EP1713588A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von monodispersen acrylhaltigen perlpolymerisaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von monodispersen acrylhaltigen perlpolymerisatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1713588A2 EP1713588A2 EP05701149A EP05701149A EP1713588A2 EP 1713588 A2 EP1713588 A2 EP 1713588A2 EP 05701149 A EP05701149 A EP 05701149A EP 05701149 A EP05701149 A EP 05701149A EP 1713588 A2 EP1713588 A2 EP 1713588A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monodisperse
- acrylic
- weight
- monomer feed
- aqueous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 acrylic ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rohrzucker Natural products OCC1OC(CO)(OC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N alpha-Cryptoxanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/[C@H]2C(C)=CCCC2(C)C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- SAMJGBVVQUEMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=COCCOCCOC=C SAMJGBVVQUEMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-FNORWQNLSA-N 1,3-Octadiene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\C=C QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylacrylate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C([O-])=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQQPDTLGLVLNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-sulfobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O WQQPDTLGLVLNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HGXJDMCMYLEZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HGXJDMCMYLEZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWZJGRDWJVHRDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenoxy)butane Chemical compound C=COCCCCOC=C MWZJGRDWJVHRDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSOOIVBINKDISP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(CCC)OC(=O)C(C)=C HSOOIVBINKDISP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylperoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOOCCCCCCCCCCCC LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTPNYMSKBPZSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene Chemical class CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C VTPNYMSKBPZSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZFIGURLAJSLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2h-pyridine Chemical class C=CN1CC=CC=C1 OZFIGURLAJSLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDPFMNDCSZZZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,7,7,9,9-octamethyldecane-3,8-dione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C MDPFMNDCSZZZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHVNEQDNPSQOOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCC(C)(C)C OHVNEQDNPSQOOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGYJSURPYAAOMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC=C PGYJSURPYAAOMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQKYLAIZOGOPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C AQKYLAIZOGOPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFEGKOIJMCGIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxymethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COOC(C)(C)CC NFEGKOIJMCGIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1h-indol-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C(C=CC(O)=O)=C(C(=O)OC)NC2=C1 XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-n-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]propanamide Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVAODKONZNSUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)CC Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)CC RVAODKONZNSUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001174 Diethylhydroxylamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl] 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002152 aqueous-organic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLCKNMAZFRMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 BLCKNMAZFRMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CCN(O)CC FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJUVPCYAOBNZAX-VOTSOKGWSA-N ethyl (e)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(\C)=C\N(C)C RJUVPCYAOBNZAX-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODHYIQOBTIWVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NO ODHYIQOBTIWVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(C)=C KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#N JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQHTYHLJYNSTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 9-tert-butylperoxy-9-oxononanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C VEQHTYHLJYNSTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/43—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
- A23L5/44—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives using carotenoids or xanthophylls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
- A61K31/015—Hydrocarbons carbocyclic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/20—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/24—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by six-membered non-aromatic rings, e.g. beta-carotene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0002—Grinding; Milling with solid grinding or milling assistants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0092—Dyes in solid form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers, the intermediates necessary for this, which are referred to as monodisperse acrylic bead polymers and which preferably have a particle size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, and the use of the mohodisperse acrylic ion exchanger.
- Weakly acidic cation exchangers are generally obtained by hydrolysis of crosslinked acrylic bead polymers.
- Crosslinked polymethylacrylate or polyacrylonitrile bead polymers are converted into beads containing carboxylate by reaction with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution.
- weakly basic anion exchangers can also be obtained by reacting the acrylate groups with diamines. By alkylating these weakly basic anion exchangers, strongly basic anion exchangers can be produced.
- monodisperse ion exchangers with a particle size that is as uniform as possible
- monodisperse ion exchangers with a particle size that is as uniform as possible
- monodisperse ion exchangers can achieve economic advantages.
- Monodisperse ion exchangers can be functionalized by monodisperse bead polymer can be obtained.
- seed / feed process After which a monodisperse polymer (“seed”) is swollen in the monomer and this is then polymerized.
- seed / feed processes are described, for example, in EP-00 98 130 B1 and EP 0 101 943 B1.
- EP-A 0 826 704 discloses a seed feed method in which microencapsulated crosslinked bead polymer is used as the seed.
- a problem with the known methods for producing monodisperse ion exchangers by seed-feed technology is the provision of monodisperse seeds.
- a frequently used method is the fractionation of bead polymers with conventional, i.e. broad particle size distribution.
- a disadvantage of this process is that the yield of the desired target fraction during screening decreases sharply with increasing monodispersity.
- Spraying techniques can be used to produce monodisperse bead polymers in a targeted manner.
- Atomization processes suitable for ion exchangers are described, for example, in EP 0 046 535 B1 and EP 0051 210 B1. A common characteristic of these atomization processes is their very high technical expenditure. The atomization processes usually lead to ion exchanger with a particle size of 500 to 1200 ⁇ m. Ion exchangers with smaller particle sizes cannot be produced or can only be produced with significantly increased effort.
- EP-A 0 448 391 discloses a process for producing polymer particles of uniform particle size in the range from 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- an emulsion polymer with particle sizes of preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m is used as the seed.
- the small diameter of the seed particles used is unfavorable because many repetitions of the feed steps are necessary.
- Cross-linked monodisperse bead polymers with a particle size of 1 to 30 ⁇ m are known from EP-A 0 288 006. These bead polymers are obtained by a seed-feed process in which cross-linked seed particles are used.
- DE-A 102 37601 discloses monodisperse gel-shaped ion exchangers with a diameter of up to 500 ⁇ m, where a monomer mixture is added to a seed polymer as feed which contains 50 to 99.9% by weight of styrene and compounds which can be copolymerized as comonomers, such as eg Contains methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile.
- Narrowly distributed acrylic bead polymers or narrowly distributed weakly acidic cation exchangers in the range from 30 to 500 ⁇ m are usually obtained by fractionating bead polymers or weakly acidic cation exchangers with a broad particle size distribution.
- a disadvantage of this process is that the yield of the desired target fraction in the fractionation decreases sharply with increasing monodispersity.
- the object of the present application was therefore to provide a process for the targeted production of monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers, characterized in that a) an uncrosslinked monodisperse seed polymer having a particle size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m is obtained by radical-initiated polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent generated,
- a monomer feed is added to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer in the presence of a dispersant, which
- the monomer feed can swell into the seeds and polymerize at elevated temperature to form crosslinked monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers, preferably with a particle size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m
- At least one monomer feed in a process step a ') can be added to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer from process step a) in the presence of a dispersant
- Process step a ') can be repeated one or more times before the process is continued with process step b). This measure enables uncured seed polymers of any particle size in the range from 1 to 300 ⁇ m to be obtained.
- the present invention relates to both the monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers according to process step c) and the intermediates obtainable after process step b), the crosslinked monodisperse acrylic bead polymers.
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers have a particle size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 400 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 20 to 300 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 51 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Conventional methods such as sieve analysis or image analysis are suitable for determining the average particle size and the particle size distribution.
- the ratio of the 90% value (0 (90)) and the 10% value (0 (10)) of the volume distribution is formed as a measure of the width of the particle size distribution of the monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers according to the invention.
- the 90% value (0 (90)) indicates the diameter, which is below 90% of the particles.
- 10% of the particles fall below the diameter of the 10% value (0 (10)).
- Monodisperse particle size distributions in the sense of the invention mean 0 (9O) / 0 (10) ⁇ 1.5, preferably 0 (9O) / 0 (10) ⁇ 1.25.
- Monoethylenically unsaturated compounds are used to produce the uncrosslinked seed polymer according to process step a), no multiply ethylenically unsaturated compounds or crosslinking agents being used.
- Monoethylenic compounds suitable according to the invention are: styrene, vinyltoluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate Dodecyimethacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and iso-bornyl methacrylate. Styrene, methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate are preferred. Mixtures of different monoethylenically unsaturated compounds are also very suitable.
- the abovementioned monoethylenically unsaturated compound (s) are polymerized in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent using an initiator.
- Suitable solvents according to the invention are dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, dimemylformamide and alcohols.
- Alcohols in particular methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol and tert-butanol, are preferred.
- Mixtures of different solvents, in particular mixtures of different alcohols are also very suitable.
- the alcohols can also contain up to 50% by weight of water, preferably up to 25% by weight of water.
- non-polar solvents in particular hydrocarbons, such as hexane, heptane and toluene, can also be used in proportions of up to 50% by weight.
- the ratio of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds to solvents is 1: 2 to 1:30, preferably 1: 3 to 1:15.
- the seed polymer according to process step a) is preferably produced in the presence of a high molecular weight dispersant dissolved in the solvent.
- Natural and synthetic macromolecular compounds are suitable as high molecular weight dispersants.
- examples are cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, and copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride.
- Polyvinyl pyrrolidone is preferred.
- the content of high molecular weight dispersant is 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, based on the solvent.
- ionic or non-ionic surfactants can also be used.
- Suitable surfactants for the purposes of the present invention are e.g. Sulfosuccinic acid sodium salt, memyltricaprylammonium chloride or ethoxylated nonylphenols. Ethoxylated nonylphenols having 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units are preferred.
- the surfactants can be used in amounts of 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the solvent.
- Initiators suitable for the preparation of the seed polymer to be prepared in process step a) are compounds which form free radicals when the temperature rises. Examples include: peroxy compounds such as dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, bis (p-chlorobenzoyl) peroxide, dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate and tert-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexane, and further azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) or 2,2 azobis (2-methylisobutyronitrile). If the solvent contains water, sodium or potassium peroxydisulfate is also suitable as an initiator.
- peroxy compounds such as dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, bis (p-chlorobenzoyl) peroxide, dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate and tert-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexane
- azo compounds such
- Aliphatic peroxyesters are also very suitable. Examples of these are tert-butyl peroxy acetate, tert-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxy octoate, tert-buryl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, tert-amyl peroxypivalate, tert-amyl peroxy-octylate -2-ethylhexanoate, tert-a ylperoxyneodecanoate, 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) - 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dipivaloyl-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-bis (2-neodecanoylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane, di-
- the initiators are generally used in amounts of 0.05 to 6.0% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 4% by weight, based on the sum of the monoethylenically unsaturated Connections.
- inhibitors soluble in the solvent can be used.
- suitable inhibitors are phenolic compounds such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, tert-butyl pyrocatechol, condensation products from phenols with aldehydes.
- Other organic inhibitors are nitrogen-containing compounds such as diethyl hydroxylamine or isopropylhydroxylamine.
- resorcinol is preferred as an inhibitor.
- the concentration of the inhibitor is 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the sum of the monoethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the polymerization temperature depends on the decomposition temperature of the initiator and on the boiling point of the solvent and is typically in the range from 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 60 to 120 ° C. It is advantageous to polymerize at the boiling point of the solvent with constant stirring, for example using a grid stirrer. Low stirring speeds are used. In the case of 4 liter laboratory reactors, the stirring speed of a lattice stirrer is 100 to 250 rpm, preferably 100 rpm.
- the polymerization time is generally several hours, e.g. 2 to 30 hours.
- the seed polymers produced according to method step a) are highly monodisperse and have particle sizes of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2.2 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the particle size can be influence by the choice of solvent. For example, higher alcohols such as n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol and tert-butanol provide larger particles than methanol.
- the particle size can be shifted to lower values by a proportion of water or hexane in the solvent. The addition of toluene increases the particle size.
- the seed polymer can be isolated by conventional methods such as sedimentation, centrifugation or filtration. To separate the dispersing agent, it is washed with alcohol and / or water and dried.
- the monoethylenically unsaturated compounds to be used in process step a ') are: styrene, vinyl toluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl acrylate , Decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and iso-bornyl methacrylate.
- the initiators described under process step a) can be used as mandatory initiators in the monomer feed of process step a ').
- the initiators are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the monomer feed.
- Free radical formers are used, for example mixtures of initiators with different decomposition temperatures.
- the weight ratio of seed polymer to monomer feed of process step a ') is 1: 1 to 1: 1000, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 100, particularly preferably 1: 3 to 1.30.
- the addition of the monomer feed to the seed polymer of process step a) or an upstream process step a ') is generally carried out in such a way that a finely divided aqueous emulsion of the monomer feed is added to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer.
- Finely divided emulsions with average particle sizes of 1 to 10 ⁇ m are particularly suitable, which are prepared with the aid of rotor-stator mixers or mixed jet nozzles using emulsifying aids, e.g. Isoctyl sulfosuccinic acid sodium salt can be prepared.
- the constituents of the monomer feed according to process step a ') can be added together or else individually to the seed polymer, the individual constituents being added in each step in the form of a finely divided emulsion as described above.
- the composition of the sum of all added organic phases (monomer feed) is decisive for the present invention. In the case of metering in several metering steps, it may be advantageous to add the total amount of initiator in the first metering step.
- the monomer feed in process step a ') can be added at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the initiator, for example at room temperature. It is advantageous to mix the emulsion (s) containing the monomer feed with stirring for a relatively long period of time, e.g. meter in within 0.25 to 5 hours. After the emulsion (s) have been completely added, stirring is continued, the monomer feed penetrating into the seed particles. A subsequent stirring time of 1 to 15 hours is favorable.
- the amounts of water used in the production of the seed polymer suspension and monomer mixture emulsion are not critical within wide limits. In general, 5 to 50% suspensions or emulsions are used.
- the resulting mixture of seed polymer, monomer feed and water is also mixed in process step a ') with at least one dispersing aid, natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers, such as gelatin, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or (Meth) acrylic acid esters are suitable.
- Cellulose derivatives, in particular cellulose esters or cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, are also very suitable.
- the amount of dispersion aid used is generally 0.05 to 1%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5%, based on the water phase.
- the water phase of process step a ') can also contain a buffer system which adjusts the pH of the water phase to a value between 12 and 3, preferably between 10 and 4.
- Buffer systems which are particularly suitable contain phosphate, acetate, citrate or borate salts.
- inorganic inhibitors are nitrogen compounds such as hydroxylamine, hydrazine, sodium nitrite or Kdiirmnitrit.
- organic inhibitors are phenolic compounds such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, tert-butyl pyrocatechol or condensation products from phenols with aldehydes.
- Other organic additives are nitrogenous compounds such as Diethylhydroxyla in or Isopropylhydroxylarnin.
- Resorcinol is preferred as an inhibitor according to the invention.
- the concentration of the inhibitor is 5 to 1000 ppm, preferably 10 to 500 ppm, particularly preferably 20 to 250 ppm, based on the aqueous phase.
- an elevated temperature for process step a ') in the sense of the present invention to increase the temperature to the decomposition temperature of the initiator, generally 60 to 130.degree. This initiates the polymerization of the monomer feed swollen into the seed particles. The polymerization takes several hours, e.g. 3 to 10 hours.
- the monomer feed is added over a longer period of 1 to 6 hours at a temperature at which at least one of the initiators used is active.
- temperatures of 60 to 130 ° C., preferably 60 to 95 ° C., are used in this procedure.
- the monodisperse, uncrosslinked seed polymer from process step a ') can be carried out using the customary methods, e.g. isolated by filtration or decanting and, if necessary, dried once or several times and, if desired, sieved and stored.
- the seed polymer from a) or a ') is mixed with a feed of an acrylic monomer with initiator and crosslinker.
- the monomer feed of process step b) contains 30 to 98.9% by weight of acrylic monomer, preferably 50 to 97.9% by weight of acrylic monomer.
- acrylic monomers are esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, such as, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, N'-dimemylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, further acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide or methacrylamide.
- the monomer feed of process step b) can optionally contain further comonomers.
- Suitable comonomers are compounds copolymerizable with acrylic monomers, such as e.g. ⁇ -methyl styrene, ethyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl vinyl ether, N-vinyl pyrrolidones, N-vinyl pyridines, 2-vinyl pyridines and 4-vinyl pyridines.
- the amount of co onomers is 0 to 68.9% by weight, preferably 0 to 48.9% by weight, based in each case on the activated monomer feed added.
- the monomer feed of process step b) contains 1 to 60% by weight crosslinking agent, based on the activated monomer feed added.
- Crosslinkers are compounds with two or more polymerizable olefinic double bonds in the molecule. Examples include divinylbenzene, allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butanediol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, butanediol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether or octadiene. Divinylbenzene, octadiene or diethylene glycol divinyl ether are preferred.
- the divinylbenzene can be used in commercially available quality, which contains not only the isomers of divinylbenzene but also ethyl vinylbenzenes.
- the amount of crosslinker in the monomer feed of process step b) is preferably 2 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 18% by weight, based in each case on the activated monomer feed added.
- the initiators described under process step a) can be used as mandatory initiators in the monomer feed of process step b).
- the initiators are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the monomer feed.
- mixtures of the aforementioned radical formers can also be used, for example mixtures of initiators with different decomposition temperatures.
- the weight ratio of seed polymer to monomer feed in process step b) is 1: 1 to 1: 1000, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 100, particularly preferably 1: 3 to 1:30.
- the addition of the monomer feed in process step b) to the seed polymer from a) or a ') is generally carried out in such a way that a finely divided aqueous emulsion of the monomer feed is added to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer.
- Finely divided emulsions with average particle sizes of 1 to 10 ⁇ m which are produced using rotor-stator mixers or mixing jet nozzles using emulsifying aids such as e.g. Sulfobern- stemklakladylester Natrivurisalz, can be prepared.
- the constituents of the monomer feed in process step b) can be added together or else individually to the seed polymer from a) or a '), the individual constituents being added in each step in the form of a finely divided emulsion as described above.
- the composition of the sum of all added organic phases (monomer feed) is decisive for the present invention. In the case of metering in several metering steps, it may be advantageous to add the total amount of initiator in the first metering step.
- the monomer feed in process step b) can be added at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the initiator, for example at room temperature. It is advantageous to keep the emulsion (s) containing the monomer feed under stirring for a longer period, e.g. meter in within 0.25 to 5 hours. After the emulsion (s) have been completely added, stirring is continued, the monomer feed penetrating into the seed particles. A subsequent stirring time of 1 to 15 hours is favorable.
- the amounts of water used in the production of the seed polymer suspension and monomer mixture emulsion are not critical within wide limits. In general, 5 to 50% suspensions or emulsions are used.
- the mixture of seed polymer, monomer feed and water obtained in process step b) is mixed with at least one dispersing agent, natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers, such as e.g. Gelatin, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylic acid esters are suitable.
- Cellulose derivatives, in particular cellulose esters or cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, are also very suitable.
- the amount of dispersion aid used in process step b) is generally 0.05 to 1%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5%, based on the water phase.
- the water phase of process step b) can also contain a buffer system which adjusts the pH of the water phase to a value between 12 and 3, preferably between 10 and 4.
- Buffer systems which are particularly suitable contain phosphate, acetate, citrate or borate salts. It can be advantageous to use an inhibitor dissolved in the aqueous phase in process step b).
- both inorganic and organic substances are suitable as inhibitors. Examples of inorganic inhibitors are nitrogen compounds such as hydroxylamine, hydrazine, sodium trimetrite or potassium nitrite.
- organic inhibitors examples include phenolic compounds such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, tert-butylpyrocatecliin or condensation products from phenols with aldehydes.
- Other organic inhibitors are nitrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, die ylhydroxylamine or isopropyl ydroxylarnine.
- Resorcinol is preferred as an inhibitor according to the invention.
- the concentration of the inhibitor is 5 to 1000 pm, preferably 10 to 500 ppm, particularly preferably 20 to 250 ppm, based on the aqueous phase.
- elevated temperature for process step b) as an increase in temperature to the decomposition temperature of the initiator, generally 60 to 130 ° C. This initiates the polymerization of the monomer feed swollen into the seed particles. The polymerization takes several hours, e.g. 3 to 10 hours.
- the monomer feed in process step b) is added over a longer period of 1 to 6 hours at a temperature at which at least one of the initiators used is active.
- temperatures of 60 to 130 ° C., preferably 60 to 95 ° C., are used in this procedure.
- Process step b) makes monodisperse acrylic polymer beads, preferably with particle sizes of up to 500 ⁇ m, accessible from monodisperse seed polymers of process steps a) or a ').
- the enlargement factor results from the polymerization conversion and the weight ratio of seed polymer from a) or a ') to the monomer feed of process step b).
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymer from process step b) can be processed using the customary methods, e.g. isolated by filtration or decanting and, if necessary, dried once or several times and, if desired, sieved and stored.
- the monodisperse, acrylic-containing bead polymers are used as starting materials for the production of monodisperse ion exchangers.
- the bead polymers can be converted into ion exchangers by known processes.
- Weakly acidic cation exchangers are produced by hydrolysis of the monodisperse acrylic bead polymers from process step b). Suitable hydrolysis agents are strong bases or strong acids such as. B. sodium hydroxide solution or sulfuric acid. After the hydrolysis, the reaction mixture of the hydrolysis product and the remaining hydrolysis agent is cooled to room temperature and first diluted with water and washed.
- the weakly acidic cation exchanger is obtained in the sodium form.
- sulfuric acid at a concentration of 5 to 50%, preferably 10 to 20%.
- the weakly acidic cation exchanger obtained according to the invention can be treated for cleaning with deionized water at temperatures from 70 to 145 ° C., preferably from 105 to 130 ° C.
- Weakly basic anion exchangers can be produced, for example, by reacting the monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers prepared by process step b) with an amino alcohol or emembifunctional amine by the process according to the invention.
- a preferred amino alcohol is N-N'-dimemyl-2-aminoethanol.
- a preferred bifunctional amine is (N-N'-dimethyl) -3-ammopropylamine ("Amine Z").
- strongly basic anion exchangers can be prepared by quaternization with alkylating agents such as e.g. Methyl chloride can be produced.
- the monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers obtained by the process according to the invention are notable for high monodispersity and particularly high stability and, like the monodisperse acrylic bead polymers according to process step b), are the subject of the present invention.
- the present invention therefore also provides monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers obtainable from
- initiator 0.1 to 2% by weight of initiator, 1 to 60% by weight of crosslinker and Contains 30 to 98.9% by weight of acrylic monomer, of which up to 49.9% by weight can be replaced by styrene,
- the present invention also provides monodisperse acrylic ion exchangers obtainable from
- a monomer feed to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer from process step a ') in the presence of a dispersant, this monomer feed having 0.1 to 2 wt.% initiator, 1 to 60 wt.% crosslinking agent and 30 to 98.9 wt .- contains acrylic monomer, of which up to 49.9 wt .-% can be replaced by styrene,
- the present application also relates to the monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers, preferably with a particle size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, obtainable from a) producing an uncrosslinked monodisperse seed polymer having a particle size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m by free-radically initiated polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent,
- the present invention also relates to monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers, preferably with a particle size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, obtainable by
- a ' adding at least one monomer feed to an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer from process step a) in the presence of a dispersant, this monomer feed containing 0.1 to 5% by weight of initiator and 95 to 99.9% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds Allowing the monomer feed to swell into the seeds and polymerizing to an uncrosslinked monodisperse seed polymer at elevated temperature,
- the monodisperse acrylic anion exchangers produced according to the invention are used for removing anions from aqueous or organic solutions and their vapors for removing color particles from aqueous or organic solutions and their vapors
- glucose solutions whey, thin gelatin broths, fruit juices, fruit musts and sugars, preferably of mono- or disaccharides, in particular cane sugar, beet sugar solutions, fructose solutions, for example in the sugar industry, dairies, starch and in the pharmaceutical industry,
- humic acids for example humic acids from surface water
- the present invention therefore also relates
- Process for removing organic components from aqueous solutions, for example humic acids from surface water, using the monodisperse acrylic-containing anion exchanger according to the invention Processes for the separation and purification of biologically active components such as antibiotics, enzymes, peptides and nucleic acids from their solutions, for example from reaction mixtures and from fermentation broths, using the monodisperse acrylic-containing anion exchangers according to the invention.
- biologically active components such as antibiotics, enzymes, peptides and nucleic acids from their solutions, for example from reaction mixtures and from fermentation broths.
- - Method for analyzing the ion content of aqueous solutions by ion exchange chromatography using the monodisperse acrylic anion exchanger according to the invention.
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing anion exchangers according to the invention can be used for cleaning and processing water in the chemical industry and electronics industry.
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing anion exchangers according to the invention can be used in combination with gel-like and / or macroporous cation exchangers for the complete demineralization of aqueous solutions, in particular in the sugar industry.
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing cation exchangers produced according to the invention are used in different applications. For example, they are also used in drinking water treatment and for the chromatographic separation of glucose and fructose.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of the monodisperse acrylic-containing cation exchangers according to the invention for removing cations, color particles or organic components from aqueous or organic solutions, for softening by neutral exchange of aqueous or organic solutions, for cleaning and processing water from the chemical industry and electronics -Industry and from power plants,
- the present invention therefore also relates Process for the purification and processing of water from the chemical industry, the electronics industry and from power plants, characterized in that the monodisperse acrylic-containing cation exchangers according to the invention are used.
- the monodisperse acrylic-containing bead polymers prepared in accordance with process step b) can also be used in a variety of applications, such as for the separation and purification of biologically active components from their solutions, for the removal of color particles or organic components from aqueous or organic solutions and as a carrier for organic molecules such as chelating agents, enzymes and antibodies.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of the monodisperse acrylic bead polymers according to the invention from process step b)
- a process for binding organic molecules such as chelating agents, enzymes and antibodies to a support characterized in that the monodisperse acrylic bead polymers according to the invention are used as a support in process step b).
- Pearl polymer with a diameter of 6 ⁇ m is produced.
- the product is sedimented overnight. Then the supernatant solution is decanted off.
- the sediment is washed by taking up 2 times in 2 liters of methanol and 2 times in 2 liters of deionized water, stirring, sedimenting and decanting. An approximately 20% aqueous suspension is then prepared and the solids content is determined. A yield of 85.5% is obtained.
- 332.01 g of the 20.09% seed suspension produced in la) are placed in 801.49 g deionized water and 16.89 g 75% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in a 4 liter paddle jar with grid stirrer, cooler, temperature sensor, thermostat and temperature recorder Stirring at 150 rpm and Stikl material supply homogenized.
- the stirring speed was increased to 300 rpm for 2 minutes. After returning to 150 rpm, the nitrogen flow was shut off.
- the reaction mixture was kept at 80 ° C for 20 h.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the resulting polymer was isolated by centrifugation, washed twice with methanol and twice with water. This gave 2970 g of an aqueous Dispersion of the seed polymer 2 with a solids content of 10% by weight.
- the particle size was 2.9 ⁇ m, 0 (90) / 0 (10) was 1.29.
- Step 2a'-1 was repeated, but the following were used:
- the resulting bead polymer was washed four times with water and dispersed in water. 1420 g of an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer 2 '-2 with a solids content of 9.9% by weight were obtained. The particle size was 10.6 ⁇ m, 0 (90) / 0 (10) was 1.37.
- Step 2a was repeated, except that: an emulsion HI prepared analogously to emulsion I with a mixture of 100 g styrene and 200 g methyl acrylate and 404 g of the dispersion from 2a'-2) was used, the emulsion HI was kept at 0 to 5 ° C. during production and metering and the batch was left at room temperature for 14 hours after the metering was complete and heated to 80 ° C. for 7 hours.
- the resulting bead polymer was washed four times with water and dispersed in water. 1370 g of an aqueous dispersion of the seed polymer 2'-3 with a solids content of 9.1% by weight were obtained. The particle size was 21 ⁇ m, 0 (90) / 0 (10) was 1.41.
- a solution of 10 g of methylhydroxyethylceUulose in 2245 g of deionized water, 440 g of aqueous dispersion of 2a'-3) and 460 g of deionized water was introduced into a 4 liter three-necked flask which was flushed with a nitrogen stream of 20 l / h.
- the fine emulsion IV which was kept between 0 and 5 ° C., was pumped in at a constant rate over the course of 3 hours. The mixture was then left at room temperature for a further 14 hours and then heated to 80 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the resulting polymer was isolated by centrifugation, washed twice with methanol and twice with water and dispersed in water. In this way, 622 g of an aqueous dispersion of the acrylic bead polymer 2 having a solids content of 26.2% by weight were obtained.
- the particle size was 39 ⁇ m, 0 (9O) / 0 (10) was 1.44.
- a solution of 10 g of methylhydroxyethylceUulose in 2245 g of deionized water, 440 g of aqueous dispersion of 2a'-3) and 460 g of deionized water was introduced into a 4 liter three-necked flask which was flushed with a nitrogen stream of 20 l / h.
- the fine emulsion V was pumped in at a constant rate over the course of 3 hours. The mixture was then left at room temperature for a further 14 hours and then heated to 80 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and the resulting polymer was isolated by centrifugation, washed twice with dimethylformamide and twice with water and dispersed in water. This gave 761 g of an aqueous dispersion of the acrylic bead polymer 3 with a solids content of 12.9% by weight.
- the particle size was 43 ⁇ m, 0 (9O) / 0 (10) was 1.38.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the viscous, light-colored dispersion was diluted with 5 liters of water and the cation exchange beads were washed extensively with water on a sieve.
- the cation exchanger obtained in the sodium form was in the with 3 liters of 6% sulfuric acid Converted into H form and washed on a sieve with deionized water for neutrality. After suction on a suction filter, 550 g of finely divided, weakly acidic, water-moist cation exchange beads in the H-shape were obtained.
- the solids content was 22%, the particle size was 50 ⁇ m, 0 (90) / 0 (10) was 1.42.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102004006115A DE102004006115A1 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von monodispersen acrylhaltigen Perlpolymerisaten |
| PCT/EP2005/000670 WO2005075078A2 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-01-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung von monodispersen acrylhaltigen perlpolymerisaten |
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| DE102007020688A1 (de) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-06 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Konditionierung von Ionenaustauschern zur Adsorption von Oxoanionen |
| DE102007034732A1 (de) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chelatharzen |
| JP6540049B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-28 | 2019-07-10 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 樹脂組成物およびその製造方法、粘着剤、粘着シート |
| WO2016195006A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-04 | 2016-12-08 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 有機重合体微粒子 |
| FR3056080B1 (fr) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-09-13 | West Invest S.A. | Procede de desacidification d’un jus de fruit, notamment d’un jus de canneberge |
| CN106589222A (zh) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-04-26 | 黄晖 | 一种单分散高分子微球及其制备方法 |
| DE102017222295B4 (de) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-12-05 | Axagarius Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kits und Verfahren zur Entfernung von Verunreinigungen aus einer Nukleinsäure enthaltenden Probe |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3031737A1 (de) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-04-01 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von perlpolymerisaten einheitlicher teilchengroesse |
| CA1166413A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1984-05-01 | Edward E. Timm | Process and apparatus for preparing uniform size polymer beads |
| US4419245A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1983-12-06 | Rohm And Haas Company | Copolymer process and product therefrom consisting of crosslinked seed bead swollen by styrene monomer |
| US5068255A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1991-11-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ion exchange resins prepared by sequential monomer addition |
| EP0288006B1 (de) * | 1987-04-22 | 1994-03-23 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetzten Polymerteilchen |
| US5147937A (en) * | 1990-03-22 | 1992-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Company | Process for making controlled, uniform-sized particles in the 1 to 50 micrometer range |
| DE19634393A1 (de) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung vernetzter Polymerisate |
| DE10061544A1 (de) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Weiche, momodisperse, kugelförmige Perlpolymerisate |
| DE10122896A1 (de) * | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-14 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von monodispersen gelförmigen Kationenaustauschern |
| DE10214844A1 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-16 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von grobkörnigen gelförmigen Anionenaustauschern |
| DE10237601A1 (de) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-26 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von monodispersen gelförmigen Ionenaustauschern |
-
2004
- 2004-02-06 DE DE102004006115A patent/DE102004006115A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-01-25 CN CNA200580009911XA patent/CN1938091A/zh active Pending
- 2005-01-25 JP JP2006551765A patent/JP2007534793A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-01-25 WO PCT/EP2005/000670 patent/WO2005075078A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-25 EP EP05701149A patent/EP1713588A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-01-25 US US10/588,337 patent/US20080255258A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-09-06 NO NO20063981A patent/NO20063981L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005075078A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20063981L (no) | 2006-09-06 |
| WO2005075078A3 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
| US20080255258A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
| CN1938091A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
| WO2005075078A2 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
| JP2007534793A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
| DE102004006115A1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
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