EP1643275A1 - Véhicule de terre et procédé pour la prospection de la subsurface de la voie de circulation - Google Patents

Véhicule de terre et procédé pour la prospection de la subsurface de la voie de circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1643275A1
EP1643275A1 EP05021589A EP05021589A EP1643275A1 EP 1643275 A1 EP1643275 A1 EP 1643275A1 EP 05021589 A EP05021589 A EP 05021589A EP 05021589 A EP05021589 A EP 05021589A EP 1643275 A1 EP1643275 A1 EP 1643275A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
georadar
land vehicle
measuring
measuring head
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05021589A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen NIESSEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GBM Wiebe Gleisbaumaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
GBM Wiebe Gleisbaumaschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GBM Wiebe Gleisbaumaschinen GmbH filed Critical GBM Wiebe Gleisbaumaschinen GmbH
Publication of EP1643275A1 publication Critical patent/EP1643275A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/06—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction

Definitions

  • Damage to the superstructure can be detected from a longitudinal depth profile.
  • Longitudinal depth profiles are usually examined and evaluated by specialists.
  • the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of providing an improved land vehicle and an improved method for measuring the superstructure of traffic routes.
  • the components are understood that consist of material that does not belong to the upcoming earth body.
  • the superstructure includes the carrier layer, the binder course and the top layer.
  • the superstructure comprises the protective course layer, if necessary a geotextile layer and the ballast bed or the fixed carriageway, as well as the track.
  • the track includes the sleepers, rails and attachment.
  • An advantage of the invention is that with only one Georadarmesskopf both a line depth profile, as well as a three-dimensional graph can be obtained, which represents a complete, three-dimensional depth profile.
  • the Georadarmesskopf is moved by the drive means with a movement component perpendicular to the direction of movement of the land vehicle back and forth.
  • Another advantage is that this increase in spatial resolution can be achieved with technically very simple means.
  • the land vehicle has means for determining the position of the at least one georadar measuring head, in particular its position relative to the land vehicle.
  • a means for determining the position is, for example, a direct Georadarmesskopf arranged GPS receiver (GPS, global positioning system). This determines the absolute position of the Georadarmesskopfs. If the georadar measuring head is moved on a defined path relative to the land vehicle, means are alternatively provided which determine the position of the georadar measuring head on this path. Knowing the location of the georadar head's orbit relative to the land vehicle and the position of the georadar gauge on that orbit, as well as the absolute position of the land vehicle, will easily determine the absolute position of the georadar gauge. The position determined in this way is associated with the measuring point which is recorded at the respective position. Both data are stored together.
  • a georadar measuring head is arranged on the front side of the land vehicle. This results in a particularly narrow design of the land vehicle.
  • the Georadarmesskopf is pivotally mounted on the land vehicle.
  • Such an arrangement can be realized with technically simple means.
  • the positioning of the Georadarmesskopfs relative to the land vehicle technically easy to accomplish by providing a protractor, which measures the tilt angle.
  • the georadar measuring head is movable relative to the land vehicle on a circular path, on a circular section path or a path which corresponds to an eight with their loops perpendicular to the direction of travel.
  • the georadar measuring head is arranged so that when moving the Georadarmesskopfs the position of the plane of polarization of the electric field of georadar waves relative to the direction of movement of the land vehicle and / or relative to the horizon remains constant.
  • Metallic objects reflect the radar waves almost completely and lead to a particularly strong measurement signal. Under certain circumstances, this measuring signal can falsify the actual signal to be measured. The strength of this measurement signal depends on the angle at which the field vector of the electric field falls on a surface of the speaking metallic object.
  • the metallic components used usually have edges that run either perpendicular or parallel to the course of the traffic route or the rails. If now the polarization plane of the electric field of the georadar waves is kept constant relative to the direction of movement of the land vehicle, the same reflection patterns always result for identical metallic components. This facilitates the evaluation of the measured data.
  • the traffic route is a railway, it is favorable to choose the position of the field vector of the electric field so that it impinges on the rails or sleepers at an angle which is more than 5 ° from the vertical to the ground Rails or sleepers deviates.
  • the land vehicle is a rail vehicle for surveying the superstructure of railways designed to move along a railroad track. Due to the high surface pressures that must be absorbed by the track of railways, railways are specially monitored. Accordingly, the measurement of railways by means of georadar is particularly important.
  • such a rail vehicle has at least one receiving element for the GeoradarmesskÜ or the Georadarmesskopf, at least one sensor for detecting bodies in the vicinity of the receptacle and means for tracking the at least one receiving element, so that neither receiving element nor Georadarmesskopf leave the gauge of the rail vehicle.
  • the clearance gauge is the maximum permissible extent of a rail vehicle in height and width, with which it can safely move within the control clearance.
  • the means for tracking the at least one holder ensures that neither holder, nor Georadarmesskopf collide with bodies outside the control clearance profile.
  • the land vehicle is a tarmac improvement machine for renovating and / or renewing the ballast layer and / or the protective course layer.
  • a leveling machine is a train for replacing the track of a rail track in a continuous process. A in the direction of travel from the befindliches end of the tarmac improvement machine runs on rails that are still embedded in the old superstructure, whereas the rear lying in the direction of travel, second end already running on rails, which are embedded in the new, renovated superstructure.
  • a gravel excavator chain system is provided, with the aid of which the gravel of a ballast layer under the sleepers is withdrawn. So that the rails do not sag due to the now lack of support, they are held by a special holding device.
  • a tarmac excavation plant which uses a tarpaulin excavation chain to remove the protective layer of the tarpaulin.
  • the stripped protection layer is, like the gravel, either recycled or disposed of.
  • a Erdplanumsverêtr that compacts the upcoming earth body.
  • a runway protective layer-introduction device with the help of a new course protective layer is introduced.
  • the rail vehicle has means for determining the fouling horizon of the ballast layer from the georadar measurement data.
  • the contamination horizon of the ballast bed of a railway track is the boundary between polluted and non-polluted ballast.
  • the ballast is thereby contaminated by fine-grained material, which rises from the lying below the ballast layer, such as the layer protection layer in the ballast layer. If the contamination horizon is too high, a safe dissipation of the forces acting on the rails, no longer guaranteed. For this reason, the fouling horizon is an important parameter in the measurement of railroad tracks.
  • the fouling horizon is determined by the means for determining the fouling horizon from the georadical measurement data by pattern recognition. Such pattern recognition is based, for example, on a threshold analysis or is carried out by means of neural networks.
  • the means for determining the contamination horizon are designed so that they evaluate, for example, the amplitudes of the reflected georadar waves. At interfaces, the reflection of georadar waves is particularly strong, thus resulting in a high amplitude, ie a high measured field strength of the reflected georadar wave.
  • a value determined in preliminary experiments is stored for an amplitude from which the presence of an interface is assumed. If the amplitude of the reflected georadar waves exceeds this threshold, it is assumed that reflection has occurred at an interface. Due to the duration of the reflected georadar wave, the means for determining the fouling horizon calculates the depth at which the interface is located.
  • Georadar horrin in several places is an illustration, for example in the form of a surface representation of this interface in the superstructure received and possibly issued.
  • a pollution horizon for example, the highest lying interface within the ballast bed is selected.
  • the concentration of impurities is above a preselected value.
  • the means for determining the fouling horizon is designed so that an electrical signal is emitted as soon as the fouling horizon exceeds a preset depth
  • a neural network is used in the means for determining the contamination horizon.
  • the neural network is fed the amplitudes of the reflected georadar readings of a variety of georadar measurements.
  • the neural network is trained.
  • a trained neural network is created by a Georadar gauged person analyzing the pollution horizon and comparing this result with the neural network calculation results. This training of the neural network is done, for example, according to the backpropagation algorithm.
  • a radar transmitter For transmitting successive georadar wave pulses, for example, a radar transmitter is used, which is controlled by a control unit.
  • the control unit comprises, for example, a one-shot generator.
  • an antenna For receiving reflected Georadarwellenimpulsen an antenna is used, which is preferably part of the Georadarmesskopfs, and which is connected to an evaluation unit.
  • this evaluation For measuring the field strength of the reflected Georadarwellenimpulsen at different, preferably temporally equidistant to each other points in time after sending the respective Georadarwellenimpulses this evaluation is connected to the control unit for driving the radar transmitter.
  • the evaluation unit in this case comprises a delay circuit, which waits a predetermined time after the arrival of a signal from the control unit for driving the radar transmitter that a Georadarwellenimpuls was delivered, and then measures the field strength of the reflected Georadarwellenimpulse.
  • a land vehicle in which the georadar measuring head is adapted to transmit georadar wave pulses having a pulse duration of less than 20 ns, in particular less than 3 ns.
  • a one-shot circuit is used, see below.
  • the Georadarmesskopf is moved so that the Georadarmesschal obtained have a spatial resolution of less than 100 cm, in particular less than 50 cm, in particular less than 30 cm.
  • the above-mentioned spatial resolutions represent a compromise between an extremely high spatial resolution and a data rate that is as low as possible.
  • a resolution of 20 cm in the transverse direction of the road to be examined is preferably selected. With a road width of 2.20 m, this results in 11 to 12 long-distance profiles of the road.
  • the measuring points are selected in the longitudinal direction with a distance of well below 1 meter.
  • the reflected georadar wave pulses are received by an antenna, which is preferably part of the georadar probe.
  • An electronic evaluation circuit is connected to this antenna. This evaluation circuit-determines the field strength of the reflected Georadarwellenimpulse at different, preferably temporally equidistant to each other, times after transmission of the respective Georadarwellenimpulses. For this purpose, the time interval of the preceding short electrical pulse is determined by the evaluation circuit. For this purpose, the evaluation circuit preferably receives an electrical signal of the one-shot control. After a predetermined time, the field strength of the reflected Georadarwellenimpulses is then measured.
  • Times equidistant from each other are obtained by the fact that the evaluation circuit measures the field strength at times after generation of the short electrical pulses whose time interval is constant from one another. If the reflected georadar wave pulses are all the same, for example, because georadar head has not moved between two transmitting georadar wave pulses in succession, the procedure described achieves a little expensive sampling of the reflected georadar wave pulses.
  • the georadar wave pulses preferably have a pulse duration of less than 20 ns, in particular less than 3 ns.
  • the short electrical impulses which are applied to the radar transmitter also have a pulse duration of less than 20 ns, in particular less than 3 ns.
  • a pulsed georadar is used with a pulse repetition frequency of 100 kHz to 400 kHz, that is, that the Georadarwellenimpulse be sent with a pulse repetition frequency of 100 kHz to 400 kHz.
  • FIG. 1 shows a road vehicle 10 for measuring the superstructure of a road 12.
  • the road 12 has a right road mark 14 on the right side in FIG. 1 and a left road mark 16 on the left side.
  • the road vehicle 10 includes four, not shown here wheels, which are driven by a likewise not shown motor. Two of the wheels are steerable so that the land vehicle 11 can also be moved on winding roads.
  • the road vehicle 10 In the direction of travel of the road vehicle 10 in front, the road vehicle 10 has an end page 18.
  • a receiving element 20 is arranged in extension of the longitudinal axis of the road vehicle 10, which can be offset by a motor 22 in a pivoting movement. Alternatively, the receiving element 20 is arranged at the rear of the road vehicle 10.
  • a Georadarmesskopf 24 arranged at the free end of the receiving element 20 describes a web, which is shown in dashed lines in Figure 1.
  • the receiving element 20 is attached to the front side 18 so that the Georadarmeskopf 24 is able to cover the full width of a lane between the right lane marking 14 and the left lane marking 16.
  • the pivot angle, by which the receiving element 20 is pivoted relative to the end face 18, is measured by a position sensor 26.
  • the georadar measuring data taken by the georadar measuring head 24 are passed via a cable 28 to a central controller 30 which processes them and stores in a memory 32.
  • the central controller 30 also outputs a trigger pulse to the georadizer head 24 when the position sensor 26 measures a value for the swivel angle that is within a preset interval. Due to this trigger pulse, the georadar measuring head 24 picks up a measuring point.
  • This three-dimensional graph is examined by a pattern recognition method for possible damage to the superstructure.
  • pattern recognition methods are, for example, a fidelity analysis or the analysis by means of neural networks. If damage to the superstructure is detected by the central control 30, it emits an acoustic signal via a loudspeaker 34 Message off. Alternatively to the output of a sound signal will emit a light signal. Also alternatively, it is provided that the central controller 30 emits an electrical message to another unit or controls a printer to print a corresponding message.
  • the data stored in the memory 32 is transmitted via a non-drawn interface to an external computer for further processing.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rail vehicle 36 running on two rails 38, 40 connected by sleepers 42.
  • the rail vehicle 36 has corresponding components such as the road vehicle 10. In order to avoid a repetition is therefore not discussed further.
  • a fan laser sensor 43 is mounted on the web side of the rail vehicle 36, in Figure 2 so on the left side. This fan laser sensor scans the working area of the georadar measuring head 24 for obstacles. Once an obstacle is detected, a signal is sent to the central controller 30, whereupon it pivots the receiving element 20 so that there is no collision of the Georadarmesskopfs 24 with the detected obstacle. Alternatively, the pushing movement of the receiving element 20 is stopped by the central controller 30.
  • a three-dimensional graph of the superstructure is calculated in the central control 30 of the rail vehicle. From this graph, the pollution horizon is also determined by the pattern recognition method described above.
  • the soiling horizon is the depth level below which the ballast bed of the superstructure is so polluted by, for example, fine grain material that the proportion of polluting material exceeds a preset value, and above which the fine grain portion is so polluted that content of polluting material falls below the preset value.
  • the contamination horizon is an important parameter in the assessment of the track superstructure.
  • the measurement data recorded by the georadar measuring head 24 are forwarded via the cable 28 to the central controller 30, which in turn writes this data into the memory 32.
  • the central controller 30 controls the motor 50 so that the georadar gauge head 24 reciprocates along the threaded rod 48.
  • the position of the Georadarmesskopfs 24 on the threaded rod 48 is registered by a not shown position sensor 26, which forwards this position to the central controller 30.
  • the georadar head's linear motion ensures that the polarization plane of the georadical wave's electric field does not change in georadar surveys of the land vehicle relative to its direction of travel.
  • a mechanical component is optionally provided which compensates for the changing inclination of the receiving element 20 against the end face 18.
  • Figure 4 shows in the upper diagram schematically over the time t applied, short electrical pulses 41a, 41b, 41c, ..., generated by the control unit of Georadarmesskopfs (24) and to the radar transmitter of Georadarmesskopfs (24).
  • the time length t1 of these short electrical pulses 41a, 41b, 41c with a predetermined voltage U is approximately 2 ns.
  • These pulses are generated by a one-shot circuit within the control unit.
  • a one-shot circuit includes, for example, a Schottky diode.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows reflected georadar wave pulses 37a, 37b, 37c picked up by the antenna.
  • the first sampling point t s1 is recorded at the radar wave train 37a, the subsequent second sampling point t s1 at the second radar wave train 37b, and so on. All in all, 1024 sampling points are recorded.
  • the sampling time t s ie the time that would pass if all sampiing points were recorded on just one radar wave train, lies between 5 ns and 200 ns depending on the application.
  • the speed of the land vehicle or the pivoting speed of the receiving element 20 is selected so that the distance X of two corresponding Measuring points in the direction of movement of the land vehicle for high-precision examinations is about 5 cm.
  • a significantly greater distance X is chosen. This is particularly advantageous when the land vehicle is moving at a high speed, since a correspondingly increased speed of the reciprocating movement of the georadar measuring head to achieve a high spatial resolution would lead to very high accelerations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP05021589A 2004-10-02 2005-10-04 Véhicule de terre et procédé pour la prospection de la subsurface de la voie de circulation Withdrawn EP1643275A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410048168 DE102004048168A1 (de) 2004-10-02 2004-10-02 Landfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Vermessen des Oberbaus von Verkehrwegen

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EP1643275A1 true EP1643275A1 (fr) 2006-04-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106980115A (zh) * 2017-04-29 2017-07-25 贵州大学 一种地质雷达辅助装置及其使用方法
CN114075825A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-22 华中科技大学 基于地质雷达的路基压实质量快速自动检测方法及设备
CN114488013A (zh) * 2021-12-27 2022-05-13 上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司 用于公路隧道衬砌雷达检测的自动化数据采集装置及方法
WO2023279395A1 (fr) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-12 华为技术有限公司 Système radar

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5357253A (en) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-18 Earth Sounding International System and method for earth probing with deep subsurface penetration using low frequency electromagnetic signals
JPH1090435A (ja) * 1996-09-13 1998-04-10 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 線路下探査装置
DE19730247C1 (de) * 1997-07-15 1998-12-17 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Freihalten von Gleisstrecken von Pflanzenbewuchs
US5869967A (en) * 1995-01-27 1999-02-09 Lobbe Xenex Gmbh & Co. Device for the detection of objects, especially explosive objects, lying in the earth
US6164223A (en) * 1997-01-22 2000-12-26 Eriksson; Roy Erik Method and device for planting plants

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DE4412241C1 (de) * 1994-04-05 1995-08-24 Deutsche Bahn Ag Bettungsreinigungsmaschine mit einer elektronischen Einrichtung zur Messung, Anzeige und Registrierung der Ablagehöhe des Gleises
DE19704220A1 (de) * 1997-02-05 1998-08-06 Ingbuero Spies Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Abstandes zwischen Fahrzeug und Hindernis
DE19829762A1 (de) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-13 Adc Automotive Dist Control Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Radarsystems

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5357253A (en) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-18 Earth Sounding International System and method for earth probing with deep subsurface penetration using low frequency electromagnetic signals
US5869967A (en) * 1995-01-27 1999-02-09 Lobbe Xenex Gmbh & Co. Device for the detection of objects, especially explosive objects, lying in the earth
JPH1090435A (ja) * 1996-09-13 1998-04-10 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 線路下探査装置
US6164223A (en) * 1997-01-22 2000-12-26 Eriksson; Roy Erik Method and device for planting plants
DE19730247C1 (de) * 1997-07-15 1998-12-17 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Freihalten von Gleisstrecken von Pflanzenbewuchs

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 09 31 July 1998 (1998-07-31) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106980115A (zh) * 2017-04-29 2017-07-25 贵州大学 一种地质雷达辅助装置及其使用方法
WO2023279395A1 (fr) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-12 华为技术有限公司 Système radar
CN114075825A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-22 华中科技大学 基于地质雷达的路基压实质量快速自动检测方法及设备
CN114075825B (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-08-02 华中科技大学 基于地质雷达的路基压实质量快速自动检测方法及设备
CN114488013A (zh) * 2021-12-27 2022-05-13 上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司 用于公路隧道衬砌雷达检测的自动化数据采集装置及方法

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