EP1634024B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bereitstellung eines druckgases durch verdampfung einer tiefkalten flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bereitstellung eines druckgases durch verdampfung einer tiefkalten flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1634024B1
EP1634024B1 EP04742733.1A EP04742733A EP1634024B1 EP 1634024 B1 EP1634024 B1 EP 1634024B1 EP 04742733 A EP04742733 A EP 04742733A EP 1634024 B1 EP1634024 B1 EP 1634024B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
liquid
gas
pressurised
vaporiser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04742733.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1634024A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Marc Peyron
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority to PL04742733T priority Critical patent/PL1634024T3/pl
Publication of EP1634024A1 publication Critical patent/EP1634024A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04478—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for controlling purposes, e.g. start-up or back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and facilities for providing relief gas under pressure by spraying cryogenic liquids, particularly those used to supply customers with gaseous products (nitrogen, oxygen, argon) when industrial installations (such as air separation devices) can only partially, or not at all, supply the product (eg in the case of tripping, load reduction for electric tariff constraint ).
  • cryogenic liquids particularly those used to supply customers with gaseous products (nitrogen, oxygen, argon) when industrial installations (such as air separation devices) can only partially, or not at all, supply the product (eg in the case of tripping, load reduction for electric tariff constraint ).
  • the invention also applies to the storage of other cryogenic liquids such as hydrogen, helium, carbon monoxide and methane.
  • the partial oxidation reactors require a supply of high pressure oxygen (25 bar and more) with a stabilized pressure at +/- 1% of the nominal value.
  • the air separation units supplying the oxygen must therefore respect this constraint, whatever their mode of operation and in particular in case of stopping of the air separation unit.
  • an assembly comprising a storage of liquid oxygen, cryogenic pumps and a steam-heated vaporizer, provides the supply flow.
  • a spraying device is illustrated in EP-A-0452177 where liquid nitrogen from storage is vaporized in an auxiliary vaporizer by heat exchange with ambient air.
  • EP-A-0628778 discloses a method of supplying a pressurized gas with a cryogenic liquid storage the liquid of which is pumped and then vaporized in a vaporizer before being sent to the customer without using auxiliary means of liquid pressurization constituted by a pressurized gas supply line connected to the line supplying the vaporizer.
  • This document also describes an installation for supplying a gas under pressure according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • EP-A-0756144 describes a storage of liquid nitrogen connected to a backup vaporizer by an inverted U-shaped pipe. Sending gases from storage in the line triggers a siphon effect and sinks the liquid from one arm of the U to the other.
  • this heat exchanger can use for example air, steam, hot water, natural gas to vaporize the pressurized liquid.
  • the time required for the emergency system to reach stably, 100% of its capacity is of the order of 5 minutes which decompose in 1 to 2 minutes for starting the pump and 2 to 3 minutes for the revving of the vaporization exchanger.
  • a careful selection of the various elements makes it possible to reduce this time to 3 minutes.
  • this time of 3 minutes is still too long vis-à-vis the pressure fluctuation constraints allowed in the pipe: in this case as described above, one solution is to install downstream of the heat exchanger capacities gas stamp, pressurized to 200 bar for example and dimensioned to provide production for 1 to 3 minutes, the time that the system of the pump and the vaporizer reaches its normal operating regime.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is its high price to install a high pressure capacity, an oxygen expansion station and an oxygen compression system. The latter is carried out by a piston compressor or more generally by another emergency steaming unit with very high pressure piston pumps and a high volume atmospheric vaporization pin, high pressure, pump to fill the buffer capacities ... ).
  • the pressure of the customer network will drop along a curve whose slope depends on the volume of water in the network and the flow rate consumed. So the low pressure limit (- 1%) can be reached quickly (less than 5 seconds) if the length of the network is less than one kilometer.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 are schematic diagrams of a cryogenic separation apparatus and a backup gas supply apparatus operating according to the method of the invention.
  • an air separation apparatus comprises a double column with a medium pressure column 3 thermally connected to a low pressure column by a condenser 4.
  • the apparatus is supplied with compressed air, purified and cooled, the cooling taking place in the line exchange (not shown).
  • line exchange There is also a source of frigories necessary for distillation which may include at least one Claude turbine, an insufflation turbine or a nitrogen turbine.
  • the usual risings of rich liquid and poor liquid from the medium pressure column to the low pressure column have not been illustrated for the sake of simplification.
  • Residual nitrogen (not shown) is withdrawn at the top of the low pressure column and is heated in the exchange line 7.
  • the exchange line 7, the double column 3, 5, the turbine or turbines, the riser lines of rich liquid and poor liquid and a substantially vertical pipe 13 are contained in an insulated cold box 33.
  • the air separation apparatus is designed to provide a flow of gaseous oxygen under pressure 31. However, if this flow rate is missing, in case of failure of the apparatus, or is insufficient, it is necessary to produce a backup gas 29 by vaporization of liquid oxygen stored in a storage 9.
  • the liquid oxygen is stored under low pressure, pressurized by a backup pump 11 and vaporized against a stream of water vapor in a vaporizer 27.
  • the air separation apparatus produces a flow of liquid oxygen which is pressurized in a pump 12 to a pressure P1 and divided into two.
  • a first flow 17 passes through an open valve V5, vaporizes in the exchange line 7 and passes through the open valve V6. This flow rate is the production 31 of the air separation device sent to the customer.
  • the valve V5 serves to throttle the output of the pump 12, the pressure drop of the valve V5 being slightly greater than the hydraulic height of a vertical pipe 13 which is brought the second liquid flow 19 through the valve V1.
  • the vertical pipe 13 installed in the cold box occupies the entire height H of the cold box 33 so as to be largely above a vaporizer 27.
  • the diameter of the vertical pipe 13 is defined in order to store the sufficient volume of liquid cryogenic high pressure corresponding to 1 minute of supply to the customer of oxygen gas high pressure. It is very easy to find cryogenic pipes resistant to very high pressures and large diameter.
  • the pipe may be shorter or slightly longer than the height of the element. higher of the cold box (head of the low pressure column or argon column, for example).
  • this line is traversed by a low flow rate of high-pressure liquid P1 from pump 12 of the pump apparatus (through valve V1); the liquid is then expanded (through the valve V2) to the tank of the low pressure column by the riser 23 so that the liquid is continuously circulating.
  • This circulation is necessary to ensure a maximum filling of the pipe 13 in free cryogenic liquid.
  • the pressure P r of the gas network 17, 31 is lower than the pressure P1 at the upper end of the vertical pipe 13, the difference being essentially equal to the pressure drop in the exchange line 7.
  • the pressure P2 at the lower end of the vertical pipe is greater than the pressure P1 and equal to P1 + pgH, if the pipe is the full height of the cold box.
  • valves V1 and V2 are closed and the pressure at the upper end of the vertical pipe 13 is equalized with the pressure of the network 17, 31 by the opening of a valve V3 installed on a pipe 21 connecting the upper end vertical pipe 13 to the pipes 17, 31 of the customer network.
  • the liquid contained in the pipe 13 is finally sent by gravitational flow to the vaporizer 27 by opening the flow control valve V4 installed on the connecting pipe 25 between the lower end of the vertical pipe and the inlet of the vaporizer. .
  • the figure 3 shows the case in which the air separation apparatus comprises an oxygen compressor 37 for supplying the customer with high pressure oxygen, the diagram remains the same but the circulation of liquid in the lines 13, 19, 23 is ensured by a piston pump 35.
  • the pump is not essential because, as we see in the Figure 4 the vertical pipe 13 can operate at a pressure lower than the pressure of the high pressure oxygen sent to the customer.
  • the liquid is pressurized by sending gas through the valve V3.
  • the figure 5 shows that the vertical pipe, while being contained in the cold box 33 of an air separation unit, is not necessarily fed from it.
  • the pump 12 being on and the pump 11 stopped, a circulation of liquid oxygen between the storage 9 and the vertical pipe 13 through a pump.
  • piston 41 which feeds the upper end of the pipe 13 by a pipe 39 and a valve V2 which ensures the return of liquid to the storage 9 through the pipe 37.
  • valves V3 and V4 open, the valves V1 and V2 close and the free liquid contained in the pipe 13 flows via the pipe 25 to the vaporizer 27 to ensure the production of backup gas during the start of the pump 11.
  • the Figure 6 shows the case in which the vertical pipe is integrated not with the air separation apparatus but with the storage 9 outside the cold box.
  • the pipe placed in the inter-wall of the outer casing 133 of the storage is effectively insulated and can be very high, the storage reaching sometimes the 30 meters.
  • the head of the pipe receives liquid from the interior of the storage of a pump 41 through the valve V1 to ensure a free liquid flow.
  • the liquid of the riser pipe 13 is returned to storage by the valve V2.
  • the valves V4 and V3 are opened and the liquid passes to the vaporizer 27. In this case, the riser pipe is completely isolated from the cold box 133. This variant is useful if the cold box is less high than storage or when the separation device does not have a cold box.
  • the invention has been described with respect to a double air separation column but it is easy to see that it applies to a simple column containing many theoretical plates, a triple column or a column system comprising a column argon.
  • the separation apparatus can separate the air by cryogenic distillation, permeation, adsorption or any other known means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Lieferung eines Druckgases, wobei
    a) ein Druckgas mit einem erhöhten Produktionsdruck als Endprodukt durch Trennung einer gasförmigen Mischung in einem Gerät zur Trennung (3, 5) produziert wird,
    b) eine unter Druck zu setzende Flüssigkeit in einer Lagerung (9) gelagert wird,
    c) Flüssigkeit von der Lagerung entzogen wird, sie mit einer Pumpe unter Druck gesetzt (11) und mindestens ein Teil der unter Druck gesetzten Flüssigkeit in einem Verdampfer (27) verdampft wird, um ein Sicherheitsdruckgas (29) zu produzieren, das im Wesentlichen die gleiche Reinheit oder eine größere Reinheit als das zu produzierende Druckgas aufweist,
    d) Flüssigkeit in einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen Leitung (13), eventuell im Inneren der Cold box (33) des Geräts zur Trennung, zirkulieren gelassen wird und sich mindestens ein Teil der Länge der Leitung auf einer Ebene unter dem Verdampfer befindet und die Leitung (13) mindestens teilweise ausgehend von einer Säule (5) des Geräts zur Trennung versorgt wird, das ein Gerät zur kryogenen Trennung von Luft im Inneren der Cold box (33) ist, wobei das Gerät zur Trennung normalerweise produziertes Gas (31), das die gleichen Eigenschaften wie das Sicherheitsgas (29) aufweist, über eine Hauptleitung durch Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit liefert, die dem Gerät zur Trennung von Luft entzogen wird, ein Durchsatz der Flüssigkeit (19) an ein Ende der Leitung geschickt wird und ein anderer Durchsatz (23) der Flüssigkeit vom anderen Ende der Leitung entzogen und an das Gerät zur Trennung von Luft zurückgeschickt wird und vor dem und/oder während des Start(s) der Pumpe (11) Flüssigkeit der Leitung an den Verdampfer geschickt wird, wo sie verdampft, um das Sicherheitsdruckgas zu liefern, das im Wesentlichen die gleiche Reinheit oder eine größere Reinheit als das zu produzierende Druckgas (31) aufweist, und
    i) normalerweise das Gerät zur Trennung produziertes Gas (31) liefert,
    ii) für den Fall eines Defekts oder eines reduzierten Betriebs des Geräts zur Trennung das Sicherheitsgas durch Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit geliefert wird, das in den Verdampfer (27) gepumpt wird,
    iii) normalerweise der Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz kontinuierlich in der Leitung (13) zirkuliert,
    iv) vor dem und/oder während des Start(s) der Pumpe ein Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz durch die Wirkung der Schwerkraft vom unteren Ende der Leitung (13) hin zum Verdampfer abläuft und ein Gasdurchsatz (21), der mit einem Druck unter Druck gesetzt ist, der gleich oder höher als der Druck des zu produzierenden Druckgases ist, an das oberen Ende der Leitung geschickt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Höhe der Leitung (H) derart ist, dass der hydrostatische Druck ausreichend ist, um mindestens die Druckverluste, verbunden mit der Verdampfung, zu übersteigen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Flüssigkeit in der Leitung (13) unter Drücken zirkuliert, die höher als der Arbeitsdruck des Sicherheitsgases (29) sind und die Flüssigkeit vorgelagert vom Verdampfer durch den hydrostatischen Druck und eventuell durch eine Pumpe (51) unter Druck gesetzt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Flüssigkeit in der Leitung unter Drücken zirkuliert, die kleiner als oder gleich wie der Arbeitsdruck des Sicherheitsgases sind.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Leitung (13) mindestens teilweise ausgehend von der Lagerung (9) versorgt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Flüssigkeit, die dem Gerät entzogen wird, unter Druck gesetzt wird, ein Teil der unter Druck gesetzten Flüssigkeit hin zur Austauschlinie (7) des Geräts geschickt wird, um das produzierte Gas zu bilden, und ein anderer Teil der unter Druck gesetzten Flüssigkeit hin zur vertikalen Leitung (13) geschickt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Leitung mindestens teilweise ausgehend von einer kryogenen Lagerung oder der Lagerung (9) versorgt wird, ein Durchsatz der Flüssigkeit (39) an ein Ende der Leitung gepumpt und geschickt wird und ein anderer Durchsatz (37) der Flüssigkeit dem anderen Ende der Leitung entzogen und an die Lagerung zurückgeschickt wird.
  8. Anlage zur Lieferung eines Druckgases, umfassend:
    i) ein Gerät zur Trennung einer gasförmigen Mischung (3, 5)
    ii) eine Leitung (31) zur Lieferung von Druckgas, die mit dem Gerät zur Trennung verbunden ist
    iii) eine Lagerung von Flüssigkeit (9)
    iv) einen Verdampfer (27)
    v) eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Leitung (13)
    vi) Mittel, die die Lagerung mit dem Verdampfer verbinden
    vii) Mittel, die das untere Ende der Leitung mit dem Verdampfer verbinden,
    viii) Mittel, um die verdampfte Flüssigkeit vom Verdampfer abzuziehen, um ein Sicherheitsdruckgas (29) zu bilden,
    ix) Mittel zum Unterdrucksetzen (11) nachgelagert von der Lagerung und vorgelagert vom Verdampfer, und
    x) Mittel zum Unterdrucksetzen (H, 21, 51) der Flüssigkeit der Leitung, die vorgelagert vom Verdampfer sind, gebildet von der Höhe (H) der Leitung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfsmittel zum Unterdrucksetzen (H, 21, 41, 51) der Flüssigkeit der Leitung, die vorgelagert vom Verdampfer sind, ebenfalls von einer Leitung (21) zur Zuführung von unter Druck gesetztem Gas gebildet sind, die mit dem oberen Ende der Leitung und eventuell einer Pumpe (41, 51) verbunden ist.
  9. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, wobei sich die Leitung im Inneren einer Cold box (33) eines Geräts zur kryogenen Destillierung befindet, die das Gerät zur Trennung einer gasförmigen Mischung bildet oder im Inneren der Umhüllung zur Isolierung (133) einer Lagerung (9) ist.
  10. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, wobei sich die Leitung im Inneren einer Cold box (33) eines Geräts zur kryogenen Destillierung befindet, umfassend ein Gerät zur kryogenen Destillierung, die das Gerät zur Trennung einer gasförmigen Mischung bildet, in der die vertikale Leitung (13) eine Leitung des Geräts zur kryogenen Destillierung ist und umfassend Mittel (15, 19, 23), um das untere und obere Ende der Leitung mit einer Säule des Geräts zur Destillierung zu verbinden.
  11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, umfassend Mittel (15, 19, 12), um einen ersten Teil einer Flüssigkeit, der von einer Säule des Geräts stammt, an eine Austauschlinie zu liefern, wo sie verdampft, um ein produziertes Gas in einer Hauptleitung zu formen, und einen zweiten Teil der Flüssigkeit an die Leitung zu liefern.
  12. Anlage nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Mittel, um einen ersten Teil einer Flüssigkeit, der von einer Säule des Geräts stammt, an eine Austauschlinie, wo sie verdampft, um ein produziertes Gas in einer Hauptleitung zu formen, und einen zweiten Teil der Flüssigkeit an die Leitung zu liefern, durch eine Pumpe (12) gebildet sind.
  13. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, wobei das obere Ende der vertikalen Leitung (13) mit der Leitung zur Lieferung von Druckgas (17) mit Hilfe einer (der) Leitung zur Zufuhr von Druckgas (21) verbunden ist.
EP04742733.1A 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bereitstellung eines druckgases durch verdampfung einer tiefkalten flüssigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP1634024B1 (de)

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FR0306511A FR2855598B1 (fr) 2003-05-28 2003-05-28 Procede et installation de fourniture de secours d'un gaz sous pression par vaporisation de liquide cryogenique
PCT/FR2004/001184 WO2004109207A1 (fr) 2003-05-28 2004-05-14 Procede et installation de fourniture de secours d’un gaz sous pression par vaporisation de liquide cryogenique

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EP2614326B1 (de) * 2010-09-09 2019-03-27 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Verfahren zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation
CN102030314B (zh) * 2010-11-12 2013-10-02 杜金明 一种制氧机
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CN106764428B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2018-08-28 上海华林工业气体有限公司 一种co输送管线上co补偿供给系统及其应用
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US7870759B2 (en) 2011-01-18
WO2004109207A1 (fr) 2004-12-16
US20070044506A1 (en) 2007-03-01
FR2855598A1 (fr) 2004-12-03
CN1795359A (zh) 2006-06-28
PL1634024T3 (pl) 2018-12-31
JP2007502964A (ja) 2007-02-15
FR2855598B1 (fr) 2005-10-07
EP1634024A1 (de) 2006-03-15
CN100447516C (zh) 2008-12-31

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