EP1668603A2 - Document de type feuille comprenant un circuit de commutation electrique - Google Patents

Document de type feuille comprenant un circuit de commutation electrique

Info

Publication number
EP1668603A2
EP1668603A2 EP04765403A EP04765403A EP1668603A2 EP 1668603 A2 EP1668603 A2 EP 1668603A2 EP 04765403 A EP04765403 A EP 04765403A EP 04765403 A EP04765403 A EP 04765403A EP 1668603 A2 EP1668603 A2 EP 1668603A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stack
sheet
sheet document
coupling
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04765403A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Finkenzeller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke+Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke+Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke+Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke+Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1668603A2 publication Critical patent/EP1668603A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07796—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements on the record carrier to allow stacking of a plurality of similar record carriers, e.g. to avoid interference between the non-contact communication of the plurality of record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0724—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being a circuit for communicating at a plurality of frequencies, e.g. for managing time multiplexed communication over at least two antennas of different types
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/0775—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for connecting the integrated circuit to the antenna
    • G06K19/07756—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for connecting the integrated circuit to the antenna the connection being non-galvanic, e.g. capacitive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet document with an electrical circuit for storing security data and with a coupling device for contactless communication of the circuit with an external read / write device.
  • the invention relates to the processing of sheet documents in a stack, such as the counting, sorting and checking of banknotes in a stack of banknotes, and a sheet document suitable for this.
  • Sheet documents in the sense of the invention are in particular security or value documents, such as banknotes, identity cards, passports, Nisa stickers, check forms, shares, certificates, flight tickets, vouchers and the like.
  • the sheet document is at least partially flexible and / or foldable and / or crumplable.
  • banknotes are mostly discussed below. As a rule, however, any other sheet document can be provided in the sense of the invention instead of a banknote.
  • Sheet documents such as banknotes
  • banknotes are often sensed for processing with considerable effort.
  • conventional bank notes are processed with bank note processing machines and certain features of the bank note, such as graphic or luminescent features, watermarks or holograms, are used with sensors and used for counting, sorting or checking the authenticity of the bank notes. Damaged or soiled banknotes or banknotes with missing security features are often sorted out.
  • the banknotes are first individually and then individually processed by individually passing them through the corresponding sensor or test units.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a sheet document with an electrical circuit in such a way that improved, in particular simpler, faster and / or safer processing is made possible compared to the prior art.
  • the invention is also intended to provide a device and advantageous methods for processing a generic sheet document.
  • the invention builds on the prior art in that the coupling device of the generic sheet document contains several spatially separate coupling elements for different communication channels.
  • the several, ie two or more, preferably At least three, separate coupling elements are set up so that the sheet document has two or more different, ie separate, communication channels.
  • the separate communication channels make it possible to simultaneously carry out two or more separate communication processes that take place via two or more spatially separate communication channels and / or take place at two or more different frequencies.
  • the division of the coupling device into a plurality of spatially separated coupling elements also makes it possible to separate the energy and data transmission between the read / write device and the sheet document or the data transmission between different sheet documents in the spatial area and / or in the frequency area.
  • the arrangement and design of the coupling elements can then be optimized to the specific requirements of energy or data communication at the respective transmission frequency.
  • the coupling device preferably contains first capacitive coupling elements which provide a first communication channel, and also second capacitive coupling elements which provide a second communication channel.
  • the coupling device further preferably contains first capacitive coupling elements which are set up to supply energy to the electrical circuit, that is to say in particular provide a first communication channel, and also second capacitive coupling elements which are set up for data communication from the circuit to the external read / write device. which in particular provide a second communication channel.
  • the first capacitive coupling elements can in particular also be set up for data communication from the external read / write device to the circuit.
  • the second capacitive coupling elements are set up for data communication from the external read / write device to the circuit.
  • the first and second coupling elements are formed by conductive capacitive coupling surfaces.
  • the coupling device can contain two conductive capacitive coupling surfaces as the first coupling elements and a conductive capacitive coupling surface as the second coupling element, so that a total of three electrodes are provided for coupling between the banknotes and to the read / write device. Designs with more than three electrodes are also within the scope of the invention.
  • the first coupling elements are formed by conductive capacitive coupling surfaces for communication in a low frequency range, in particular below 300 MHz, while the second coupling elements by antennas
  • the first and second coupling elements are preferably galvanically connected to the electrical circuit.
  • the coupling elements can be inductively coupled to the circuit, as described in detail below.
  • an inductive compensation element connected between the conductive capacitive coupling surfaces is provided in a generic sheet document whose coupling device contains at least two conductive capacitive coupling surfaces.
  • the compensation element can compensate for the negative effect of the capacitive voltage divider, which is formed in a stack by the capacitive coupling surfaces of the individual sheet documents.
  • a transfer function with very low damping can be achieved.
  • the sheet document has a strip, in particular a security strip, provided with a conductive, in particular a metallic layer, or patch, which electrically connects the coupling surfaces.
  • the conductive layer of the strip or patch is provided with a structure in order to form an inductive compensation element.
  • Such a design of the compensation element is particularly well suited for working frequencies that are not too high, in particular for working frequencies below about 50 MHz.
  • an inductive compensation element is formed by a planar coil, which is applied galvanically to an insulator layer covering the circuit.
  • the electrical connection of the planar coil to the circuit underneath can take place, for example, through an opening in the insulator layer.
  • the entire component (circuit with coil) can be provided with a final passivation based on polyamide.
  • An inductive compensation element is particularly suitable for use at higher working frequencies. tion formed by a coil realized on the semiconductor material itself.
  • an inductive compensation element can be formed by a conductor loop applied to the sheet document substrate, in particular printed with a conductive material.
  • the conductor loop has only a few turns, in particular only half a turn.
  • Such designs of the compensation element are particularly suitable for working frequencies from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz.
  • Compensation element which is implemented as a coil on the semiconductor material itself, implemented as a planar coil in the so-called “coil-on-chip” technology.
  • a coil and a chip card with such a coil in “coil-on-chip” technology are, for example, from DE 40 34 225 C2 known.
  • a coil which is provided for electrical contact with an electrical circuit arranged on a chip for example a semiconductor chip, in particular a silicon chip, is not provided in the form of a separately produced and subsequently applied coil , but the coil is directly integrated on the chip.
  • the "coil-on-chip” coil is manufactured in a process technology that is used to manufacture, for example Conductor tracks or comparable circuit parts on the chip is suitable, e.g. by galvanic application on the chip. According to this embodiment, a coil in "coil-on-chip” technology is used as the compensation element.
  • the conductive capacitive coupling surfaces and the conductor loop are advantageously applied to the sheet document substrate in a common working step, in particular printed on with conductive printing ink.
  • the conductive capacitive coupling surfaces are electrically connected to a first coupling coil, and the electrical circuit is connected to a planar second coupling coil which is galvanically connected an insulator layer covering the circuit is applied. This enables contactless inductive coupling between the capacitive coupling surfaces and the circuit.
  • the leaf document created according to this aspect of the invention has on the one hand a capacitive coupling to the outside, i.e.
  • the circuit and the second coupling coil are expediently arranged on or within the first coupling coil.
  • the first and second coupling coils are advantageously arranged with a common central axis.
  • the geometric dimensions of the first and second coupling coils essentially match.
  • the first and the second coupling coils are stacked one above the other in the vertical direction, ie in a direction perpendicular to the two parallel planes of the two coils, and are arranged with a common central axis, the first and the second coil being further preferred have essentially the same geometrical shape, so that the first and the second coil appear substantially congruent with one another in a view along the vertical direction.
  • the first coupling coil is preferably likewise planar and preferably has only a few turns, in particular only half a turn for high frequencies of over approximately 300 MHz.
  • the sheet document has a galvanically separated arrangement of the capacitive coupling surfaces - in particular on a second surface of the sheet document, which is arranged opposite to a first surface of the sheet document on which the capacitive coupling surfaces are arranged - one with a conductive one , in particular a strip or patch provided with a metallic layer, which electrically connects the capacitive coupling surfaces in order to increase the parasitic capacitance between the coupling surfaces to a desired capacitance value.
  • the strip or patch preferably coincides with at least partial areas of each of the two coupling surfaces, but the strip or patch and the coupling surfaces with one another and the two coupling electrodes are galvanically separated from one another, so that the strip or patch is a first electrode forms a capacitor, which is formed by the capacitive coupling surfaces on the one hand and the strip or patch on the other hand, and the capacitive coupling surfaces form a two-split second electrode of this capacitor.
  • the invention comprises a method for processing a stack of sheet documents, in particular a stack of banknotes, in which the sheet documents have an electrical circuit for storing security data and a coupling device for contactless communication of the circuits with an external read / write device, which have a comprises coupling coil connected to the circuit.
  • the communication of the read / write device with the sheet document stack is carried out according to the invention at an operating frequency which is different from the resonance frequency of the coupling coil connected to the circuit.
  • the communication is advantageously carried out at an operating frequency which is above the resonance frequency of the coupling coil connected to the circuit by at least a factor 2, preferably at least a factor 5, in particular by about a factor 10.
  • energy is transmitted contactlessly from a read / write device to the sheet document via a first communication channel.
  • the contactless data communication (data transmission) from the circuit to the external read / write device is carried out via a second (different) communication channel which is separate from the first communication channel.
  • the contactless data communication (data transmission) from the external read / write device to the circuit is also carried out via the first communication channel.
  • this data communication can be carried out via the second communication channel.
  • Sheet documents via the second or a third communication channel.
  • the communication of different communication channels is carried out in a variant of the method via spatially separated coupling elements of the leaf document carried out.
  • the communication of different communication channels takes place at different frequencies. It goes without saying that the two possibilities can be combined so that the communication of different communication channels takes place both via spatially separated coupling elements and at different frequencies. The coupling elements can then be optimized for the frequency used.
  • the transmission (of data and / or energy) of the first communication channel is carried out in a low frequency range, in particular below 300 MHz, and the communication of the second communication channel in a higher frequency range, in particular above 300 MHz.
  • Another method for processing a stack of sheet documents, in particular a stack of banknotes, the attenuation of which has at least a local minimum as in a predetermined electromagnetic frequency range is characterized by the following method steps:
  • the transmission frequency is preferably varied within the selected partial range until at least one local maximum and one local minimum of the attenuation are found.
  • the transmission frequency in step d) is successively increased or decreased in small steps.
  • the sub-range of the predetermined frequency range is expediently selected within a pass band of the sheet document stack.
  • the mentioned method is particularly suitable for the processing of such sheet document stacks, the sheet documents of which contain an electrical circuit with conductive capacitive coupling surfaces between which an inductive compensation element is connected, since such stacks typically show a transfer function of an nth order filter, where n is the number of Sheet documents are in the stack, so that the transmission function in the pass band fluctuates in terms of attenuation as a function of frequency between relatively high and relatively low attenuation values.
  • a further method for processing a stack of sheet documents, in particular a stack of banknotes, the damping of which has a number of local minima as in a predetermined electromagnetic frequency range is characterized by the following method steps:
  • step d) modulating the load modulator with a test frequency and determining the remaining modulation amplitude at the input of the sheet document stack at the transmission frequencies determined in step d) with locally minimal attenuation
  • the transmission frequency in step d) is varied within the selected partial range until at least n local maxima and n local minima of the damping are found, n being greater than or equal to 2.
  • the transmission frequency in step d) is advantageously increased or decreased successively in small steps.
  • the sub-area in step b) is expediently selected within a pass-through area of the sheet document stack.
  • the described method is particularly suitable for the processing of such sheet document stacks whose sheet documents contain an electrical circuit and a coupling device with a circuit for load modulation.
  • data communication from the circuits of the individual sheet documents to a read / write device is carried out at the working frequency.
  • Another method for processing a stack of sheet documents containing one or more sheet documents, in particular a stack of banknotes, the damping of which has several local minima in a predetermined electromagnetic frequency range is characterized by the method steps: a) arranging the sheet document stack between a transmitting device and a receiving device provided with a load modulator,
  • the first transmission frequency is set so that the attenuation is minimal, ie the energy transfer in the stack is maximum.
  • the second frequency is set so that the modulation amplitude at the input is maximum.
  • the first transmission frequency which is set to optimal energy transmission (minimal attenuation), is preferably used for energy transmission and / or data transmission to the sheet documents, that is to say, for example, from a read / write device to the respective bank note.
  • the second transmission frequency which is set to optimal data transmission capacity (maximum modulation amplitude at the input), is preferably used for data transmission from the sheet documents, that is to say for example for data transmission from a bank note to the read / write device or for data transmission between different bank notes.
  • the amplitude of the electromagnetic alternating field with the first transmission frequency is preferably at least as large as, preferably greater than the amplitude of the electromagnetic alternating field with the second transmission frequency.
  • the amplitude of the alternating electromagnetic field with the first transmission frequency is significantly greater than the amplitude of the alternating electromagnetic field with the second transmission frequency. This is expedient since the energy transmission, for which a larger amplitude is recommended than for the data transmission, is only carried out at the first transmission frequency.
  • step d) at least two local minima of the are varied in step d) by varying the first transmission frequency
  • Damping of the sheet document stack is determined, the process steps being carried out further: h) after step e) and optionally before or after step f): determining and selecting that first transmission frequency of locally minimal attenuation at which the modulation amplitude determined at the input is maximum, and
  • step h Using the first transmission frequency selected according to step h) as working frequencies for the further processing of the banknote stack.
  • the first transmission frequency is not only tuned to the fact that the attenuation is minimal, but also to the fact that the modulation amplitude is maximal as a function of the value of the first transmission frequency.
  • the first transmission frequency at which the energy supply takes place is simultaneously set for the best possible data transmission.
  • the second transmission frequency is still tuned to ensure that the modulation amplitude is maximum as a function of the value of the second transmission frequency, so that the second transmission frequency is set up for data transmission that is as clear as possible.
  • the sequence of the process steps can be the given alphabetical one, but can also be selected appropriately in another way.
  • At least one further alternating electromagnetic field of a further transmission frequency is coupled into the sheet document stack from the selected partial area.
  • a further transmission frequency is preferred, as is the second transmission frequency, used for data transmission from a banknote to the read / write device or for data transmission between different banknotes.
  • One or more of the further transmission frequencies can optionally be selected in accordance with steps f) and g), ie by setting the respective transmission frequency to a maximum modulation amplitude at the input.
  • the further transmission frequency or at least some of the further transmission frequencies is intentionally not set to a maximum modulation amplitude at the input or output, so that sheet documents are inside the sheet document stack, for the second transmission frequency with at the input or output of the sheet document stack of maximized modulation amplitude is disadvantageous, yet can successfully transmit data.
  • the data transmission between the electronic circuits of the sheet documents of the stack can thereby be optimized or even made possible over the entire stack length.
  • the pulses in step c) are advantageously generated with a pulse duration that is slightly longer than the time period for switching on the load resistor defined for a load modulator of a sheet document.
  • the duration of a load change is expediently chosen to be longer than the transit time of a signal through the sheet document stack.
  • the invention also includes a device for processing a stack of sheet documents, in particular a stack of banknotes, in which the sheet documents contain an electrical circuit and a coupling device with a circuit for load modulation.
  • the device contains a transmitting device for coupling an alternating electromagnetic field into an initial region of the sheet document stack, a receiving device for determining the energy of the alternating field transmitted by the sheet document stack and for outputting one of the determined energy. output signal, the transmitting and receiving device being arranged such that the sheet document stack can be inserted between them.
  • the device further contains a modulator device which interacts with the transmitter device and which modulates the alternating field generated by the transmitter device as a function of an input signal, and a signal shaping circuit which interacts with the receiver device and which generates the input signal for the modulator device from the output signal of the receiver device that a load modulation signal generated by the circuit of a sheet document anywhere in the stack is fed back to the initial region of the stack.
  • a modulator device which interacts with the transmitter device and which modulates the alternating field generated by the transmitter device as a function of an input signal
  • a signal shaping circuit which interacts with the receiver device and which generates the input signal for the modulator device from the output signal of the receiver device that a load modulation signal generated by the circuit of a sheet document anywhere in the stack is fed back to the initial region of the stack.
  • the invention includes a book-like document, in particular a passport document such as a passport with a plurality of interconnected security sheets, of which at least one, preferably each, is designed as a sheet document according to the invention.
  • a book-like document is machine-readable and highly secure and can be checked without having to turn the pages of the document.
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a capacitively coupled banknote with chip according to an embodiment of the invention
  • 2 shows a schematic illustration of a capacitively coupled banknote with chip according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a stack of capacitively coupled banknotes with an inductive compensation element
  • FIG. 7 shows a read / write device with feedback for reading out a stack of capacitively coupled banknotes according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows two exemplary embodiments for banknotes with a chip, which have an inductive compensation element, in (a) for the range of lower operating frequencies ⁇ 50 MHz, in (b) for the range of higher operating frequencies, here for 868 MHz and 2.5 GHz . 9 in (a) to (d) four exemplary embodiments for inductive compensation elements, the elements shown in (a), (c) and (d) corresponding to those in FIG. 8,
  • FIG. 11 shows a basic circuit diagram for the inductively coupled chip of the banknote of FIG. 10,
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a passport book with capacitively coupled security pages according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a capacitively coupled banknote with chip.
  • a chip 12 with an electrical circuit is applied to a banknote substrate 14, for example cotton paper.
  • the Chip 12 is connected via connecting lines 16 to three large-area conductive capacitive coupling electrodes 18 and 20, which are used for the energy and data transmission between the bank note 10 and a read / write device 22.
  • the coupling electrodes 18, 20 are printed on the banknote substrate 14 using conductive printing inks.
  • the two external coupling electrodes 18 are used on the one hand for the energy supply of the chip 12 and on the other hand for the data communication 24 from the read / write device 22 to the chip 12 (hereinafter referred to as downlink).
  • the electrode 20 in the middle is used for data communication 26 from the chip 12 to the read / write device 22 (hereinafter referred to as uplink).
  • data communication between the chips 12 of different banknotes 10 (hereinafter referred to as interlink) is also implemented via this electrode 20.
  • the communication channels with regard to energy and data downlink on the one hand and data uplink and data interlink on the other are thus spatially separated from one another in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the data downlink that is to say the data communication 24 from the read / write device 22 to the chip 12, can also take place via the central electrode 20, so that only the energy transfer is carried out via the outer coupling electrodes 18.
  • FIG. 2 Another exemplary embodiment, in which, in addition to spatial separation, communication channels in the frequency domain are also separated, is shown in FIG. 2.
  • additional antennas 32 are applied to the banknote substrate 14 in addition to the chip 12 and a first pair of large-area coupling electrodes 30.
  • the coupling electrodes 30 and the antennas 32 are each electrically connected to the chip 12.
  • the chip 12 is supplied with energy via a capacitive coupling to the read / write device 22, which is implemented by means of the coupling electrodes 30.
  • the data downlink 24 from the read / write device 22 to the chip 12 is also implemented in the exemplary embodiment via the capacitive coupling.
  • the range below 300 MHz is preferred as the frequency range for the capacitive coupling.
  • the data uplink 26 from the chip 12 to the read / write device 22 is carried out in a higher frequency range, preferably in the range above 300 MHz.
  • the antennas 32 are particularly set up for communication at these higher frequencies.
  • the energy transmission and the downlink communication 24 take place at a frequency of e.g. 30 MHz, the uplink communication, however, at a frequency of 868 MHz.
  • the coupling device contains two capacitive coupling surfaces, two coupling capacitors are available for each banknote.
  • the two coupling capacitors appear as a series connection of the individual capacitors, so that only Ck / 2 is effective in the equivalent circuit diagram.
  • an inductance L p is therefore connected in parallel to the parasitic capacitance C p , as shown in the equivalent circuit diagram in FIG. 3.
  • further banknotes 10-2, 10-3 and the continuation of the stack are indicated there.
  • the value of the inductance L p is chosen according to the invention in such a way that the phase angle of the current i 2 generated by the parasitic capacitance C p is compensated for as far as possible by the inductance within the stack.
  • the banknotes 10, 10-2, 10-3 ... in the stack influence one another, so that the resonance frequency of the elements C p and L p in the parallel resonance circuit generally does not correspond to the operating frequency of the stack. Examples of the specific implementation of such an inductance L p are described in detail below in connection with FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 4 shows a read / write device 40 for reading out a stack 42 of capacitively coupled banknotes 10. While in conventional RFID readers the voltage source and the receiver are operated on the same coupling unit (antenna), in the read / write device 40 there are The voltage or signal source 44 and the receiving device 48 are separated and each connected to the banknote stack 42 via separate coupling units or antennas 46 and 50. Energy and data are coupled into the stack 42 via the signal source 44 at the top. The data sent by the banknotes 10, for example a serial number, is read out by coupling the receiving device 48 to the opposite underside of the stack 42.
  • the signal source 44 and the receiving device 48 can also be equipped with a modulator 52 or a load modulator 56 , whose function and mode of action are explained below.
  • a further receiving device 54 can be provided parallel to the signal source 44.
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 3 represents an Nth order bandpass for a stack of N banknotes.
  • the bandpass formed by the banknote stack has a wide passband 62 in which electrical energy can be transmitted to the individual banknotes 10 with very little attenuation. Outside the passband 62, the damping very quickly reaches very large values.
  • the frequency range from 10 MHz to 160 MHz is shown, the pass band 62 being approximately 100 MHz wide.
  • the attenuation within the passband exhibits a strongly varying or fluctuating behavior, that is to say there are alternating individual frequencies at which the attenuation has a local maximum 64 or a local minimum 66.
  • the exact location of the local extremes depends on the values of the capacities involved, in particular on the coupling capacitance Ck.
  • the coupling capacitance Ck itself is determined by the size of the coupling electrodes, the properties of the dielectric, which is a mixture of banknote paper and air, and given by the distance between the coupling electrodes, in particular the paper thickness.
  • a sub-area 68 of the pass-through area 62 of the bandpass filter is now selected before the actual processing of the banknote stack 42.
  • the signal frequency of the signal source 44 is increased in small steps starting from the smallest frequency value, and in each case the output voltage supplied by the receiving device 48 at the lower end of the stack is measured as a measure of the energy transmitted through the stack.
  • the step size can be approximately 10 kHz for a width of the subrange of 10 MHz, for example.
  • the load modulation can be clearly recognized by the voltage-time profile 74 of this chip.
  • the load modulation can also be detected without any problems at the exit of the stack (curve 76).
  • the modulation signal itself can still be detected at signal source 44.
  • Such behavior is expressly desired when processing stacks of banknotes, since communication between the chips 12 of different banknotes (interlink) can also take place, which enables, for example, the implementation of effective anti-detection algorithms.
  • interlink interlink
  • bit-by-bit arbitration of the serial data stream generated by the chips 12 a unique serial number can be transmitted to the receiving device 48 within only one iteration loop.
  • the transmission behavior of a load modulation signal to the signal source 44 is heavily dependent on the selected operating frequency. For example, at a different operating frequency than selected in FIG. 6, the load modulation of the chip shown above could no longer be detected at the input.
  • the working frequency according to the invention can be determined as follows before the actual processing of the stack of banknotes.
  • At least two local minima 66 of the attenuation of the energy transmission are determined, as described above in connection with FIG. 5.
  • a larger frequency range is searched than in the exemplary embodiment described in FIG. 5 in order to determine a larger number of local minima 66 of the attenuation of the energy transmission.
  • the receiver 48 of the read / write device 40 is equipped for the implementation of this method with a load modulator 56 which simulates the load modulation of a chip 12 in the last position in the stack.
  • the load modulator 56 at the end of the stack is now modulated with a test signal of a test frequency and the modulation amplitude of the test signal remaining at the input of the stack is measured at all of the previously determined individual frequencies of the local minima 66 of the attenuation of the energy transmission.
  • transmission frequency with locally minimal attenuation is selected as the working frequency at which the signal source 44 still measurable modulation achieved by the test signal a maximum amplitude. At this frequency, low attenuation and a large modulation amplitude are then achieved at the same time.
  • the working frequency can be determined by feeding in a second signal with a second frequency f2, which is not equal to fl, at the input of the stack, in addition to the transmission signal with frequency fl. If the load modulator 56 is modulated with the test signal f3 at the end of the stack, then both frequencies fl and f2 are also modulated with the test signal f3 at the input of the stack. The frequency f2 is now tuned in a larger range, and the degree of modulation at the input of the stack is measured on the signal f2. A frequency is then selected for f2 at which the degree of modulation reaches a maximum value.
  • the frequency fl is set according to any of the methods described above, i.e.
  • At least signal f2 modulated by load modulation in the stack but preferably signals fl and f2 are demodulated.
  • the communication channel with frequency fl is used for downlink communication, i.e. for the transmission of energy and / or data from the read / write device to a respective bank note. Since energy is transmitted at the frequency fl, in order to achieve the best possible energy transmission, the frequency is set to a value of fl that the attenuation of the signal with the frequency fl by the stack of banknotes is minimal.
  • the communication channel with the frequency f2 is used for the
  • Uplink communication and / or interlink communication used i.e. for the transfer of data from a banknote to a
  • the frequency f2 is set to a value of f2 that the modulation amplitude is maximum.
  • the second communication channel i.e. used for the transmission of data uplink from a banknote to the reader / writer or interlink between banknotes
  • further frequencies f4, f5, f6, f7 etc for some of the other frequencies f4, f5, f6, f7 etc., the value of the frequency is set analogously to the value of the frequency f2.
  • the frequency f2 and the further frequency (s) can be set either one after the other or simultaneously.
  • the frequency is not set to the maximum modulation amplitude at the input, but e.g. set to minimum modulation amplitude at the input.
  • the second communication channel provided for the uplink or interlink communication with its plurality of frequencies f2, f4, f5, f6, f7 etc. offers all banknotes of the stack of banknotes the possibility of sending data.
  • the banknotes of the stack are designated by reference numerals 80-1, 80-2, ... 80- (N-2), 80- (N-1), 80-N.
  • a chip 12 of a bank note 82 arranged at any point in the interior of the stack carries out load modulation in the situation shown. In order to make the load modulation signal 90 of these chips detectable for all other chips in the stack, the load modulation signal 92 detected at the end of the stack is fed back to the input of the stack.
  • the read / write device contains, in addition to the signal source 44, a modulation circuit 52 at the beginning of the stack and a receiving device 48 at the end of the stack.
  • the receiver 48 provides an output voltage 92 proportional to the energy transmitted through the stack. This causes load modulation of a banknote chip 12 in the stack to be output by the receiving device 48 as a modulated voltage 92 which is proportional to the load change 90.
  • the modulated output voltage 92 of the receiving device 48 is fed to a signal shaping circuit 84 which generates 92 pulses with a defined pulse duration from the voltage changes of the output signal (reference symbol 94). These pulses are with a slightly larger Ren pulse duration generated as the time period for switching on the load resistor defined for the load modulator of a bank note 82.
  • the signal 94 shaped in this way is used to control the modulator 52, which changes the output voltage of the signal source 44 for the duration of a pulse, attenuating in the exemplary embodiment that the resulting signal 96 from all chips in the stack - especially also from the chips on Start of the stack - interpreted as a load modulation signal from a single banknote chip.
  • duration of a load change is selected to be greater than the transit time of a signal through the stack. It is also a matter of course that the temporal arrangement and sequence of the transmitted load and voltage changes represents a sequence of data to be transmitted.
  • the method described with reference to FIG. 7 is particularly suitable for banknotes with two communication channels at different frequencies fl, f2 and / or in combination with the method for processing banknotes in which two different transmission frequencies fl, f2 are used for two different communication channels .
  • the signal source 44 outputs two signals with different frequencies fl, f2, both of which are received at the receiving device.
  • the modulated output voltage 92b with frequency f2 of the receiving device 48 is fed to a signal shaping circuit 84 which generates 92 pulses with a defined pulse duration from the voltage changes of the output signal (reference symbol 94). These pulses are generated with a slightly longer pulse duration than the time period for switching on the load resistor defined for the load modulator of a bank note 82.
  • the signal 94 shaped in this way is used to control the modulator 52, which outputs the output voltage with the frequency for the duration of a pulse.
  • the frequency of the signal source is changed so that in the exemplary embodiment it weakens that the resulting signal 96 is interpreted by all chips in the stack - especially also by the chips at the beginning of the stack - as a load modulation signal of an individual banknote chip.
  • FIG. 8 shows two exemplary embodiments for banknotes with chip 12, which have an inductive compensation element with inductance L p , as was described above with reference to FIG. 3.
  • 8 (a) shows a design of a banknote for the range of low working frequencies ⁇ 50 MHz
  • FIG. 8 (b) shows a design for the range of higher working frequencies, here for 868 MHz and 2.45 GHz.
  • the compensation elements of FIG. 8 will now be explained in more detail with further reference to FIGS. 9 (a) to (d).
  • the metallic coating of the strip 100 is structured (reference symbol 102) in such a way that an inductance of the desired value L p is formed.
  • the use of such a metal-coated strip offers several advantages. On the one hand, the strip offers a convenient option for contacting the flat electrodes 104. If these are printed with a conductive printing ink, they cannot simply be contacted using conventional methods such as bonding, soldering or flip-chip assembly. In contrast, the strip 100 can be applied to the banknote substrate 14 in such a way that an electrical connection is established between the previously printed electrodes 104 and the strip.
  • the electrodes 104 can also be printed on the substrate after the strip 100 has been applied.
  • the metallic coating of the strip 100 is interrupted at the installation position of the chip 12, so that a connection point of the chip 12 is electrically connected to a first coating segment and a second connection point of the chip 12 is electrically connected to a second coating segment ,
  • an inductive compensation element consists in applying a coil 106 to the chip 12 by means of a galvanic deposition process, see FIG. 9 (b).
  • a galvanic deposition process see FIG. 9 (b).
  • Suitable methods for producing such a “coil on chip” are known.
  • the coil is placed as a planar spiral arrangement directly on the insulator of a silicon chip and is electrically connected to the circuit underneath through openings in the insulator layer.
  • a final passivation based on polyamide is carried out.
  • FIGS. 8 (b) and 9 (c) One possibility, as shown in FIGS. 8 (b) and 9 (c), is to realize a coil 108 on the semiconductor material 110 (for example silicon, a-Si, p-Si, organic semiconductors) itself.
  • semiconductor material 110 for example silicon, a-Si, p-Si, organic semiconductors
  • MEMS microelectro-mechanical components and systems
  • the inductance L p required for compensation can assume very small values. It is known from the construction of radio devices for these frequency ranges that simple conductor loops already have an inductance of a few tens of nH.
  • FIGS. 8 (b) and 9 (c) One possibility, as shown in FIGS. 8 (b) and 9 (c), is to realize a coil 108 on the semiconductor material 110 (for example silicon, a-Si, p-Si, organic semiconductors) itself.
  • MEMS microelectro-mechanical components and systems
  • the inductance L p required for compensation
  • a conductor loop 114 made of a conductive material, e.g. B. a conductive ink to apply to the banknote substrate.
  • a conductor loop represents an effective short circuit for voltages with a low frequency, in particular for DC voltage, and thus effectively protects the chip 12 at its inputs against static electricity (discharge sparks).
  • a banknote can also be equipped with a plurality of inductive compensation elements in order to allow operation at different working frequencies.
  • the banknote shown in FIG. 8 (b) contains both a coil 108 arranged directly on the semiconductor material for communication at 868 MHz, and a half conductor loop 114 for communication at 2.45 GHz.
  • FIG. 10 shows in (a) a partial view of a bank note 10 with a chip 12 which is inductively connected to the large-area capacitive citative coupling surfaces 120 is coupled.
  • the coupling surfaces 120 are electrically connected to a coupling coil 122 with inductance L1.
  • the coupling coil 122 can be applied, for example, in terms of printing technology in the same work step as the coupling surfaces 120 and, depending on the desired working frequency, consists of at least half a turn, as shown for example in FIG. 9. Usually, however, a coil with one or more coil turns is used, as shown in Fig. 10 (b).
  • the chip 12 is provided with a second coupling coil 124, which is galvanically deposited on the chip, with inductance L2 ("coil on chip", CoC).
  • the chip 12 with the second coupling coil 124 is applied to the banknote substrate in such a way that the second coupling coil 124 comes to rest on or within the first coupling coil 122.
  • a particularly good coupling is achieved if the second coupling coil 124 and the first coupling coil 122 are located on a common central axis.
  • the geometric dimensions of the coupling coil 122 are preferably selected such that they are identical to the geometric dimensions of the second coupling coil 124 in order to achieve the best possible magnetic coupling between the two coils.
  • FIG. 11 shows a basic circuit diagram for the inductively coupled chip of the banknote of FIG. 10.
  • the chip 12 is inductively coupled to the capacitive coupling surfaces 120 via the two coupling coils 124 and 122.
  • the capacitance Cpl which occurs as a parasitic capacitance between the coupling surfaces 120 due to the design. Since the parasitic capacitance cannot be eliminated, it is increased according to the invention by the parallel connection of additional capacitances, for example using a metallized strip or patch, if necessary optimize the electrical transmission behavior in the stack with an adjusted total capacity value.
  • FIG. 12 An equivalent circuit diagram for a stack of N capacitively coupled banknotes 10 with an inductively coupled chip 12 is shown in FIG. 12.
  • a mathematical analysis of the equivalent circuit shown shows very good transmission behavior with regard to energy transmission in the frequency range around 100 MHz.
  • the area of the resonance frequency of the second coupling coils 124 of the chips which is measured outside the stack at 13.56 MHz, no energy transfer in the stack is possible.
  • a working frequency for communication with the stack which differs from the resonance frequency of the coupling coils (here 13.56 MHz).
  • the working frequency used in the stack is selected to be 10 times greater than the resonance frequency of the CoC. It is clear that transponder chips designed for these frequencies are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un document de type feuille (10) qui comprend un circuit de commutation électrique (12) servant à sauvegarder des données de sécurité, ainsi qu'un dispositif de couplage pour la communication sans contact du circuit de commutation avec un dispositif de lecture/écriture externe. Selon l'invention, le dispositif de couplage comprend plusieurs éléments de couplage (18, 20) séparés dans l'espace pour différents canaux de communication. L'invention concerne également différents procédés pour le traitement de documents de type feuilles, notamment en piles de documents de type feuilles.
EP04765403A 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Document de type feuille comprenant un circuit de commutation electrique Ceased EP1668603A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10343546A DE10343546A1 (de) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Blattdokument mit einem elektrischen Schaltkreis
PCT/EP2004/010513 WO2005031983A2 (fr) 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Document de type feuille comprenant un circuit de commutation electrique

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EP1668603A2 true EP1668603A2 (fr) 2006-06-14

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EP04765403A Ceased EP1668603A2 (fr) 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Document de type feuille comprenant un circuit de commutation electrique

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WO (1) WO2005031983A2 (fr)

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DE102006024948A1 (de) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-06 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Übertragung von Daten und/oder Energie zwischen einem Endgerät und wenigstens einem Transponder
JP5057786B2 (ja) 2006-08-09 2012-10-24 富士通株式会社 タグ
JP5076519B2 (ja) 2007-01-31 2012-11-21 富士通株式会社 タグ
DE102008002583A1 (de) * 2008-06-23 2010-01-14 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal
DE102008035969A1 (de) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument sowie Verfahren zur Verifikation
EP2645298A1 (fr) 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 austriamicrosystems AG Objet portable et système de transmission d'informations
GB202108000D0 (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-07-21 Frisense Ltd Capacitive coupled rfid tag reader

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DE2919649A1 (de) * 1979-05-16 1980-11-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Sicherheitspapier
US5572226A (en) * 1992-05-15 1996-11-05 Micron Technology, Inc. Spherical antenna pattern(s) from antenna(s) arranged in a two-dimensional plane for use in RFID tags and labels
GB2326529B (en) * 1997-06-04 2001-12-05 Identec Ltd Radio frequency antenna
DE20019248U1 (de) * 2000-11-13 2001-03-01 MOBA - Mobile Automation GmbH, 65604 Elz Transponder-Lesevorrichtung
DE10056148A1 (de) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-23 Infineon Technologies Ag Kontaktloser Datenträger
CN1589457B (zh) * 2001-12-21 2010-05-12 德国捷德有限公司 片材及用于制造和处理该片材的设备与方法

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DE10343546A1 (de) 2005-09-01
WO2005031983A3 (fr) 2005-05-26
WO2005031983A2 (fr) 2005-04-07

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