EP1674657A1 - Procédé de construction d'un tunnel - Google Patents

Procédé de construction d'un tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1674657A1
EP1674657A1 EP04106796A EP04106796A EP1674657A1 EP 1674657 A1 EP1674657 A1 EP 1674657A1 EP 04106796 A EP04106796 A EP 04106796A EP 04106796 A EP04106796 A EP 04106796A EP 1674657 A1 EP1674657 A1 EP 1674657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beams
arch
tunnel
shaped structure
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04106796A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hendrik Jan Spoelstra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Strukton Infratechnieken BV
Original Assignee
Strukton Infratechnieken BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Strukton Infratechnieken BV filed Critical Strukton Infratechnieken BV
Priority to EP04106796A priority Critical patent/EP1674657A1/fr
Publication of EP1674657A1 publication Critical patent/EP1674657A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E21B7/201—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes with helical conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E21D11/388—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members having longitudinal cavities communicating with the exterior on the outer side of the lining elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of building a tunnel comprising an arch-shaped structure as well as to such tunnel.
  • a particular application of the invention is to build the tunnel or underpass without causing surface disruption.
  • One example thereof is to build a bicycle underpass below an existing rail track or highway without stopping the use and operation thereof.
  • the invention provides a method according to claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention is quite simple and may be used to build both short tunnels and longer tunnels in which a plurality of beams is driven into the ground aligned with each up to a desired length.
  • the arch-shaped structure is formed by driving the elongate beams into the ground in a side-by-side relationship and during or after the creation of the arch-shaped structure, the soil below the arch is excavated in order to form the tunnel opening. If the beams are positioned with respect to each other such that a watertight seal is formed between them, there is no necessity to finish the beams on the inner side of the tunnel but the arch can be used right away. This makes the method according to the invention very simple.
  • the floor and the foundation can be provided in different ways, depending on the underlying soil and the structure under which the tunnel should be made.
  • the elongate beams are driven into the ground while the ground is removed in front of the beams, for example by means of an auger which can be used if the beams are hollow.
  • the auger is inserted through the lumen in the beams and is moved with each beam in order to remove the soil in front of the beam and discharge it through the lumen in the beam.
  • the beam is inserted into the ground by a combination of pressing or jacking and drilling. Due to the small cross section of the building elements (i.e. beams) and due to the manner of driving in the building elements, the soil disruption is kept to a minimum.
  • the invention also includes a tunnel comprising a plurality of elongate beams positioned side by side in a watertight manner to create an arch-shaped structure forming the roof of the tunnel, a foundation connected to the arch-shaped structure and a floor.
  • a tunnel is simple in structure and is easy to build into the ground. The soil and the structures above the tunnel to be excavated are not disrupted so that for example a road above the tunnel can remain in operation during building of the tunnel. If the subsoil is such that no foundation is required, the floor and arch-shaped structure can be supported directly on the subsoil.
  • Figs. 1, 3 and 5 are longitudinal sectional views of three different embodiments of a tunnel according to the invention.
  • Figs. 2, 4 and 6 are front views of the tunnel embodiments of Figs. 1, 3 and 5.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged scale front view of an elongate beam for forming the arch-shaped structure in the tunnel according to Figs. 1-6.
  • Figs. 8-10 show, on an even larger scale, three embodiments of possible seals between two adjacent beams in the arch-shaped structure.
  • Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate two stages in the operation of driving the elongate beams of the arch-shaped structure into the ground.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate in a front view a manner of forming the arch-shaped structure by means of the elongate beams.
  • Figs. 15 - 19 illustrate several stages in providing a floor and foundation in the embodiment of the tunnel according to Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 20 is a sectional view according to the line XX-XX in Fig. 19.
  • FIG. 1 - 6 show several embodiments of a tunnel or underpass.
  • the tunnel is used to underpass a traffic road or railroad which is built on a bank, so that the tunnel to be excavated is made at ground level. It should be understood, however, that the tunnel and the methods of building one could also be used underground.
  • the tunnel includes as main part an arch-shaped structure 1 which is formed of elongate beams 2.
  • These beams 2 are of a substantially rectangular shape, but include an arc shape such that the arch will be formed automatically if the beams 2 are in abutting relationship.
  • they are provided with a tong-and-groove system, wherein one side of each beam is provided with a tongue 3, whereas the opposite side is provided with a groove 4 in which the tongue 3 of the next beam 2 fits.
  • the other two sides of the beam 2 are slightly curved, so that when the beams 2 have been fitted to each other there is formed a smooth surface on the inner side of the arch-shaped structure 1.
  • the beams 2 are hollow and have a lumen 5 extending in longitudinal direction through the whole length of each beam 2. The function and advantages thereof will be described later on.
  • the tunnel may further include a floor 6 and a foundation 7.
  • the foundation 7 is positioned at the ends of the tunnel and in this case laterally and longitudinally outside the arch-shaped structure 1.
  • the foundation 7 comprises in this embodiment foundation piles 8 and supporting heads 9 resting on the piles 8.
  • the transverse supporting heads 9 support the ends of an arch-shaped end beam 10 created around the ends of the elongate beams 2 and being fixed thereto.
  • This end beams 10 may also support or be connected to a further superstructure 11 provided on the bank B.
  • pre-tensioning elements such as cables or rods through the lumen 5 in the beams 2, which are stretched and fixed outside the beams 2, for example to the end beams 10. These pre-tensioning elements will increase the strength of the arch-shaped structure 1.
  • the floor 6 is part of the foundation and for this purpose, the floor 6 is fixed on its lateral sides 2 at least to the lower beams 2 of the arch-shaped structure 1 and is supported on foundation piles 12.
  • the floor 6 may be made of prefabricated elements or may be cast in situ. The method of building this embodiment of the tunnel according to the invention will be explained later on with reference to Figs. 15 - 19.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of the tunnel according to the invention, in which the underground or subsoil functions as the foundation of the tunnel.
  • the underground consists of non-settling material, such as rock or sand.
  • the floor 6 and the arch-shaped structure 1 are formed directly on the underground or subsoil.
  • Figs. 7 - 10 show the cross-sectional shape of the elongate beams 2 in more detail. If the arch shape of the structure 1 has a constant curvature, all beams 2 may have the same cross section, but in principle it is possible to create an arch which has different curvatures along its cross-section and in that case beams 2 with different cross sections will be used along the length of the arch.
  • Figs. 8 - 10 show three embodiments of a seal between adjacent beams 2 in order to obtain water tightness of the arch-shaped structure 1. In that case, no finishing or sealing layers are necessary on the inside or outside of the arch-shaped structure.
  • a porous tube or hose 13 for example made of coconut fibre material, is provided between the tongue 3 and groove 4 of the adjacent beams 2 and preferably this tube or hose 13 is accommodated partly in a small notch 14 in the tongue 3 of the beams 2.
  • the tube 13 is introduced simultaneously with one of the adjacent beams 2.
  • a sealing fluid such as grout or the like, is injected into the tube 13 and this fluid fills the tube 13 but will also leave the tube through the pores in order to fill the space between the adjacent beams 2. In this way there is created a watertight seal between the beams 2 in the arch-shaped structure 1.
  • Fig. 9 shows the second embodiment wherein a solid rubber seal 15 is positioned under tension between the tongue 3 and groove 4 of adjacent beams 2 in order to create a watertight seal.
  • Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment which is a combination of the embodiments of Figs. 8 and 9.
  • a rubber seal 15 is provided in a notch 14 in the tongue 3 of one of the beams 2 and this rubber seal 15 may be filled in order to either create pressure from the inside to close off the space between the adjacent beams 2 or to be enable the rubber seal to accommodate movements and forces between the adjacent beams 2.
  • the arch-shaped structure 1 is created by subsequently driving a plurality of elongate beams 2 substantially horizontally into the ground, in this case into the ground forming a bank B, in a side-by-side relationship.
  • a driving apparatus 16 In order to drive each beam 2 into the ground, a driving apparatus 16 is used which uses a combination of drilling and pressing or jacking to drive the beams 2 into the ground.
  • a pilot rod 17 In order to guide the beams 2 through the ground, a pilot rod 17 is driven into the ground by means of the driving apparatus 16. Said pilot rod 17 has a small diameter and has a pointed tip in order to cut through the ground easily. This piloting operation is illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 12 shows the next step in the driving operation and in this step, the beams 2 are driven into the ground guided around the pilot rod 17.
  • a ground drill or auger 18 which is hollow so as to be guided around the pilot rod 17 and which is introduced in the ground together with the beam.
  • the auger 18 is inserted into the beam 2 through the lumen 5 therein and this auger 18 projects slightly from the driving end of the beam 2 so as to remove the ground in front of the beam 2 and to discharge this ground or soil through the lumen 5 to a position behind the beam 2.
  • the beam 2 is introduced into the ground by a combination of drilling and pressing as this beam 2 is forced into the ground by pressure exerted by the driving apparatus 16.
  • a plurality of beams 2 are driven into the ground in alignment with each other such that the combined length of the aligned beams 2 corresponds with the desired length of the arch-shaped structure. Different lengths of the beams 2 may be used or the end beams 2 can be cut off at the desired length if the length of the arch-shaped structure 1 varies along the arch.
  • the creation of the arch-shaped structure 1 is started with a centre beam 2' which does no have a tongue 3 and groove 4 at opposite sides, but has a groove 4 on opposite sides.
  • the cross section of the tunnel is symmetrical with the tongues 3 of the beams 2 being directed to the centre of the arch on both sides of the centre beam 2'.
  • the halves of the arch-shaped structure 1 are created one after the other.
  • other ways of creating the arch are conceivable.
  • Figs. 15 - 19 illustrate a method of excavating the tunnel and providing the floor and foundation of the tunnel, in particular in the embodiments according to Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 15 shows the situation after the arch-shaped structure 1 has been created. Then the soil within the arch-shaped structure 1 is removed in a segment S on one end of the arch-shaped structure 1.
  • a floor 6 is created in this excavated segment S and in case the floor 6 is founded, foundation piles 12 are first driven into the soil before the floor 6 is provided thereon. If the floor 6 is finished in this first segment S, the next segment S is excavated as is illustrated in Fig. 17. This next segment S is neighbouring the first segment S. As is illustrated in Fig. 18, the floor 6 and the foundation 7 are then provided in this second segment S. This operation is continued until all of the soil within the arch-shaped structure 1 has been excavated and the floor 7 has been provided at the bottom of this excavated tunnel.
  • the tunnel is of greater length or if loads on the arch-shaped structure 1 are relatively high, it is possible to form one or more cambered trusses 19 at one or more positions between the ends of the arch-shaped structure 1 to improve the strength of this structure.
  • This truss 19 is shown in Figs. 19 and 20.
  • the invention provides a method with which a tunnel can be built in a simple and quick manner without disturbing the soil above it.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the arch may be varied, and more resemble a rounded rectangle.
  • the vertical support for beams by the adjacent beam will be less in the centre of the tunnel, so it is desirable then to provide a supporting arch.
  • the beams are driven into the ground subsequently, but it is also conceivable that more than one beam is inserted at a time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
EP04106796A 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé de construction d'un tunnel Withdrawn EP1674657A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04106796A EP1674657A1 (fr) 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé de construction d'un tunnel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04106796A EP1674657A1 (fr) 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé de construction d'un tunnel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1674657A1 true EP1674657A1 (fr) 2006-06-28

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EP04106796A Withdrawn EP1674657A1 (fr) 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé de construction d'un tunnel

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EP (1) EP1674657A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101864959B (zh) * 2009-04-17 2013-06-12 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 一种地下车站主体结构的暗挖施工方法
JP2016141946A (ja) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-08 株式会社大林組 パイル案内用ガイド部材およびトンネル地盤支持方法
JP2017082550A (ja) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-18 大成建設株式会社 地下構造物の構築方法、地下構造物および継手構造
CN107288642A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-24 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 Pba施工工艺

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1289550A (fr) * 1969-12-30 1972-09-20
DE2250635A1 (de) * 1972-10-16 1974-04-25 Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd Verfahren zum bau eines tunnels
US4009579A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-03-01 Patzner Delbert M Method for constructing a tunnel or underpass
US4139320A (en) * 1976-08-20 1979-02-13 Japanese National Railways Process for excavating and constructing tunnel and excavating device
JPS5458919A (en) * 1977-10-19 1979-05-12 Japan National Railway Method of constructing tunnel under roadway
JPH03156094A (ja) * 1989-11-13 1991-07-04 Higashi Nippon Riyokaku Tetsudo Kk 路盤下横断円形断面構造物およびその施工方法
JPH11247275A (ja) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 止水材
JP2000337093A (ja) * 1999-05-26 2000-12-05 Nihon Samicon Kk アーチ形中空構造物
JP2001123791A (ja) * 1999-10-28 2001-05-08 Shin Gijutsu Koei Kk 掘削機及び掘削方法
JP2003176698A (ja) * 2001-12-11 2003-06-27 Hayakawa Rubber Co Ltd トンネル構造の補修工法及びトンネル構造
JP2004011341A (ja) * 2002-06-10 2004-01-15 Nippon Grease Nipple Kk 薬剤注入用ホース

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1289550A (fr) * 1969-12-30 1972-09-20
DE2250635A1 (de) * 1972-10-16 1974-04-25 Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd Verfahren zum bau eines tunnels
US4009579A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-03-01 Patzner Delbert M Method for constructing a tunnel or underpass
US4139320A (en) * 1976-08-20 1979-02-13 Japanese National Railways Process for excavating and constructing tunnel and excavating device
JPS5458919A (en) * 1977-10-19 1979-05-12 Japan National Railway Method of constructing tunnel under roadway
JPH03156094A (ja) * 1989-11-13 1991-07-04 Higashi Nippon Riyokaku Tetsudo Kk 路盤下横断円形断面構造物およびその施工方法
JPH11247275A (ja) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 止水材
JP2000337093A (ja) * 1999-05-26 2000-12-05 Nihon Samicon Kk アーチ形中空構造物
JP2001123791A (ja) * 1999-10-28 2001-05-08 Shin Gijutsu Koei Kk 掘削機及び掘削方法
JP2003176698A (ja) * 2001-12-11 2003-06-27 Hayakawa Rubber Co Ltd トンネル構造の補修工法及びトンネル構造
JP2004011341A (ja) * 2002-06-10 2004-01-15 Nippon Grease Nipple Kk 薬剤注入用ホース

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 386 (M - 1163) 30 September 1991 (1991-09-30) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 14 22 December 1999 (1999-12-22) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 15 6 April 2001 (2001-04-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 22 9 March 2001 (2001-03-09) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2003, no. 10 8 October 2003 (2003-10-08) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2003, no. 12 5 December 2003 (2003-12-05) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101864959B (zh) * 2009-04-17 2013-06-12 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 一种地下车站主体结构的暗挖施工方法
JP2016141946A (ja) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-08 株式会社大林組 パイル案内用ガイド部材およびトンネル地盤支持方法
JP2017082550A (ja) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-18 大成建設株式会社 地下構造物の構築方法、地下構造物および継手構造
CN107288642A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-24 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 Pba施工工艺

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