interior of the optic body 3 forwarded so that he, if he after several reflections taking place in the interior of the optical body 3 from this emerges, a has significantly greater distance from the central axis ZS, as after the first reflection on the outer wall area 18. This will be explained in more detail below.
  • the base part 8 On its opposite side of the converging lens 12, the base part 8 has a central Exit region 20, which extends substantially perpendicular to the central axis ZS. He can either be completely flat, so that the light that passes through him to the Central axis ZS remains collimated. Alternatively, it is designed as a lens that the through the Outlet region 20 passing light beam gives a desired divergence.
  • the education shown in Figure 1 is a diverging lens, but also training as a converging lens possible, in the latter case, the light beam 15 at a point given by the focal length of this convergent lens cross the central axis ZS would, without any other divergence of the through the exit area 20 must pass through light beam.
  • the adjoining the outlet region 20 Wall portions of the V-legs 5, 6 referred to as “inner wall areas", because they are closer to the central axis ZS, while the outer wall region 18 of the base part 8 adjoining wall areas of the V-legs 5, 6 as “outer wall areas” be designated.
  • the inner wall regions of the V-limbs 5, 6 are in first and divided second sections 22 and 24, wherein the first sections 22 shaped and are inclined towards the Z-direction that they impinging on them, in the optical body. 3 substantially parallel to the central axis ZS propagating light in approximately perpendicular to the ZS direction to reflect the outer wall portions of the V-legs 5, 6 out, as for the Light beam 16 is shown.
  • the second sections 24 extend substantially in planes that are parallel to the X-Y plane, i. that is, perpendicular to the central axis ZS.
  • These second sections 24 can either be completely flat, so that in the interior of the optical body 3 substantially parallel to the Z-axis propagating light through it passes without change of direction, i. So its parallelism to the central axis ZS maintains.
  • these second sections 24 can also be used as refractive lenses, for example designed as collecting or dissipating cylindrical lenses or pillow optics to be a further fine distribution of emerging from the optical body 3 light to achieve.
  • the latter is shown in Figure 1, which reflects that the light beam 2 at its Exiting through the associated second section 24 a significant change in direction experiences.
  • the inner and outer wall portions of the V-legs 5, 6 may have more than the illustrated reflective sections 22, 26, so that e.g. the light beam 16 after its reflection at the outer wall portion 18 of the Base part 8 is not only reflected twice but four times or more, creating a even greater spread of the output from the optic body 3 light beam is possible.
  • the optical body 3 can be rotationally symmetrical about the central axis ZS be, so that he in all through this central axis ZS running cutting planes the has the same shape, as shown for example in Fig. 1.
  • an optical body 3 when the light emitted from the optical body 3 is mainly in a preferred direction, For example, the X-direction to be widened, an optical body 3, the in the central Z-X plane has the cross section shown in Figure 1, by flat surfaces limited, arranged in two mirror-symmetrical to the plane of the figure 1 Layers lie. The expansion of the light beam then takes place mainly in the X direction and to a very limited extent in the perpendicular Y direction instead.
  • the two flat boundary surfaces preferably parallel to each other, can but also to converge on each other.
  • I'm so close to each other's distance that they do not intersect the depression 10 which is sunk into the base part 8 of the optic body 3.
  • Such limited by flat side surfaces optic body are particularly suitable to illuminate rectangular areas in a plane parallel to the X-Y plane lie and in the X direction have a significantly greater length extension than in the Y direction.
  • such an optical arrangement comprises 30 preferably a further distribution optics 33, in the main direction Z of the light propagation subordinate to the integrally interconnected optical bodies 3, the viewer of the concerned lamp ago seen but is pre-set.
  • This further distribution optics 33 has preferably the shape of a made of the same material as the optical body 3 Disc 34, which can also serve as a light transmission plate at the same time, the Light exit opening of a luminaire closes.
  • a particularly favorable manufacturability of the optical assemblies 30 results when the integrally interconnected optical body also integrally connected to the disc 34 are so that the optical assembly 30 are produced as a single injection molded part can.
  • This one-piece connection can either, as shown in Figure 2a, by a circumferential Edge web 40 or, as shown in Figure 3, by a plurality of webs 42nd which are then each in the connecting region of two adjacent Optics bodies 3 are arranged so that there is a connection with the superior Make disc 34.
  • the disc 34 is surrounded by a welding edge 45, which is for connection with the luminaire housing.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b also show optically non-active surfaces Verstemmdome 47 or latching hook possibly with positioning domes for attaching the Light-emitting diode-carrying printed circuit board (not shown) in a precisely defined position.
  • each this second sections 24 forms a pillow look.
  • the primary Lichtverteiloptik formed by the optical bodies 3 in the Y direction very narrow, resulting in lower wall thickness and thus lower cycle times and means lower material costs in injection molding.
  • the expanded light then hits on the disc 34 and radiates through it in the entire Y-direction.
  • the longitudinal direction lying cylindrical outer optics 38, the vertical expansion of the light accordingly reduce or increase the lighting requirements.
  • the disc 34 also on its side facing away from the optic bodies 3 side a plurality of cylinders - and / or cushion optics.
  • optical bodies of the invention can be with the optical bodies of the invention to design a variety of other lighting configurations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
EP05009863A 2004-05-29 2005-05-04 Corps optique Withdrawn EP1600908A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004026530 2004-05-29
DE102004026530A DE102004026530B3 (de) 2004-05-29 2004-05-29 Optikkörper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1600908A2 true EP1600908A2 (fr) 2005-11-30
EP1600908A3 EP1600908A3 (fr) 2006-12-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05009863A Withdrawn EP1600908A3 (fr) 2004-05-29 2005-05-04 Corps optique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20050265041A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1600908A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004026530B3 (fr)

Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006040291A3 (fr) * 2004-10-14 2006-07-06 Fiat Ricerche Element optique et module pour la projection d'un faisceau lumineux et phare d'automobile comprenant une pluralite de modules selon l'invention
WO2009001272A1 (fr) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d'émission de lumière équipé d'un guide de lumière en forme de cône tronqué
WO2009153326A1 (fr) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-23 Laboratorio Bs S.R.L. Procédé de fabrication d'une lentille et lentille fabriquée au moyen de ce procédé
EP2565696A1 (fr) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Lentille de condensation et dispositif d'éclairage équipé de ladite lentille de condensation
CN103629623A (zh) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-12 卡车灯欧洲有限责任公司 用于车灯的光学本体
AT518558A1 (de) * 2016-04-18 2017-11-15 Zkw Group Gmbh Vorsatzoptik für eine Lichtquelle zum Erzeugen einer verzweigten Leuchtfläche
CN109519726A (zh) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-26 广东省半导体产业技术研究院 Led光源集成光学装置及发光器件
EP3480642A1 (fr) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-08 Depo Auto Parts Ind. Co., Ltd. Élément optique et lampe de véhicule
AT17285U1 (de) * 2015-03-16 2021-11-15 Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh Optisches Element zur Beeinflussung der Lichtabgabe von Leuchtmitteln
EP4015897A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ZKW Group GmbH Dispositif de feux de signalisation ou dispositif d'éclairage pour un phare de véhicule automobile

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DE102006002324A1 (de) * 2006-01-18 2007-07-19 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Leuchteinheit für Fahrzeuge
CN100559061C (zh) * 2007-05-08 2009-11-11 宏塑工业股份有限公司 一种不对称广角照明装置
DE102010014099A1 (de) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh Leuchte mit Abdeckscheibe
JP5441801B2 (ja) * 2010-04-12 2014-03-12 株式会社小糸製作所 車両用灯具
US9598001B2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2017-03-21 Ali Omidfar Hazard beacon
CN103511978B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2018-05-01 欧司朗股份有限公司 透镜、照明装置和灯箱
JP5988764B2 (ja) * 2012-08-10 2016-09-07 株式会社小糸製作所 車両用照明灯具
GB201304397D0 (en) * 2013-03-12 2013-04-24 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Daylight opening surround
US9464768B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-10-11 Code 3, Inc. Collimating light head including base with projecting dome-like lens
CN104613414A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-13 林万炯 一种透镜及具有该透镜的led模组
CN109386770B (zh) * 2016-02-02 2021-01-01 浙江光锥科技有限公司 洗墙灯透镜、具有该洗墙灯透镜的发光模块和洗墙灯
US10330902B1 (en) 2017-06-16 2019-06-25 Dbm Reflex Enterprises Inc. Illumination optics and devices
CN211293468U (zh) * 2019-05-14 2020-08-18 法雷奥照明湖北技术中心有限公司 光学结构、相应的车灯和车辆
DE102019211799B4 (de) * 2019-08-06 2024-02-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Lichtverteilung für ein Fahrzeug
DE102023105416A1 (de) 2023-03-06 2024-09-12 Marelli Automotive Lighting Reutlingen (Germany) GmbH Lichtleiter und Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit einem Lichtleiter

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Cited By (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7651246B2 (en) 2004-10-14 2010-01-26 C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni Optical element and module for the projection of a light beam, and motor vehicle lamp including a plurality of such modules
WO2006040291A3 (fr) * 2004-10-14 2006-07-06 Fiat Ricerche Element optique et module pour la projection d'un faisceau lumineux et phare d'automobile comprenant une pluralite de modules selon l'invention
WO2009001272A1 (fr) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d'émission de lumière équipé d'un guide de lumière en forme de cône tronqué
WO2009153326A1 (fr) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-23 Laboratorio Bs S.R.L. Procédé de fabrication d'une lentille et lentille fabriquée au moyen de ce procédé
US8879170B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2014-11-04 Samsung Electronics., Ltd. Condensing lens and lighting device equipped with said condensing lens
EP2565696A1 (fr) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Lentille de condensation et dispositif d'éclairage équipé de ladite lentille de condensation
CN102980134A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-20 三星Led株式会社 会聚透镜以及配备所述会聚透镜的照明装置
CN103629623B (zh) * 2012-08-21 2015-12-02 卡车灯欧洲有限责任公司 用于车灯的光学本体
CN103629623A (zh) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-12 卡车灯欧洲有限责任公司 用于车灯的光学本体
AT17285U1 (de) * 2015-03-16 2021-11-15 Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh Optisches Element zur Beeinflussung der Lichtabgabe von Leuchtmitteln
AT518558A1 (de) * 2016-04-18 2017-11-15 Zkw Group Gmbh Vorsatzoptik für eine Lichtquelle zum Erzeugen einer verzweigten Leuchtfläche
AT518558B1 (de) * 2016-04-18 2018-03-15 Zkw Group Gmbh Vorsatzoptik für eine Lichtquelle zum Erzeugen einer verzweigten Leuchtfläche sowie Lichtmodul für einen Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer
EP3480642A1 (fr) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-08 Depo Auto Parts Ind. Co., Ltd. Élément optique et lampe de véhicule
US10711967B2 (en) 2017-11-01 2020-07-14 Maxzone Vehicle Lighting Corp. Optical element and vehicle lamp
CN109519726A (zh) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-26 广东省半导体产业技术研究院 Led光源集成光学装置及发光器件
EP4015897A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ZKW Group GmbH Dispositif de feux de signalisation ou dispositif d'éclairage pour un phare de véhicule automobile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050265041A1 (en) 2005-12-01
DE102004026530B3 (de) 2006-02-02
EP1600908A3 (fr) 2006-12-13

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