Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
  • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for controlling the temperature uniformity of steel products, in particular slabs or billets, in a reheating furnace equipped with side burners.
• the function of steel reheating furnaces is to bring the products to a given rolling temperature, with good temperature uniformity in all points of the product.
• the heating of the ovens is traditionally obtained by burners supplied with air and fossil fuel and arranged on the walls of the furnace.
• the burners are characterized by their power and the shape of their flame for different operating regimes which depend on their design and on the pressures and flow rates of fuel and oxidant.
• This flame generally has a characteristic thermal profile with the presence of a hot spot where a large part of the release of energy and radiation is concentrated. Controlling the position of the hot spot of the flame is not simple since this position is variable and depends on the speed of the burner itself depending on the thermal demand of the oven.
• the thermal profile of the flames produced by the burners has a direct influence on the temperature distribution of the walls of the oven and of the products located in their vicinity which more or less directly reproduce the same pattern of temperature distribution depending on the position of the hot spot of the flame.
• the temperature differences on the product will be all the greater as the hot point of the burner flame is concentrated and its temperature is high compared to that of the surface of the product. Temperature differences will also be created on the product if there are obstacles to radiation between the hot spot of the flame and the product, for example caused by a product support creating a shadow effect.
• Products if exposed to significant radiation, also tend to be hotter at their ends because, in addition to their two main faces (upper and lower), their ends are also exposed to radiation from flames or walls. This phenomenon is accentuated by the influence of the hot point of the flame on the side wall of the oven which contributes to the overheating of the ends of the product.
• the products are reheated to a temperature several tens of degrees higher than the ideal rolling temperature in order to guarantee that all their points are located above of this temperature.
• the temperature heterogeneities, and in particular the cold spots, will however produce significant forces in the stands of the rolling mill and variations in thickness or perceptible shape in the finished product.
• the heating in the products is managed by controlling the position of the hot spot by locally using the radiation from the flames and combustion fumes and taking into account the particularities and imperfections of their distribution.
• the search for a homogeneous product in temperature at the outlet of the reheating oven has developed essentially by taking into account the imperfections of the temperature distributions in the flames of the burners and by trying to provide an answer by means to correctly position the heating energy on a bed of products.
• FR-A-2 794 132 The management of local overheating according to FR-A-2 794 132 is effective but has limits because it leads to an increasing complexity of the burners and of the furnace control / command equipment in order to obtain, with a computer algorithm, separate management of the position of the hot spots of the burners as a function of the positions of the products and of the temperature measurements taken at the outlet of the oven.
• the object of the invention is to provide a process which, while remaining relatively simple and economical to implement, ensures better temperature uniformity of the products reheated in the steel furnaces in order to limit the appearance of defects in the rolling operations.
• a process for controlling the temperature uniformity of steel products, in particular slabs or billets, in a reheating furnace equipped with side burners on each of two opposite sides, parallel to the direction of movement of the products in the oven, the method according to which the side burners are operated in all or nothing, and the operating and stopping time of each burner is adjusted to obtain the desired temperature is characterized in that one chooses as side burners spread flame burners, that these burners are operated at a speed close to the maximum speed or at maximum speed, and that the ignition order of the burners is chosen to promote the mixing and circulation of the fumes in order to reduce the hot point of the flame and to obtain better temperature uniformity of the walls of the oven and of the products.
• Suitable spread flame burners are described in FR-A -2 784 449 (98 12824). Thanks to the particular implementation of spread flame burners operating in "all or nothing" and used so as to minimize the presence of hot spots in the flame and the fumes developed in the oven enclosure, the homogeneity of temperature of reheated products is improved. The uniformity of the temperatures of the smoke and of the walls of the furnace substantially reduces the drawbacks inherent in the presence of hot spots in the flames of the ovens produced according to the state of the art.
• provision is made to equip the oven with at least two burners on each of its side walls, and the order of lighting of these burners is provided to promote the mixing and circulation of the fumes.
• the modification of the smoke flows in the enclosure of said furnace is controlled by a computer using mathematical control algorithms as a function of a thermal objective on the product.
• the thermal distribution, in particular the longitudinal and / or transverse curve, of the oven temperature can be checked by the computer, depending on the position of the load, its characteristics and its progress over the length of the oven and the target temperature and outlet temperature distribution for this product.
• the order of ignition of the burners and the instant when these burners are ignited can be checked by the computer in order to reduce pressure variations inside the furnace and in the fuel supply circuits of the burners and in oxidizer.
• the thermal distribution of temperature in the furnace can be controlled by the computer as a function of a production program to come into the oven and a rolling program at the outlet, to optimize the heating characteristics of the products.
• the power distribution injected into the enclosure can be adjusted so as to favor energy recovery in the inlet zone of the oven.
• the distribution of thermal power injected in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the furnace can be deduced from measurements carried out during the rolling operation.
• the thermal profile of the oven and the longitudinal thermal profile of the product delivered by the oven can be calculated automatically by a computer using mathematical models, fuzzy logic systems or neuro-predictive or other algorithms.
• the invention also relates to an oven for heating steel products, in particular slabs or billets, equipped with side burners and comprising control means for operating the side burners on or off, and for adjusting the operating time. and shutdown of each burner in order to obtain the desired temperature, characterized in that the side burners are spread flame burners, that these burners are controlled so as to operate at a speed close to the maximum speed or at the maximum speed , and following an ignition order suitable for promoting the mixing and circulation of smoke in order to reduce the hot point of the flame, the pressure variations in the oven and the burner supply circuits and to obtain better homogeneity of oven wall and product temperature.
• Fig.l is a section in elevation of a furnace for reheating steel products according to the invention.
• Fig.2 is a schematic view of a spread flame burner.
• Fig. 3 is a diagram schematically representing the distribution according to several operating regimes of the thermal flow of a spread flame burner 5 in a transverse plane of the furnace, the variation of the thermal flow is plotted on the y-axis, the abscissa is the distance of the side wall of the oven supporting the burner.
• Fig.4 is a schematic and partial plan section of an oven according to the invention with a pair of burners located on each of its side walls.
• Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an order of ignition of the furnace burners in an ignition cycle.
• Fig. 6 to 8 are diagrams illustrating, similarly to Fig. 5, other examples of burner ignition orders.
• FIG. 1 we can see schematically a reheating oven composed of an insulated enclosure 1, the steel products 2 to be reheated are supported inside the oven by 3 and moved by a mechanism 4, from the right of the figure to left.
• Spreader burners 5 are installed on the side walls of the oven, above and below the bed of products 2.
• FIG. 2 schematically presents a spread flame burner provided with a combustion tunnel 6 having an enlarged shape with L equal to at least 1.3 times H and fuel injection orifices 8 and oxidant 7 substantially parallel to the large axis of symmetry of the PS tunnel and parallel to the P plane of the products located in the oven.
• the orientation of the fuel injection and oxidizer orifices is chosen so as to create a difference in the distribution of the combustion products and the recycled fumes in order to obtain a spread flame ensuring a homogeneous distribution of the heat flux.
• FIG.4 we can see schematically an example of an oven according to the invention presented in plan view and in section.
• This oven is equipped with four flame spreaders Bl to B4 equipping an oven 1.
• the steel products to be heated 2 are supported and moved from the left to the right of the figure.
• On each side of the oven on the side walls at least four burners B1, B2, B3 and B4 are provided above and below the plane P of the products.
• the burners B1 and B3 are respectively upstream of the burners B2 and B4 in the direction of movement of the products in the oven.
• the burners B1 and B3, as well as the burners B2 and B4 are installed face to face.
• a spread flame burner by design, is designed to produce a spread flame for all operating conditions, but under conditions which may vary.
• Fig. 3 presents, for example for the burner 5 seen in a transverse plane of the furnace, the distribution of the energy or of the thermal flux in kW carried on the ordinate as a function of the distance from the side wall of the furnace 1 in which this burner is installed presented on the abscissa.
• Curves C1, C2 and C3 show the distribution of the heat flow from this burner for different operating modes.
• Curve C1 shows the operation of the burner at low speed, curve C2 for an intermediate speed and the curve C3 for the maximum speed or full fire.
• Fig. 3 shows that, at low speed, the hot point of the burner is located near the wall of the oven which will be overheated, causing the ends of the products to overheat with, at the outlet of the oven, the thermal profile of the characteristic product with ends warmer than the center.
• the spread flame burners B1-B4 are operated near, or at, their maximum speed, in all or nothing, and according to an ignition order suitable for promoting the mixing and circulation of the fumes in order to reduce the hot spot of the flame and to obtain better temperature uniformity of the oven walls and the products.
• a first example of the ignition order of the burners B1 to B4 is provided by the sequence presented in FIG. 5.
• the time is plotted on each abscissa and, on the ordinate, the operating state corresponding to a symbolic non-zero ordinate level, and the stop state corresponding to a zero ordinate.
• the operation therefore corresponds to a time slot whose length represents the duration at a speed close to the maximum; the non-operation or shutdown of the burner corresponds to a zero ordinate range.
• the operating time "t" of each burner is a fraction of the time corresponding, for a given instant, to a fraction of the total power installed in the oven area and necessary for heating needs of the load present in this zone. According to Fig. 5, the operating times of each burner are the same.
• the operating order (Fig. 5) of the burners for a cycle is as follows: Bl, B4, B2, B3.
• the simultaneous or successive operation of the burners B1 and B4 causes the fumes to rotate in a clockwise direction; then the operation simultaneous or successive of burners B2 and B3 causes a rotation of the fumes in an anti-clockwise direction.
• Fig. 6 shows another example of the order and duration of ignition of the burners B1 to B4 of the oven of FIG. 4.
• the burners B1 and B3 operate simultaneously, as do the burners B2 and B4. These two pairs of burners operate alternately.
• the burners B2 and B4 operate for a time "t 2" greater than the operating time "tl" of the burners Bl and B4, which makes it possible to inject more thermal energy into the zone of the furnace which corresponds to the burners B2 and B4 to adapt the thermal power injected to the need of the load present in this part of the furnace.
• Fig. 7 shows another example of the order and duration of ignition of the burners for which each burner operates for a given time (B1, t3), (B2, t4), (B3, t5) and (B4, t6) corresponding to the thermal demand corresponding to the part of the oven opposite each of the burners.
• Fig. 8 presents a different arrangement of the ignitions of the burners B1 to B4 for respective durations t3 to t6 identical to those of the oven operating case defined in FIG. 7. We can see in this figure that, at most, two burners are lit simultaneously and that at all times the burners are all off.
• the adjustment of the power distribution injected into the oven enclosure is carried out in such a way as to favor energy recovery in the inlet area of the oven by first lighting the burners located at the outlet of the oven to lengthen thus the heat recovery zone located at the inlet of the oven.
• the control of the temperature map and the distribution of the thermal power in the oven allows the monitoring of the heating of a particular product or of all the products contained in the oven during their entire residence time in the oven. .
• Combined operation of all of the oven's burners for a time defined by the energy requirements of the products (calculator or regulators) makes it possible to appropriately distribute the thermal load in the oven thanks to the spread flame burner technology used in all or nothing and the mixing of the combustion gases obtained by controlling the ignition order of these burners.
• the oven 1 preferably comprises a computer using mathematical algorithms for controlling as a function of a thermal objective on the product to control the order and the duration of lighting of each burner and ensure the modification of the circulation of the fumes in the enclosure. of said oven.
• the sensors fitted to the oven 1 give the computer information enabling it to control the thermal distribution, in particular the longitudinal and / or transverse curve of the temperature of the oven, as a function of the position of the load of the products, of its characteristics and of its advancement over the length of the oven and the target temperature and outlet temperature distribution targeted for this product.
• the computer includes means for entering data in order to make it control the thermal distribution of temperature in the oven as a function of a production program to come into the oven, and of an output rolling program, to optimize the product heating characteristics.
• Information such as the temperature or the temperature distribution in the product and coming from the rolling equipment can be introduced into the oven control computer to deduce the distribution of thermal power to be injected in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the oven in order to '' improve the temperature uniformity of the products to be removed.
• the computer can use for its operation mathematical models, fuzzy logic systems or neuro-predictive type algorithms to calculate (determine) the thermal profile of the oven and the longitudinal thermal profile of the product to be delivered by the oven.
• the invention provides the advantages listed below.
• the burners operate at a fixed speed, hence an optimization of the distribution of thermal energy over the entire surface of the "spread" flame and better mixing of the fumes in the oven.
• the flames produced no longer have a hot spot, or have a less marked hot spot, so that concentrated radiation is avoided, generating temperature differences on the walls of the oven and on the products, or shadow effects on products.
• the fixed regime also allows optimization of pollutant releases (for example NOx, CO, C0 2 ), of the oxygen content in the oven, thus reduction of the surface oxidation of the products and of the "loss on ignition".
• the mixing of the gases in the oven results in a reduction in the temperature differences between the fumes, the walls, the product supports and the products in the oven, which makes it possible to obtain a more homogeneous product in temperature.
• Reduction of flame hot spots and equalization of smoke and wall temperatures make it possible to limit the shadow effects of the supports on the products and also make it possible to equalize the temperature of these supports (elimination of the effect “a hot face / a cold face”), therefore leading to a significant reduction of the black marks on products .
• the equalization of the temperature of the fumes in the oven makes it possible to reduce the overheating of the walls of the oven as well as the influence of these walls on the ends of the product with as a consequence the reduction of the "hot head and tail" effect characteristic of ovens according to the state of the art.
• the uniform distribution of the heat fluxes in the oven reduces the constraints of positioning the products in the oven.
• the load of the furnace can therefore be placed more freely, for example as a function only of the mechanical forces taken up by the supports.
• the better homogeneity of the products makes it possible to reduce the safety overheating frequently used in conventional ovens to take account of the temperature heterogeneities of the products.
• the energy consumption of the oven is therefore reduced according to the invention.
• Optimizing the active hot length of the oven i.e. for which the burners are in operation, makes it possible to increase the length of the recovery zone and thus reduce the consumption of the oven.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)
• Control Of Temperature (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-04-18 FR FR0304877A patent/FR2853959B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2004
  • 2004-04-07 DE DE04742455T patent/DE04742455T1/de active Pending
  • 2004-04-07 CN CN2004800104433A patent/CN1777785B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-04-07 WO PCT/FR2004/000866 patent/WO2004094931A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2004-04-07 EP EP04742455A patent/EP1618347A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-04-07 ES ES04742455T patent/ES2254049T1/es active Pending
  • 2004-04-07 UA UAA200510906A patent/UA90085C2/ru unknown
  • 2004-04-07 BR BRPI0408865-4A patent/BRPI0408865A/pt active Search and Examination
  • 2004-04-07 US US10/553,400 patent/US7540992B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-04-07 CA CA002522816A patent/CA2522816A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-07 RU RU2005135854/02A patent/RU2353877C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-04-07 JP JP2006505784A patent/JP2006525427A/ja active Pending
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