EP1637580A1 - Additifs modificateurs de l'indice de viscosité pour des compositions lubrifiantes - Google Patents

Additifs modificateurs de l'indice de viscosité pour des compositions lubrifiantes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1637580A1
EP1637580A1 EP05017288A EP05017288A EP1637580A1 EP 1637580 A1 EP1637580 A1 EP 1637580A1 EP 05017288 A EP05017288 A EP 05017288A EP 05017288 A EP05017288 A EP 05017288A EP 1637580 A1 EP1637580 A1 EP 1637580A1
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Prior art keywords
lubricant composition
copolymer
moving parts
shear stable
shear
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EP05017288A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sanjay Srinivasan
Yoon Soo Song
Joseph Stephen Strukl
Peter Growcott
Paul G. Griffin
Akhilesh Duggal
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Publication of EP1637580A1 publication Critical patent/EP1637580A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/04—Specified molecular weight or molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/08—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing non-conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/019—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/073—Star shaped polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/09—Treatment with nitrogen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the following disclosure is directed to lubricants, lubricant compositions and additives, lubricated parts and engines, and methods for lubricating moving parts.
  • Lubricating oils used in gasoline and diesel crankcases include a natural and/or synthetic basestock and one or more additives to impart desired characteristics to the lubricant.
  • additives typically include ashless dispersant, metal detergent, antioxidant and antiwear components, which may be combined in a package, sometimes referred to as a detergent inhibitor (or D1) package.
  • Multigrade oils usually also contain one or more viscosity modifiers which are relatively long chain polymers. Such polymers may be functionalized to provide other properties when they are known as multifunctional viscosity modifiers, but primarily act to improve the viscosity characteristics of the oil over a desired operating temperature range.
  • the viscosity modifier acts to increase viscosity at high temperature to provide more protection to the engine at high speeds, without unduly increasing viscosity at low temperatures which would otherwise make starting a cold engine difficult.
  • High temperature performance is usually measured in terms of the kinematic viscosity (kV) at 100° C.
  • ASTM D445 while low temperature performance is measured in terms of cold cranking simulator (CCS) viscosity (ASTM D5293, which is a revision of ASTM D2602) ), mini-rotary viscometer (MRV; ASTM D4684), or scanning brookfield or gel index (ASTM D5133).
  • Viscosity grades are defined by the SAE Classification system (SAE J300) according to the foregoing temperature measurements. Multigrade oils meet the requirements of both low temperature and high temperature performance and are thus referenced to both the relevant grades.
  • Shear stability is a measure of the ability of an oil to resist permanent viscosity loss under high shear - the more shear stable an oil the smaller the viscosity loss when subjected to shear.
  • Polymeric viscosity modifiers which make a significant contribution to kV 100° C., are not entirely shear stable. Such polymeric viscosity modifiers are characterized by a shear stability index (SSI).
  • An oil or additive that exhibits relatively high shear stability will have an SSI that is relatively low.
  • higher molecular weight polymers used in lubricating oil applications have poor shear stability (i.e., high SSI).
  • viscosity modifiers with relatively low SSI require higher treat rates due to their relatively lower molecular weights and therefore lead to an increase in total formulation costs.
  • Multigrade oils often have poor shear stability unless they use expensive viscosity modifiers having low SSI. Poor shear stability requires the oils to be blended to a higher initial kV 100 °C. which may result in poor fuel economy. Accordingly, there is a need for improved viscosity modifiers which are relatively shear stable and more cost effective to use in lubricant composition.
  • a lubricated surface includes a thin film coating of a lubricant composition containing a base oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of an additive comprising a shear stable olefin copolymer derived from a copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 250,000.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer has a shear stability index of less than about 40, a polydispersity of not more than about 1.5, and a thickening efficiency of greater than about 1.8.
  • a vehicle having moving parts and containing a lubricant for lubricating the moving parts.
  • the lubricant contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of an additive comprising a shear stable olefin copolymer derived from a copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 250,000.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer has a shear stability index of less than about 40, a polydispersity of not more than about l .5, and a thickening efficiency of greater than about 1.8.
  • a method of lubricating moving parts includes contacting the moving parts with a lubricant composition containing a lubricant additive.
  • the lubricant additive includes a diluent or carrier oil and from about 5 to about 95 percent by weight of a shear stable olefin copolymer derived from a copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 250,000.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer has a shear stability index of less than about 40, a polydispersity of not more than about 1.5, and a thickening efficiency of greater than about 1.8.
  • the lubricant composition contains from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of the additive based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • a further embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for improving the viscosity index of a lubricant composition.
  • the method includes mixing with the lubricant composition from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of an additive comprising a shear stable olefin copolymer derived from a copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 250,000.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer has a shear stability index of less than about 40, a polydispersity of not more than about 1.5, and a thickening efficiency of greater than about 1.8.
  • shear stable copolymer as described herein is that the polymer exhibits improved thickening efficient at a lower polymer loading.
  • Another advantage of the shear stable copolymer is that it may be made using an amorphous lower ethylene containing copolymer, e.g., a copolymer having an ethylene content in the range of from about 40% to about 55% by weight.
  • the disclosure may also be applicable to shear stable star polymers based on styrene-isoprene chemistry.
  • hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
  • the lubricant additive includes a shear stable olefin copolymer derived from a copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 15,000 to about 500,000 or more.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer may have a shear stability index of less than about 40 and a polydispersity of less than or equal to about 1.5.
  • shear stable olefin copolymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as Solvent Neutral 150 to provide the additive component.
  • copolymers and terpolymers may be used as starting materials for making the shear stable copolymer.
  • the copolymers are referred to generally as olefin copolymers, however, the disclosed embodiments may also be applicable to copolymers derived from styrene-isoprene.
  • the copolymers typically have number average molecular weights of from about 15,000 to about 500,000; preferably about 20,000 to about 300,000, and more preferably from about 100,000 to about 200,000.
  • the shear stable copolymers generally have a narrow range of molecular weight, as determined by the ratio of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to number-average molecular weight (Mn), referred to hereinafter as "polydispersity.”
  • Suitable olefin copolymers have a polydispersity of less than 10, preferably less than 7, and more preferably 4 or less.
  • the (Mn) and (Mw/Mn) of the copolymers are measured by the well known techniques of vapor phase osmometry (VPO), membrane osmometry and gel permeation chromatography.
  • VPO vapor phase osmometry
  • the shear stable copolymers derived from the olefin copolymers may have a polydispersity of less than or equal to about 1.5.
  • shear stable copolymers having a narrow range of molecular weight may be obtained by relatively low temperature mechanical shearing.
  • Conventional copolymer shearing is conducted at temperatures above about 100° C. (212° F.) in an extrusion shearing process.
  • shearing of the copolymers according to the disclosure is conducted at a temperature below about 100° C. (212° F.), typically from about 35° C. (95° F.) to about 85° C. (135° F.) in a homogenizer.
  • relatively low temperature means a temperature below a temperature used in a conventional extrusion shearing process for shearing copolymers.
  • the homogenizer used in the process may be any type capable of developing a pressure in excess of 500 pounds per square inch wherein the product is subjected to high shearing action upon release of said pressure.
  • Typical of the homogenizers which may be used are those of the type conventionally used in the homogenization of dairy products and in the preparation of emulsions utilized as polishing compounds, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and liquid soaps.
  • the copolymers may be sheared using multiple passes through the homogenizer, for example from about 2 to about 10 passes through the homogenizer.
  • the olefin copolymer sheared in the homogenizer may be prepared from ethylene and ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons including cyclic, alicyclic and acyclic, compounds containing from 3 to 28 carbons, e.g. 2 to 18 carbons.
  • the ethylene copolymers may contain from about 15 to about 90 wt. % ethylene, preferably, from about 30 to about 80 wt. % of ethylene, and most preferably less than about 70 wt. % ethylene.
  • the copolymers may also contain from about 10 to about 85 wt. %, preferably 20 to 70 wt. % of one or more C 3 to C 28 , preferably C 3 to C 18 more preferably C 3 to C 10 , unsaturated hydrocarbons, preferably alpha olefins.
  • Copolymers of ethylene and propylene are most preferred.
  • other alpha-olefins suitable in place of propylene to form the copolymer, or to be used in combination with ethylene and propylene, to form a terpolymer, tetrapolymer, etc. include, but are not limited to, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, etc.; also branched chain alpha-olefins, such as 4-methyl-1-penterie, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methylpentene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, and 6-methylheptene-1, etc., and mixtures thereof.
  • copolymer as used herein includes terpolymers, tetrapolymers, interpolymers, etc., of ethylene and C 3-28 alpha-olefin and/or a non-conjugated diolefin or mixtures of such diolefins which may also be used. Such materials may contain minor amounts of other olefinic monomers so long as the basic characteristics of the olefin copolymers are not materially changed.
  • the amount of the non-conjugated diolefin will generally range from about 0.5 to 20 mole percent, preferably about 1 to about 7 mole percent, based on the total amount of ethylene and alpha-olefin present.
  • non-conjugated dienes that may be included in a terpolymer include straight chain acyclic dienes such as 1,4-hexadiene; 1,5-heptadiene; 1,6-octadiene; branched chain acyclic dienes such as 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene; 3,7-dimethyl 1,6-octadiene; 3,7-dimethyl-1,7-octadiene; and the mixed isomers of dihydro-myrcene and dihydro-cymene; single ring alicyclic dienes such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene; 1,5-cyclooctadiene; 1,5-cyclododecadiene; 4-vinylcyclohexene; 1-allyl-4-isopropylidene cyclohexane; 3-allyl-cyclopentene; 4-allyl-cyclohexene and 1-isopropenyl-4-(4-butenyl
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer may be derived from the polymerization of ethylene-propylene monomers, ethylene-propylene-diene monomers, styrene-neoprene monomers, styrene-isoprene monomers, and the like.
  • Ethylene-propylene or higher alpha-olefin copolymers may consist of from about 15 to about 80 weight percent ethylene and from about 85 to about 20 weight percent C 3 to C 23 alpha-olefin with the preferred weight ratios being from about 35 to about 75 weight percent ethylene and from about 65 to about 25 weight percent of a C 3 to C 23 alpha-olefin, with the more preferred proportions being from about 50 to less than about 70 weight percent ethylene and about 50 to about 30 weight percent C 3 to C 23 alpha-olefin, and the most preferred proportions being from about 55 to about 65 weight percent ethylene and from about 45 to about 35 weight percent C 3 to C 23 alpha-olefin.
  • olefin copolymers for making the shear stable olefin copolymers as described herein are those olefin copolymers which have been functionalized by means of a free radical graft reaction or a graft polymerization reaction. Such grafted copolymers are themselves well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Graft monomers for functionalizing olefin copolymers are the derivatives of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic monomers such as, maleic anhydride, acrylic or methacrylic acid, or their esters, graft monomers which are likewise known to those skilled in the art.
  • acrylic and methacrylic acid derivative contain 4 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred among the group of acrylic or methacrylic graft monomers are glycidyl methacrylate, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate and aminopropylmethacrylate, and acrylamide.
  • graft monomers which can be used to functionalize the olefin copolymers are vinyl amines containing 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and preferably heterocyclic vinyl amines.
  • Such amines are themselves known as functionalizing graft monomers and include allylamines, N-vinylpyridines, N-vinylpyrrolidones, vinyl lactams, vinylcarbazoles, vinylimidazoles and vinylthiazoles as represented by 2-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, 1-vinylimidazole, allylamine, 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole and 9-vinylcarbazole.
  • Such graft monomers are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,689, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • vinyl monomers described in the prior art as suitable for functionalizing olefin copolymers may likewise be used in the practice of the present invention.
  • further vinyl compounds are the vinyl silanes and vinyl-benzyl halides as represented by vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyldiethychlorosilane, vinylbenzylchloride and the like.
  • suitable silane graft monomers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,689, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer of the embodiments described herein is advantageously incorporated into lubricating compositions.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer may be added directly to the lubricating oil composition.
  • the copolymer is diluted with a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as mineral oil, synthetic oil (e.g., ester of dicarboxylic acid), naptha, alkylated (e.g., C 10 -C 13 alkyl) benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive concentrate.
  • the shear stable olefin copolymer concentrate usually contain from about 0% to about 99% by weight diluent oil.
  • the additives in the form of 1 to 99 wt. % active ingredient concentrates in hydrocarbon oil, e.g. mineral lubricating oil, or other suitable solvent. Usually these concentrates may be added with 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by weight of the additive package in forming finished lubricants, e.g. crankcase motor oils.
  • the purpose of concentrates is to make the handling of the various materials less difficult and awkward as well as to facilitate solution or dispersion in the final blend.
  • Lubricant compositions made with the shear stable olefin copolymers described above are used in a wide variety of applications.
  • the lubricant compositions meet or exceed published GF-4 or API-CI-4 standards.
  • Lubricant compositions according to the foregoing GF-4 or API-CI-4 standards include a base oil and an oil additive package to provide a fully formulated lubricant.
  • the base oil for lubricants according to the disclosure is an oil of lubricating viscosity selected from natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
  • Such base oils include those conventionally employed as crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, such as automobile and truck engines, marine and railroad diesel engines, and the like.
  • Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), liquid petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
  • the synthetic lubricating oils used in this invention include one of any number of commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oils, which include, but are not limited to, poly-alpha-olefins, alkylated aromatics, alkylene oxide polymers, interpolymers, copolymers and derivatives thereof here the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification etc, esters of dicarboxylic acids and silicon-based oils.
  • Fully formulated lubricants conventionally contain an additive package, referred to herein as a dispersant/inhibitor package or DI package, that will supply the characteristics that are required in the formulations.
  • DI package a dispersant/inhibitor package
  • Suitable DI packages are described for example in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,204,012 and 6,034,040 for example.
  • additives included in the additive package are detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, lubricity agents, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, viscosity index improvers, and the like.
  • ashless dispersants include an oil soluble polymeric hydrocarbon backbone having functional groups that are capable of associating with particles to be dispersed.
  • the dispersants comprise amine, alcohol, amide, or ester polar moieties attached to the polymer backbone often via a bridging group.
  • the ashless dispersants may be, for example, selected from oil soluble salts, esters, amino-esters, amides, imides, and oxazolines of long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides; thiocarboxylate derivatives of long chain hydrocarbons; long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having a polyamine attached directly thereto; and Mannich condensation products formed by condensing a long chain substituted phenol with formaldehyde and a polyalkylene polyamine.
  • Oxidation inhibitors or antioxidants reduce the tendency of base stocks to deteriorate in service which deterioration can be evidenced by the products of oxidation such as sludge and varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces and by viscosity growth.
  • oxidation inhibitors include hindered phenols, alkaline earth metal salts of alkylphenol thioesters having preferably C 5 to C 12 alkyl side chains, calcium nonylphenol sulfide, ashless oil soluble phenates and sulfurized phenates, phosphosulfurized or sulfurized hydrocarbons, phosphorus esters, metal thiocarbamates and oil soluble copper compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,890.
  • Rust inhibitors selected from the group consisting of nonionic polyoxyalkylene polyols and esters thereof, polyoxyalkylene phenols, and anionic alkyl sulfonic acids may be used.
  • a small amount of a demulsifying component may be used.
  • a preferred demulsifying component is described in EP 330,522. It is obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a bis-epoxide with a polyhydric alcohol.
  • the demulsifier should be used at a level not exceeding 0.1 mass % active ingredient. A treat rate of 0.001 to 0.05 mass % active ingredient is convenient.
  • Pour point depressants otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured.
  • Such additives are well known. Typical of those additives which improve the low temperature fluidity of the fluid are C 8 to C 18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates and the like.
  • Foam control can be provided by many compounds including an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, for example, silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
  • Seal swell agents as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,974,081 and 4,029,587, may also be used.
  • each of the foregoing additives when used, is used at a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant.
  • a functionally effective amount of this corrosion inhibitor would be an amount sufficient to impart the desired corrosion inhibition characteristics to the lubricant.
  • the concentration of each of these additives when used, ranges up to about 20% by weight based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and in one embodiment from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, and in one embodiment about 0.01% to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Each of the lubricant compositions contained a conventional DI package providing 11 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the DI package contained conventional amounts of detergents, dispersants, antiwear additives, friction modifiers, antifoam agents, and antioxidants.
  • the formulations also contained about 0.1 percent by weight pour point depressant, about 58 to 64 percent by weight 150 solvent neutral oil, about 12 to 18 percent by weight 600 solvent neutral oil.
  • Samples 1-3 provide the characteristics of commercially available olefin copolymers as viscosity modifiers.
  • Sample 4 provides the characteristics of a shear stable olefin copolymer made according to the disclosure.
  • sample 4 provides a highly efficient viscosity modifier. Compared with samples 1-3, sample 4 had the lowest polymer loading in the lubricant composition (1.32 versus 1.38 to 1.69 for samples 1-3). Sample 4 also had the highest shear stability index (SSI) and passed the MRV tests and CCS test, whereas, sample 3 failed the MRV test and viscosity loss test. Overall, sample 4 exhibited improved viscometric and shear strength properties over commercially available ethylene-based olefin copolymer products.
  • SSI shear stability index
  • shear stable olefin copolymers 10 parts by weight ethylene/propylene copolymer having a number average molecular weight as determined by gas phase chromatography (GPC) of 179,192 and a weight average molecular weight of 332,930 was mixed with 90 parts by weight of process oil.
  • the oil and copolymer mixture was cycled through a GAULIN homogenizer from 1 to 10 times to provide a shear stable olefin copolymer having a polydispersity of less than 1.5.
  • FIGS. 4-5 provide a visual comparison of the thickening efficiency and kinematic viscosity of the olefin copolymer after zero to ten passes with the same properties of HiTEC® 5748 and LUBRIZOL 7077 (LZ 7077) (Samples 6 and 7, respectively). The comparisons were conducted with one percent olefin copolymer in a reference oil having a viscosity as indicated in the table. The kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
  • a shear stable copolymer made by passing the copolymer through ten or more passes of a homogenizer can be tailored to provide a viscosity modifier that meets the shear stability index (SSI) requirement of about 23 (Sample 5), and has significantly higher thickening efficiency (Sample 5) compared to conventional olefin copolymer viscosity modifiers (Samples 6 and 7).
  • SSI shear stability index
  • Samples 6 and 7 mechanical shearing of an olefin copolymer has an added benefit of providing a shear stable olefin copolymer having a polydispersity of less than 1.5 (Sample 5, Table 3).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP05017288A 2004-09-17 2005-08-09 Additifs modificateurs de l'indice de viscosité pour des compositions lubrifiantes Withdrawn EP1637580A1 (fr)

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EP1925657A3 (fr) * 2006-10-10 2010-03-31 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'huile lubrifiante
RU2394070C2 (ru) * 2008-04-04 2010-07-10 Сергей Владленович Высоцкий Масло для подшипников жидкостного трения и редукторов прокатных станов

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JP5330716B2 (ja) * 2008-03-17 2013-10-30 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
US20100256026A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Margaret May-Som Wu Lubricant composition containing Ethylene-Alpha Olefin Copolymer viscosity modifier
US9404062B2 (en) * 2009-06-04 2016-08-02 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Lubricant oil composition
US8415284B2 (en) * 2009-11-05 2013-04-09 Afton Chemical Corporation Olefin copolymer VI improvers and lubricant compositions and uses thereof
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EP1925657A3 (fr) * 2006-10-10 2010-03-31 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'huile lubrifiante
RU2394070C2 (ru) * 2008-04-04 2010-07-10 Сергей Владленович Высоцкий Масло для подшипников жидкостного трения и редукторов прокатных станов
WO2009125075A1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Total Raffinage Marketing Fluide lubrifiant multifonctionnel
WO2009133292A1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2009-11-05 Total Raffinage Marketing Fluide lubrifiant multifonctionnel
AU2009241948B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2014-05-29 Totalenergies Onetech Multipurpose lubricating fluid

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KR20060051400A (ko) 2006-05-19
AU2005203438A1 (en) 2006-04-06
CA2514499A1 (fr) 2006-03-17
AU2005203438B2 (en) 2007-08-30
KR100724328B1 (ko) 2007-06-04
SG121118A1 (en) 2006-04-26
US20070191242A1 (en) 2007-08-16
CN1749377A (zh) 2006-03-22

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