EP1645802B1 - Brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645802B1
EP1645802B1 EP05108942.3A EP05108942A EP1645802B1 EP 1645802 B1 EP1645802 B1 EP 1645802B1 EP 05108942 A EP05108942 A EP 05108942A EP 1645802 B1 EP1645802 B1 EP 1645802B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel injection
premix burner
openings
lance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05108942.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1645802A3 (fr
EP1645802A2 (fr
Inventor
Stefano Bernero
Christian Jörg Motz
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Martin Zajadatz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1645802A2 publication Critical patent/EP1645802A2/fr
Publication of EP1645802A3 publication Critical patent/EP1645802A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1645802B1 publication Critical patent/EP1645802B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a premix burner according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • Premix burners operated according to the concept of lean premix combustion have low pollutant emissions, but also a clearly limited stability and operating range.
  • these limitations are accompanied by thermoacoustic oscillations.
  • the extension of the stability range takes place during the conventional operation of a premix burner with a pilot injection, which is used in particular in the lower load range.
  • Even small amounts of e.g. However, 10% pilot gas can lead to significantly higher pollutant emissions, since the pilot flames operate in diffusion mode. In the upper load range, the pilot injection is switched off or reduced as far as possible to ensure low pollutant emissions.
  • this pilot burner is realized by fuel in the center of the swirl body, here called double cone, injected.
  • the gas flowing into the interior of the double-cone burner burns in a flame which is deeply stabilized in the interior of the burner.
  • the publication DE 10160907 teaches to reduce the introduction of thermoacoustic vibrations, the fuel in the combustion air flow so that the speed of the fuel of that of the combustion air flow is adjusted.
  • a change in the exit velocity of the fuel causes a change in the fuel / combustion air mixing profile, and on the other hand, it influences the time delay ⁇ , ie the time it takes for mixture fractional fluctuations to be converted into the flame.
  • EP 1336800 is the stability of the backflow zone of a premix burner of the EP 321809 described another important criterion for the formation of thermoacoustic vibrations. By stabilizing the remindströmzone and the reduction of the formation of coherent vortex structures at the burner outlet thermoacoustic oscillations causing periodic heat release within the combustion chamber can be reduced.
  • EP 1336800 discloses a series of measures on the central fuel lance, which cause a fluidic stabilization of the return flow zone. These measures include the axial arrangement of the fuel outlets as well as the design of the end portion of the fuel lance.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a premix burner of the type mentioned, which ensures optimal injection of the fuel over the entire load range and thermoacoustic vibrations is able to suppress even more effective.
  • the core of the invention is to achieve a stepped injection of the fuel into the combustion air by arranging a projecting into the swirl space fuel lance, characterized in that the Brennstoffindüsungsstoff on the fuel lance against the injections of the fuel at the swirl generator by an angle ( ⁇ ) are rotatable, wherein the fuel lance is divided into at least two partial lances, the fuel injection openings of the partial lances are individually supplied by fuel control body, and the partial lances are independently rotatable by the angle ( ⁇ ).
  • the advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that optimum injection of the fuel is ensured over the entire load range. Due to the stepped injection via the lance and the additional injection openings, the operating range of premix burners can be extended. The operation of these fuel staging premix burners covers at least the entire operating range of conventional pilot / premix burners.
  • an asymmetric injection of the fuel pulsations can be prevented even more effective.
  • the asymmetry refers to opposite in the flow direction pairs of injection ports and the injection openings in the lance.
  • the asymmetry can take place statically, in that no injection opening is arranged in the region opposite to an injection opening. However, this can also be done by an individual control of the fuel supply to the symmetrically present fuel injection openings or by rotating the lance.
  • Opposite fuel injection openings are then supplied by means of the control different amounts of fuel and thus achieved depending on the load point or start or Abfahr discipline a symmetrical or asymmetric fuel profile in the swirl chamber of the swirl generator.
  • a graded fuel injection allows an optimal driving with respect to an adaptation to the fuel composition, since different fuels or mixtures, for example, have a different penetration depth.
  • the premix burner according to Fig. 1 consists of a swirl generator 30, which consists essentially of two half hollow cone bodies 1, 2, which are offset from each other, is constructed. Such a burner is referred to as a double-cone burner.
  • the displacement of the respective central axis 1 b, 2 b of the partial cone body 1, 2 to each other creates on both sides in a mirror-image arrangement each have a tangential air inlet slot 19, 20, ( Fig. 2-4 ), through which the combustion air 15 in the interior of the burner, ie in the conical cavity 14, also called swirl space, flows.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 1a, 2a, which also analogously to the partial cone bodies 1, 2 offset from each other, so that the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 are present from the beginning.
  • a fuel lance 3 is arranged, which projects downstream into the swirl chamber 14.
  • Both partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a fuel line 8, 9, which are provided with openings 17 through which the gaseous fuel 13, which is mixed by the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 flowing combustion air 15.
  • the position of these fuel lines 8, 9 is schematic Fig. 2-4 out.
  • the fuel lines 8, 9 are attached to the end of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, so that there takes place the admixture 16 of the gaseous fuel 13 with the incoming combustion air 15.
  • the burner at the burner outlet 29 a collar-shaped, as an anchorage for the part cone body 1, 2 serving end plate 10 with a number of holes 11, through which if necessary dilution air or cooling air 18 the front part of the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber 22 and whose wall can be supplied. Ignition takes place at the top of the return flow zone 6. Only at this point can a stable flame front 7 arise. A flashback of the flame into the interior of the burner, as is latent in premixing lines, is less here.
  • the fuel lance 3 has openings 5, by means of which gaseous fuel can be injected into the swirl chamber 14 of the swirl generator:
  • a fuel injection 4 can be arranged, which can be, for example, an air-assisted nozzle or a pusher sprayer , By means of this fuel injection 4, additional liquid fuel can be injected.
  • the lance 3 is divided into several areas, so that in these areas an individual injection of fuel can take place.
  • Fig. 2-4 is also the location of the baffles 21 a, 21 b out. They have flow initiation functions, wherein they extend, differently long, the respective end of the partial cone bodies 1 and 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 15.
  • the channeling of the combustion air into the conical cavity 14 can be optimized by opening or closing the baffles 21 a, 21 b about the pivot point 23.
  • Fig. 5 is the swirl generator 30 consisting of the part cone body 1 with the fuel line 8 and the part cone body 2 with the fuel line 9 on the left side in the operating position and on the right side in a comparison position to compare the configuration of the two part cone body shown.
  • the openings 17a of the fuel line 8 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the openings 17b of the fuel line 9. Fuel openings 17a are thus opposite areas of the fuel line 9, in which no fuel openings are arranged, and fuel openings 17b are thus opposite areas of the fuel line 8, in which no fuel openings are arranged.
  • an asymmetric fuel profile is generated during the injection of the fuel into the combustion air.
  • the type and strength of the produced Asymmetry must be adapted to the special case. Burner system with few pulsations may have a low asymmetry of the fuel injection, in systems with high pulsations, the asymmetry must be increased.
  • the burner shown here comprises a swirl generator 30 comprising two partial cone bodies 1, 2 and a mixing tube 50 arranged downstream, to which the combustion chamber 22 adjoins downstream.
  • the swirl chamber 14 protrudes in the downstream direction of the fuel lance 3.
  • This has fuel injections 5.
  • the lance 3 and the fuel injections 5 are arranged in this example in the swirl chamber 14, that the fuel injection takes place in the upper part of the swirl chamber 14. It is not shown that in the lance 3 further injection openings are arranged downstream, which can be addressed for example via separate fuel lines.
  • the openings 17 a of the fuel line 8 and the openings 17 b of the fuel line 9 are arranged in the downstream part of the swirl chamber 14. Fuel openings 17a and 17b are thus substantially opposite areas in which no fuel openings 5 are arranged in the lance 3. Thereby, a stepped introduction of the fuel via the lines 12 and 8 and 9 are generated.
  • the injection via the openings 17a, 17b can of course also as above in the Fig. 5 described asymmetrically.
  • the fuel distribution system of the external pilot fuel injection at the mixing tube 50 can be used for the fuel injection via the long lance 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross section through the swirl generator Fig. 6 shown.
  • the swirl generator here consists of four partial cone shells 1, 1 ', 2, 2' on which in each case in the region of the air inlet slots gas injection openings 17a, 17a ', 17b, 17b' are arranged.
  • the gas outlet openings 5 of the lance are at an angle ⁇ relative to the gas injection openings 17a, 17a ', 17b, 17b' twisted.
  • the angle ⁇ can be adjusted so that a desired asymmetry is achieved.
  • the rotation may also be 0 °, which means that there is no asymmetry, which may be advantageous for certain operating conditions.
  • the adjustment of the angle ⁇ can also take place during operation, so that the desired asymmetry can be set in each operating state.
  • To rotate the lance it can be rotatably mounted and rotated by a drive 51, for example a stepping motor, see Fig. 6 ,
  • Fig. 8 schematically a longitudinal section through the swirl chamber 14 is shown.
  • the swirl space 14 is formed by the part cone shells 1 and 2.
  • the combustion air flows via the air inlet slots 19 and 20 into the swirl chamber 14.
  • fuel ports 17a and 17b are arranged, via which fuel can be injected into the combustion air.
  • the resulting fuel-air mixture is transported into the combustion chamber and ignited.
  • the double-cone burner in this example each has eight fuel injection ports 17a and 17b, which are individually supplied with fuel via a conduit.
  • a valve 31 to 38, respectively 41 to 48 are arranged, each of which can be controlled independently of the other.
  • opposing fuel injection ports 17a and 17b are now driven by valves 31 and 41, 32 and 42, 33 and 43, etc. so that at least one of the eight opposing pairs of fuel ports will have a different fuel mass flow relative to the fuel port opposite it has and thus an asymmetric fuel supply takes place.
  • the lance is divided into a downstream part 3b and an upstream part 3a, which parts can each be independently supplied with fuel.
  • Via the valve 39, the part 3b and via the valve 49 of the part 3a is controlled.
  • By opening the valves 39 and 49 fuel over the openings 5b and 5a flow into the swirl chamber 14.
  • the parts 3a and 3b of the fuel lance can be analogous to 6 and 7 to be twisted.
  • the rotation of the parts 3a and 3b can be independent of each other, whereby a higher degree of asymmetry is possible.
  • the lance can be divided into even more parts as needed.
  • the degree of pulsations can be determined and by means of the fuel injection ports 3a, 3b, 17a and 17b and the associated valve pairs 31 and 41, etc., and 39 and 49, the degree of asymmetry can be adapted to the circumstances.
  • This control of asymmetry may, of course, be with a staged combustion according to the disclosure of DE 100 64 893 A1 , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated, combined to more effectively prevent harmful pulsations.
  • the external pilot fuel injection fuel distribution system can be used for fuel injection via the long lance.
  • all fuel injection stages are in operation at least under full load conditions.
  • the number of fuel holes and thus the number of valves can be arbitrarily adapted to the requirements.
  • the burner may also have other shapes than shown in the embodiment and other types of burners may be used.
  • the burner shown can with respect to the Shape and the size of the tangential air inlets 19, 20 can be varied as desired.
  • the number of partial bodies of the swirl generator can be chosen arbitrarily.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Brûleur à pré-mélange constitué essentiellement
    d'un tourbillonneur (30) pour un écoulement (15) d'air de combustion,
    de moyens (3, 5, 17, 17a, 17b, 31-38, 41-48) d'injection de combustible qui apportent du combustible dans l'écoulement (15) d'air de combustion et
    d'une fente (19, 20) d'entrée d'air par laquelle l'écoulement (15) d'air de combustion pénètre dans un espace de tourbillonnage (14) du tourbillonneur (30),
    l'injection de combustible dans l'air de combustion s'effectuant par étages par l'intermédiaire des moyens (5, 5a, 5b, 17, 17a, 17b, 31-38, 41-48) d'injection de combustible,
    au moins l'un des moyens (5, 5a, 5b) d'injection étant disposés sur une lance (3) de combustible qui déborde dans l'espace de tourbillonnage et apte à tourner sur le tourbillonneur d'un angle (Φ) par rapport aux injections (17, 17a, 17b, 31-38, 41-48) de combustible,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la lance (3) à combustible est divisée en au moins deux lances partielles (3a, 3b),
    en ce que des ouvertures (5a, 5b) d'injection de combustible des lances partielles (3a, 3b) peuvent être alimentées individuellement en combustible par des corps de régulation (39, 49) et
    en ce que les lances partielles (3a, 3b) peuvent tourner de l'angle (Φ) indépendamment l'une de l'autre.
  2. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tourbillonneur (30) présente au moins deux fentes (19, 20) d'entrée d'air situées de part et d'autre de l'axe de symétrie du tourbillonneur.
  3. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des moyens d'injection (17, 17a, 17b, 31-38, 41-48) qui apportent le combustible dans l'écoulement (15) d'air de combustion.est disposée au niveau de la fente (19, 20) d'entrée d'air.
  4. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon les revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que comme moyen d'injection, des ouvertures (17a, 17b) d'injection de combustible sont disposées de manière au moins en partie asymétrique dans la direction d'écoulement au niveau de fentes (19, 20) d'entrée d'air mutuellement opposées, de manière à obtenir une asymétrie des ouvertures (17a, 17b) d'injection de combustible.
  5. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des ouvertures (17a, 17b) d'injection de combustible peuvent être alimentées individuellement en combustible par des corps de régulation (31-38, 41-48), en ce qu'au moins une paire d'ouvertures (17a, 17b) d'injection de carburant opposées l'une à l'autre de manière essentiellement symétrique sont commandées par des corps de régulation (31 et 41; 32 et 42, etc.) associés de telle sorte que davantage de combustible sorte de l'une (17a) des ouvertures d'injection de combustible ainsi commandées que de l'autre ouverture (17b) d'injection de combustible associée de la paire.
  6. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des capteurs de mesure de pulsations sont disposés dans une chambre de combustion (22) située en aval du tourbillonneur (30) et en ce que le degré d'asymétrie de l'injection de combustible peut être ajusté en fonction de l'intensité des pulsations mesurées.
  7. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins certaines des ouvertures (17a, 17b) d'injection de combustible de paires opposées symétriquement ou certaines des ouvertures (5a, 5b) d'injection de combustible de la lance (3) sont commandées par les corps de régulation (31 et 41, 32 et 42, etc., 39, 49) associés de manière à pouvoir former un profil de combustible étagé dans la direction d'écoulement.
  8. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est un brûleur à double cône doté d'un tourbillonneur (30) constitué d'au moins deux corps (1, 2) de cônes partiels creux disposés l'un sur l'autre, qui s'évasent dans la direction d'écoulement et qui sont décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que l'écoulement d'air de combustion s'écoule dans l'espace de tourbillonnage (14) par l'intermédiaire des fentes (19, 20) d'entrée d'air ainsi formées.
  9. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un tube de mélange (50) est disposé en aval du tourbillonneur (30).
EP05108942.3A 2004-10-11 2005-09-28 Brûleur à prémélange Not-in-force EP1645802B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004049491A DE102004049491A1 (de) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 Vormischbrenner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1645802A2 EP1645802A2 (fr) 2006-04-12
EP1645802A3 EP1645802A3 (fr) 2013-05-08
EP1645802B1 true EP1645802B1 (fr) 2015-08-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05108942.3A Not-in-force EP1645802B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-28 Brûleur à prémélange

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US7780437B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1645802B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004049491A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7780437B2 (en) 2010-08-24
EP1645802A3 (fr) 2013-05-08
DE102004049491A1 (de) 2006-04-20
US20060183069A1 (en) 2006-08-17
EP1645802A2 (fr) 2006-04-12

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