Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
  • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
  • B23K11/11—Spot welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
  • B21J15/00—Riveting
  • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
  • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
  • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
  • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
  • B23K11/004—Welding of a small piece to a large or broad piece
  • B23K11/0066—Riveting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
  • B23K11/02—Pressure butt welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
  • B23K11/06—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
  • B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
  • B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
  • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
  • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
  • F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
  • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
  • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
  • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
  • Y10T29/49943—Riveting
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
  • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
  • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
  • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
  • Y10T29/49966—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener with supplemental joining
  • Y10T29/49968—Metal fusion joining
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
  • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
  • Y10T29/5377—Riveter

Definitions

• the invention further relates to a method for connecting two or more metallic sheets and / or profile parts.
• the invention relates in particular to a method for connecting two or more sheets and / or profile parts, at least one of which consists of a high-strength steel.
• the welding of metal sheets and / or profile parts, in particular the pressure welding of metal sheets and / or profile parts, is a particularly economical method, since it can be carried out quickly and without great expenditure on equipment and enables permanent, integral connections.
• welding can only be used to a limited extent, since a basic prerequisite is that the materials to be welded can be easily welded together. Mainly the same or essentially the same metals and metal alloys can be welded together. Different metals or alloys, for example aluminum and steel or copper and steel, are very difficult or impossible to weld.
• Fatigue strength as achieved with welded joints, is generally not possible with positive and / or non-positive mechanical connections.
• high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels are used in particular in automotive engineering to achieve Lightweight body segments used.
• the higher-strength and ultra-high-strength steels can achieve higher elongation values and thus significantly better cold formability.
• the range of securely adjustable strengths is greatly expanded compared to conventional steels.
• the high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels in question include steels which are adjusted by mixed crystal hardening, by grain refinement, by precipitation hardening or by a special form of strengthening, the so-called "press hardening" process.
• press hardening the sheet metal or profile parts which are hot-formed in a tool are quenched in the tool, so that a high martensite content is formed.
• multi-phase steels Another important group of high-strength or ultra-high-strength steels are multi-phase steels.
• the increase in strength of these multi-phase steels is achieved by introducing hard phases into the structure alongside soft phases.
• a first important group of these multi-phase steels are the so-called dual-phase steels, in which the structure consists essentially of ferrite with a martensite content of up to about 20%.
• a second important group of these multi-phase steels are the so-called residual austenite steels, which contain residual austenite components in a basic matrix consisting of ferrite and embedded bainite, which are converted into hard martensite during the forming process.
• These residual austenite steels are also known under the name TRIP steels.
• TRIP steels The abbreviation "TRIP" stands for "TRansformation Induced Plasticity".
• a third group of these multi-phase steels are the so-called complex-phase steels.
• these multi-phase steels are the so-called complex-phase steels.
• there are fine precipitations in a homogeneous distribution so that in addition to very hard phases, for example martensite, there are softer structural components.
• a fourth important group are the ferrite-bainite phase steels, which have a structure of bainite and ferrite.
• a welded connection also with well weldable steels e.g. B. conventional soft steels is also only possible to a limited extent.
• cracks often appear, which can occur on the one hand on the welding spot surfaces but also on the inside of the welding lens structure.
• the high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels have a (res) resilient behavior, which can lead to difficulties in pressure welding, in particular in spot welding.
• the springback of the high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels generally creates a gap between the sheets and / or profiles to be welded. This gap created in the press shop, however, must be compensated for in press welding, in particular spot welding, by a strong increase in the spot welding forces. This requires an adaptation of the spot welding forces to be exerted depending on the gap thicknesses to be compensated for.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new method for connecting two or more sheets and / or profile parts, in particular in automobile body construction, of which at least one is made of a high-strength steel.
• the process is intended to overcome the difficulties mentioned above, i. H. Provide a permanent and reliable welding connection, while reducing the welding time compared to conventional spot welding.
• this object is achieved by a method for connecting two or more sheets and / or profile parts, at least one of which consists of a high-strength steel, with the following steps:
• the process is also suitable for joining high-strength steel to other metals or metal alloys.
• a connection is possible in particular from aluminum with high-strength steel.
• the method with the press-hardening steels mentioned at the outset, the dual-phase steels, the ferrite-bainite-phase steels, the residual austenite steels is particularly suitable. nit steels, complex phase steels and martensite phase steels.
• the mechanical connection takes place by means of clinching.
• the clinching is also known under the term "clinching”.
• a generally plate-like weld metal is inserted into the recess of the clinching point, and the clinching point provided with the weld metal is then press-welded.
• the mechanical connection takes place with a connecting piece.
• the connecting pieces are then used as weld metal in pressure welding.
• One embodiment for this mechanical connection is riveting.
• Another embodiment is screwing.
• the rivets and / or screws introduced into the pre-punched holes in turn then serve as weld metal during the subsequent pressure welding.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is the positive and non-positive mechanical connection of the sheets and / or profiles to be joined by means of punch rivets.
• the punch rivets introduced into the sheets and / or profile parts to be connected in turn serve as weld metal during the subsequent pressure welding.
• the connecting pieces used for example the above-mentioned rivets, screws or punch rivets or the weld metal used for the clinching, consist of a well weldable steel.
• Steels that can be welded well are generally soft steels that have a purely ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic structure, for example steels according to the European standard EN 10130, in particular types DC 04, DC 05 and DC 06.
• the connecting pieces can be surface-hardened, for example by surface nitriding, so that particularly good punching behavior is achieved, since the punch rivets are less plastically deformed.
• annealing and subsequent quenching can also be considered for the surface hardening of the connecting pieces.
• a brief induction hardening or flame hardening of the connecting pieces at the edges is also conceivable.
• Steel type DC 06 is an IF steel, ie a so-called "interstitial-free" steel.
• the mechanical properties are achieved through the complete setting of the elements carbon and nitrogen, which have been reduced to the lowest levels in the steel mill by vacuum treatment, by microalloying with niobium and / or titanium in conjunction with the corresponding rolling and annealing conditions.
• the connectors can also be coated with a thin metallic coating, e.g. B. made of zinc, nickel or copper, which improves the metallurgical connection to the sheets and / or profile parts to be joined.
• a thin metallic coating e.g. B. made of zinc, nickel or copper, which improves the metallurgical connection to the sheets and / or profile parts to be joined.
• such coatings can have a positive influence on the formation of mixed connections and / or diffusion connections in the area of the weld lens structure.
• the pressure welding process used is typically electrical resistance welding. Spot welding is again preferred for electrical resistance welding. However, it is also possible to use another electrical resistance welding method, for example projection welding or roll seam welding.
• the method according to the invention is extremely suitable in the field of automotive technology and there in particular in the production of body segments which are to be manufactured in a lightweight construction with high-strength and / or high-strength steels.
• the method according to the invention can be used to produce body segments in lightweight construction, which are distinguished by the fact that the welding connection points typically produced by spot welding between the processed high resistant and ultra-high-strength steels are crack-free and can be manufactured very quickly and with relatively little outlay on equipment. Furthermore, the quality inspection of the weld spots produced is considerably simplified, since the weld spots have almost purely ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic weld lens structures with small proportions of bainite or martensite, which can be checked well with the known ultrasound test methods, since these weld lens structures provide a good contrast have the structure of the welded sheets or profile parts.
• body segments can thus be produced in a throughput time which is increased compared to the prior art and which also have a greatly increased production reliability compared to the prior art.
• the method according to the invention therefore not only enables faster production, but also significantly simplified and faster quality inspection of the manufactured body segments.
• the present invention offers a further advantage that, in comparison to the conventionally produced body segments, which contain high-strength and / or high-strength steels, repair of defective weld connection points can be carried out quickly and without problems, since the welded joints can be made without adhering to a very difficult one Welding process window can be improved. This opens up an easy and economical possibility for repairs in the production lines as well as for the repair of already delivered vehicles in the repair workshops.
• FIG. 2a the micrograph with the characteristic features of a punch rivet connection, which has been produced with the method from Figures la to e and
• a first sheet 1 and a second sheet 2 are initially provided, which adjoin one another and form a packet.
• Both the first sheet 1 and the second sheet 2 shown here consist of a high-strength steel. Both sheets have a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm.
• the first sheet 1 and the second sheet 2 are then inserted into a punch rivet setting tool 3.
• the punch riveting tool 3 consists of a feed nose 4 in which a punch 5 is arranged.
• the feed nose 4 guides the punch 5, a punch rivet 6 being arranged at the lower end of the punch 5.
• the feed nose 4 with the punch 5 therein and the guided punch rivet 6 is located above the package to be joined from the first sheet 1 and the second sheet 2. Below this packet to be joined there is a matrix 7.
• the package is clamped by the feed nose 4 located at the top and the matrix 7 located at the bottom. This is shown in FIG. 1b.
• the actual punch rivet setting process is then started, which is shown in FIG. 1c.
• the punch rivet 6 to be set which is designed as a semi-hollow rivet, is pressed onto the first sheet 1 so that this first sheet 1 is punched through.
• the punch rivet The setting process ends with the punch rivet 6 then spreading out in the lower second sheet 2, which is shown in FIG. 1d.
• the two sheets 1 and 2 are then mechanically connected to one another in a positive and non-positive manner.
• the punch rivet used here consists of a high-strength IF steel, that is, a so-called high-strength "interstitial-free" steel.
• IF steels the high-strength IF steel, that is, a so-called high-strength "interstitial-free" steel.
• the punch rivet geometry, the design of the matrix 7 and the exerted joining force are matched to 20.
• the material properties of the sheets 1 and 2 to be joined made from residual austenite steel.
• the spot welding apparatus has a mains connection (not shown), a welding current source (not shown) and two copper electrodes 9 and 10.
• the copper electrodes 9 and 10 which can also have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the punch rivet 6, are placed on the surface of the punch rivet 6 contained in the package and on the underside of the second sheet 2 containing the punch rivet 6. Subsequently, the packet consisting of punch rivet 6, first sheet 1 and second sheet 2 is positively pressed by the copper electrodes 9 and 10, a high current being generated by the transformer in the welding current source, which heats the packet.
• the welding point is the electrical current through a very narrow cross section. This effect is reinforced by the electrical resistance of the package.
• the copper electrodes 9 and 10 press the package together so that it connects metallurgically.
• the electrical current is then switched off and the package cools down in the area of the weld.
• the welded package is then removed from the spot welding apparatus 8.
• FIG. 2a shows a punch rivet connection in the cut, in which a punch rivet 6 with countersunk head has been used. Due to the undercut H and the remaining residual floor thickness R, a positive and non-positive mechanical connection has been created using the method carried out in FIGS. After spot welding from FIG. 1 has been carried out, this positive and non-positive mechanical connection changes into an integral connection, the micrograph of which is shown in FIG. 2b.
• the interior of the welded lens structure S shown there is almost bainite and martensite free due to the punch rivet 6 made of high-strength IF steel used.
• the weld lens structure S is mainly a ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic structure.
• the structure also has mixed connections and diffusion connections at its edges, which face the first sheet 1 and the second sheet 2.
• the structure at these edges represents a solidification structure.
• the entire weld lens structure S has a high ductility and is especially crack-free on the inside. In comparison to the conventional welding lens structures of spot-welded high-strength steels and / or ultra-high-strength steels, no cracks occur in the surfaces of these welding lens structures S either.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Connection Of Plates (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Resistance Welding (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
• Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34778119

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (76)

Family Cites Families (31)

• 2004
  • 2004-01-27 DE DE102004003909A patent/DE102004003909B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-09-21 US US10/946,138 patent/US7870656B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2005
  • 2005-01-27 EP EP05706705A patent/EP1713608A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-01-27 BR BRPI0506579-8A patent/BRPI0506579A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-01-27 CN CNA2005800098422A patent/CN1938120A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-01-27 JP JP2006549863A patent/JP2007521964A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-01-27 KR KR1020067016982A patent/KR20060129404A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-01-27 AU AU2005205865A patent/AU2005205865A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-01-27 WO PCT/DE2005/000111 patent/WO2005070609A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2005-01-27 EP EP09002240A patent/EP2052802A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events