EP1614965A2 - Chaudière pour la combustion de carburant solide, en particulier de biomasse - Google Patents

Chaudière pour la combustion de carburant solide, en particulier de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1614965A2
EP1614965A2 EP05009658A EP05009658A EP1614965A2 EP 1614965 A2 EP1614965 A2 EP 1614965A2 EP 05009658 A EP05009658 A EP 05009658A EP 05009658 A EP05009658 A EP 05009658A EP 1614965 A2 EP1614965 A2 EP 1614965A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ash
heating boiler
boiler
combustion chamber
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05009658A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1614965A3 (fr
EP1614965B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Bloos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heizomat-Geratebau and Energiesysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
Heizomat-Geratebau and Energiesysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heizomat-Geratebau and Energiesysteme GmbH filed Critical Heizomat-Geratebau and Energiesysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1614965A2 publication Critical patent/EP1614965A2/fr
Publication of EP1614965A3 publication Critical patent/EP1614965A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1614965B1 publication Critical patent/EP1614965B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/02—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel for indirect heating of a medium in a vessel, e.g. for boiling water
    • F23B1/08—Internal furnaces, i.e. with furnaces inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed from below through an opening in the fuel-supporting surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler for the combustion of solid fuel, in particular for biomass, which has a combustion chamber, a bottom arranged therein, a fuel supply device and an ash container.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved boiler for the combustion of solid fuel, in particular for biomass.
  • a heating boiler according to claim 1.
  • an ash discharge device with at least one discharge element is provided for removing the ash from the combustion chamber region, which is slidably disposed over the floor in the combustion chamber.
  • the ash is moved laterally over the bottom of the combustion chamber, on which the fuel is burned.
  • a significant advantage is therefore to be seen in the fact that the ash with the aid of the ash discharge device is removed directly from the combustion chamber floor and can be fed directly to the ash container.
  • Under ash container is understood here any receiving volume for the ashes, which is provided for receiving the ash supplied via the discharge element.
  • the ash container can therefore in the broadest sense also be an adjoining the ground further conveyor, such as a downpipe or a conveyor belt.
  • the floor has a smooth surface and is free of diarrhea openings for ashes.
  • the ash container is preferably arranged directly.
  • the design of the floor with a smooth surface avoids the risk of jamming of foreign bodies for the ash discharge and thus a blockage of the ash discharge device.
  • the smooth bottom allows easy sliding of the ash to the ash container.
  • the soil exits from the side of the combustion chamber and extends continuously to the ash container.
  • the bottom thus forms an essentially through the entire boiler extending bottom of the boiler, with a portion of this bottom of the boiler is also the bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • the ash discharge device extends over the entire bottom in order to reliably convey the ash to the ash container.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart discharge elements are provided.
  • Discharge elements are formed between two successive discharge elements Brenngut chambers, which form quasi individual "batches".
  • the distance between two successive Austragsettin is greater than the average Brenngut size and in particular larger than any expected foreign body. The firing material thus falls between the discharge elements on the ground.
  • a control is provided, via which the feed rate of the discharge element can be adjusted or controlled or regulated.
  • the control is in this case designed in particular such that the discharge element can be moved continuously or discontinuously over the ground.
  • a flow and return is possible, so that any jamming or the like can be remedied by a reverse operation. Also can be achieved by targeted flow and return a homogenization or mixing of the combustible.
  • the feed rate and thus the residence time of the combustible material in the combustion chamber is adjusted via the controller.
  • the setting is made here fuel or Brenngut-dependent.
  • the boiler can therefore be operated easily with a variety of biomass fuels efficiently.
  • the control of the residence time takes place here automatically.
  • a monitoring or a measuring device for determining the degree of combustion is provided.
  • the feed rate is regulated depending on the degree of combustion.
  • a circulating conveyor chain for displacing the at least one discharge element according to an expedient development, to which the at least one discharge element is attached.
  • the conveyor chain can be driven by an electric motor.
  • the bottom is formed trough-like in cross-section and the discharge element is adapted to the trough-like cross-section. Due to the trough-like cross-section, the ash collects centrally at the bottom of the trough. As a result of the adapted geometry of the discharge element, that is to say, in particular, a curvature adapted to the trough-like cross section, the accumulating ash is displaced largely completely over the bottom.
  • the discharge element is designed as a transporting scoop and in particular in the manner of a plow blade.
  • the blade extends substantially transversely to the longitudinal extent of the soil and thus covers at least the central portion of the soil.
  • blades as low as possible and maintenance-free operation is achieved.
  • the soil is water cooled.
  • a sufficiently low temperature of the ashes for example in the range between 80 and 90 ° C., is achieved overall. This cooling prevents the slag formed during combustion from caking or sticking, thereby hindering the ash discharge.
  • the boiler 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is intended for burning solid fuel, in particular biomass.
  • the boiler 2 - also called wood automatic burner - is hereby designed for the combustion of various types of biomass, such as sawdust, wood shavings, wood chips, industrial wood chips, wood pellets, wood briquettes, straw briquettes, cereals, grasses, etc.
  • the boiler 2 for example, as a central heating boiler One or multi-family homes provided and has for this case, for example, a limited to about 14 kW heating power. Basically, the boiler 2 can satisfy a much higher heat demand. While maintaining the basic structure of the boiler 2, this is designed for example for a heating power up to 850 kW.
  • the boiler 2 has a combustion chamber 4, via a fuel supply 6, the fuel or the fuel is fed laterally.
  • the fuel supply device 6 is formed in the embodiment as a screw conveyor.
  • the boiler 2 has a boiler bottom 8 which extends through the entire boiler 2 and at the same time forms the bottom of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the bottom 8 is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the boiler 2 and leaves the combustion chamber 4 on a side wall of the combustion chamber 4, which is arranged opposite to an opening through which the fuel is supplied by the fuel supply means 6.
  • the combustion chamber 4 extends - as can be seen in particular with reference to the combustion chamber wall 4a shown hatched in Fig. 3 - in the embodiment about half to 2/3 of the boiler interior.
  • Fig. 1 shows the view of this end face. From this representation it can be seen that the boiler interior is formed by a drum 12. The drum 12 can be inspected via a frontally arranged door 14 or flap. In Fig. 1 further water connections 16 are shown for the water to be heated. This also serves to cool the bottom. 8
  • the over the entire boiler 2 extending bottom 8 has a smooth surface and has no diarrhea openings for the resulting ash. It extends continuously from the combustion chamber 4 to the ash container 10th
  • an ash discharge device for the ash discharge, which comprises a conveyor chain 18 running centrally above the bottom 8, on which transport blades 20, which are formed at preferably uniform intervals, in particular in the manner of plow blades, are fastened.
  • the conveyor chain 18 is guided around two rollers 22 or rollers circumferentially once above the bottom 8 and once below the bottom 8.
  • the one roller 22 serves as a drive roller, which is driven by an electric motor 24.
  • the transport blades 20 are arranged such that they slide along the floor 8 and thereby push ash, which is located on the floor 8, in front of him.
  • the bottom 8 is curved like a trough.
  • the ash will therefore accumulate in the central central area.
  • the transport blades 20 extend over a central portion of the bottom 8. Furthermore, they are expediently formed according to the geometry of the bottom 8. That the bottom 8 facing side of the transport blades 20 has the same curvature as the bottom 8.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is fed via the fuel supply means 6 kiln, which falls directly to the bottom 8. After the ignition of the combustible material via an ignition device 26, the combustible material burns on the bottom 8. To support a targeted combustion is here usually blown air from the side into the combustion chamber 4. In principle, it is also possible to inject air directly into the embers of the fuel through the air via small air openings.
  • the firing material is conveyed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction of the bottom 8 in the direction of the ash container 10. Between the successive transport blades 20 quasi firing batches are therefore formed. Immediately in the area of the Brennzu slaughter earlier 6, the batches are almost unburned, whereas the more forward oriented batches have an increasingly higher degree of combustion.
  • the conveying speed that is to say the rotational speed of the transport chain 18, is set in such a way that the firing material is completely burnt when it leaves the combustion chamber 4. Conveniently, the degree of combustion is automatically monitored here. Depending on the degree of combustion, the conveying speed of the conveyor chain 18 and thus the residence time of the combustible material in the combustion chamber 4 is controlled. Alternatively, the conveying speed is set manually or semi-automatically, for example as a function of a selected type of fuel.
  • a monitoring device is furthermore provided, by means of which the necessary conveying force for the further transport of the transporting vanes 20 is monitored, in order to automatically recognize possible jamming or blockages in good time.
  • a monitoring device is, for example, a torque monitoring on the electric motor 24. As soon as a predetermined torque is exceeded, this is detected as a fault and the transport chain 18 is driven in reverse operation, that is, it is repeatedly moved back and forth until the jamming has loosened again ,
  • the bottom 8 is designed in particular as a coolable double bottom through which the water to be heated flows. By this measure it is ensured that the temperature at the bottom is limited in particular to about 80 to 90 °, so that no caking form, which hinder the further transport could. In particular, thereby the temperature load of the transport chain 18 and the transport blades 20, which are exposed directly to the kiln in the combustion chamber 4, kept low.
  • a significant advantage of this novel boiler 2 is the fact that it is dispensed with an ashtray, in particular on a belt chain rust or push grate so that there is no danger of jamming of foreign bodies. Rather, with the help of the transport blades 20, the ash is pushed over the smooth surface with a surface 8 directly to the ash container 10. Due to the additional possible reverse operation, a trouble-free and automatic ash discharge is achieved.
  • Another advantage is the fact that on the conveying speed, ie the rotational speed of the transport chain 18, the residence time of the combustible material is easily adjustable, so that optimal combustion is achieved by different biomass fuel easily. Trained as a combustion bowl bottom 8 thus allows the combustion of different biomass fuels.
  • the embodiment with the transport chain 18 and arranged thereon, in particular welded transport blades 20 is very robust and thus low maintenance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP20050009658 2004-07-06 2005-05-03 Chaudière pour la combustion de carburant solide, en particulier de biomasse Expired - Lifetime EP1614965B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200420010592 DE202004010592U1 (de) 2004-07-06 2004-07-06 Heizkessel für die Verbrennung von festem Brennstoff, insbesondere für Biomasse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1614965A2 true EP1614965A2 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1614965A3 EP1614965A3 (fr) 2010-09-15
EP1614965B1 EP1614965B1 (fr) 2014-07-02

Family

ID=35058802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20050009658 Expired - Lifetime EP1614965B1 (fr) 2004-07-06 2005-05-03 Chaudière pour la combustion de carburant solide, en particulier de biomasse

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1614965B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202004010592U1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101865474A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2010-10-20 重庆市牛人科技有限公司 排渣装置以及使用该排渣装置的煤粉燃烧器
CN106949459A (zh) * 2017-04-09 2017-07-14 龙山顺天生物能源开发有限公司 用于烟叶烘烤的生物质燃烧供热装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992016791A1 (fr) 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 Uffe Pedersen Chargeur de combustible solide
DE19828767A1 (de) 1997-06-27 1999-01-28 Robert Bloos Heizkessel für die Verbrennung von festem Brennstoff

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US676930A (en) * 1901-02-25 1901-06-25 Elijah Fleet Wees Ash-remover for boilers.
SE8101498L (sv) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-11 Megaron Hb Anordning for eldning av fasta brenslen
SE445771B (sv) * 1983-10-24 1986-07-14 Scandiaconsult Ab Forfarande och anordning for eldning av fasta brenslen, huvudsakligen i styckeform

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992016791A1 (fr) 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 Uffe Pedersen Chargeur de combustible solide
DE19828767A1 (de) 1997-06-27 1999-01-28 Robert Bloos Heizkessel für die Verbrennung von festem Brennstoff

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101865474A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2010-10-20 重庆市牛人科技有限公司 排渣装置以及使用该排渣装置的煤粉燃烧器
CN106949459A (zh) * 2017-04-09 2017-07-14 龙山顺天生物能源开发有限公司 用于烟叶烘烤的生物质燃烧供热装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1614965A3 (fr) 2010-09-15
DE202004010592U1 (de) 2005-11-17
EP1614965B1 (fr) 2014-07-02

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